The new Chinese curriculum standard emphasizes: "Reading simple classical Chinese can help you understand the basic content with notes and reference books." It can be said that the new Chinese curriculum standard reduces the requirements for learning classical Chinese, and the items of the classical Chinese examination in the senior high school entrance examination are limited to textbooks. Theoretically, there should be a fairly ideal result, but the result is quite unexpected. The author investigated more than 50 Chinese teachers in middle schools, and found that in the process of classical Chinese teaching, most teachers pay great attention to sentence translation, memory and targeted exercises, and the teaching process is rigorous.
However, in the process of learning classical Chinese, most students think that the process of learning classical Chinese in this way is boring and inefficient, just like learning another foreign language. They even think that teaching classical Chinese well is teachers' wishful thinking, and students can only "roll with the punches". The reasons for the low learning efficiency of classical Chinese are: 1. Students leave the situation of understanding classical Chinese.
Classical Chinese is really not like modern Chinese, which makes students read fluently and understand the meaning. It is difficult for students to accept the complexity of translation, to understand the expression of stubborn teeth in classical Chinese and to understand the true and rich expression of ancient people's feelings.
For example, in Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi, Zou Ji asks his wife, concubine and guests the same question: "Who am I, Xu Hongmei in the north of the city?" The wife said, "Your Majesty is very beautiful. How can Xu Can Palace compare with you?" The princess said, how can I compare with you? The guest said, "Xu Gong is not equal to your beauty." They replied with one voice, with the same meaning but different sentence patterns, and slightly changed words, but expressed different tones and different psychology of different characters.
When students understand the above content, they often start with words and sentence patterns, and then rush to answer the teacher's question "Why is the tone different?" Instead of experiencing it in a specific story situation. This understanding of classical Chinese is superficial, dull, vivid and not profound, and the mastery is hasty, hasty, unstable and firm.
2. Students leave the situation of using classical Chinese. Zhao Pu's Half Analects of Confucius Governing the World illustrates the importance of applying what you have learned.
However, in daily life, students' communication is not deliberately expressed in classical Chinese, and they think it is a rather pedantic performance. Kong Yiji's "Too much is too little, too much" is a proof. In the teaching class, our teachers may also ignore the particularity of the flexible use of classic sentences in different situations.
For example, teachers often describe it as a high-profile performance of the United States singing bad human rights at the United Nations, which is interpreted as ulterior motives. But at this time, "The Drunken Pavilion" should not be understood in this way.
In fact, the use of classical Chinese also requires students to have a certain cultural taste. Due to the limitation of students' cultural quality, students have a special liking for the emerging and simple network language, but ignore the use of classical Chinese.
3. Students leave the classical Chinese humanistic situation. Classical Chinese is rich in poetry and painting, exudes unique cultural charm and embodies profound national feelings.
However, students seem unable to understand the subtleties of classical Chinese. For example, in the article Born in Worry and Died in Happiness, students understand the important knowledge of "sense of worry" and "success in adversity". However, when asked about the modern significance of their sense of hardship and how to make themselves talents, students are at a loss.
The key lies in the lack of humanistic situation. The creation of humanistic situation in classical Chinese requires students to pay attention to contemporary social and cultural life, pay attention to the cultivation of their own quality, and strive to be well cultivated in the study of classical Chinese, improve their life quality and cultivate healthy personality.
For example, the creation of the humanistic situation of "anxiety consciousness" makes students worry about the war in peacetime, the environment of developing society, and the incurable diseases in a better life ... Let students learn from the broad mind of the ancients, shoulder the responsibility of inheriting excellent civilization, and establish a correct outlook on life and values. It can be seen that it is very necessary to create a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese.
2. Strategic thinking on creating a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese. Since learning classical Chinese requires a good situation and it is so important to create a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese, we should think strategically.
1, intonation, irony and intonation is to ask students to read aloud, read correctly and fluently, visualize the language in cadence, beautify and deepen their emotions. Let the students immerse themselves in it, understand the taste of the article and gain something.
"Old books are never tired of reading, and children know themselves when they are familiar with them." "They are familiar with 300 Tang poems, and they can sing even if they can't write poems." This is a subtle presentation of chanting. For example, the repeated reading of "sending 900 people to guard Yuyang and stay in osawa Township" in Chen She Family is different from "sending 900 people to stay in osawa Township", which deeply understands the history of Qin Xing's corvee and people's garrison.
After Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi as a "capable minister", Qi Weiwang said "goodness". Concise and just right, it reflects Qi Weiwang's affirmation of Zou Ji and shows that he is an enterprising and enlightened monarch.
Therefore, when reading the word "goodness", we should read the majesty and wisdom in short notes and the heroic mind in high notes. Such a generation of wise men can be said to have both form and spirit to force Xiao. 2, taste perception, rebuilding the body's teaching of classical Chinese, Mr. Ye Shengtao believes: "When reciting, we should not only rationally understand what we have learned, but also sincerely experience it. Unconsciously, the content and truth become the readers' own things, which is the most precious realm. "
A good example is Tao Yuanming's reading, "appreciating anecdotes and analyzing doubts" and "the governor forgets to eat". When we recite Fan Zhongyan's great political ambition of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" in Yueyang Tower, we should realize the practical significance of "enjoying the world first and enjoying the world later".
When we sing the sacredness of "sacrifice one's life for righteousness" in "I want fish", we should feel the will of people with lofty ideals to sacrifice their lives for the country and go to disaster generously throughout the ages. Through the feeling of taste, let students have a cordial experience and make classical Chinese learning interesting; Students' unique aesthetic taste also makes the connotation of classical Chinese shine.
At the same time, students also internalized the excellent cultural essence, achieved perfection, and improved their cultural literacy to varying degrees. 3. The accumulation and application of Ouyang Xiu's poems.
2. How to appreciate ancient prose, an expressive comment.
The forms of expression are narration, description, lyricism and discussion. The so-called evaluation of expression means the ability to distinguish which expressions are used in poetry and their functions.
1, narrative. Explain and introduce the characters and events in the works, such as "Prepare chicken rice for me, so you entertain me on your farm" (Meng Haoran's Crossing the Ancient Village) and "Bow in the corner of the wind and the general hunts the acropolis" (Wang Wei's Hunting). "Gou Jian, the king of Yue, destroyed Wu Gui, and the soldiers returned home dressed in gold" (Li Bai's Visit to Vietnam)
2. description. Give a concrete and vivid description of people, things, environment and other forms and characteristics in vivid language. Let readers see their people, such as hearing their voices and seeing their affairs, such as their surroundings. For example, "There is moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream" (Wang Wei's "Mountain Living in Autumn Evening"), "Three mountains and a half fall outside the blue sky, and a water egret island" (Li Bai's "On boarding Nanjing to Phoenix Terrace").
3. Lyric. Express subjective feelings and self-feelings in the works, such as "I would like to put down my sword to cut Loulan" (Xia Sai Qu by Li Bai), "We met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip) and so on.
4. discuss it. Explain the views and attitudes directly in the works, such as "Life is a hero, and death is a ghost hero" (Li Qingzhao's "Summer quatrains"), "There are many talented people in Jiangdong, and it is unknown to make a comeback" (Tu Mu's "Title Wujiang Pavilion").
These four expressions are not completely separated in specific applications, but often fused together. We need to pay attention to this point, for example, "But before he conquered, he was dead, and the hero cried on their coats from now on" (Du Fu's Book of Letters), which combines four expressions: narration, description, lyricism and discussion.
Second, the appreciation of artistic techniques.
1, the artistic technique of description: from the perspective of description, there are positive description and side description; From the description of pen, there are meticulous and line drawing; From the content of description, there are scenery description and character description.
2. Artistic techniques of lyric: There are two main ways of lyric: direct lyric and indirect lyric. Most ancient poems express their feelings with the help of scenery. As the saying goes, "All scenery words are sentimental words", and there are usually four relationships between scenery and emotion: appreciating Syaraku's feelings; Write sad feelings with sad scenes; Happy to write mourning; Mourn the situation in Syaraku.
3, foil technique: involving positive contrast and negative contrast.
4. Contrast technique.
5, Fu Bixing technique.
6. Use allusions.
7. Virtual writing and real writing.
8. Symbolism.
(See Appendix for details. )
Third, appreciation of rhetorical devices.
The rhetorical devices commonly used in ancient poetry include metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, metonymy, antithesis, rhetorical questions and puns. When appreciating poetry, we should be able to distinguish these rhetorical devices and analyze their artistic effects.
(See Appendix for details. )
Attachment: Examples of artistic and rhetorical techniques.
1, Bixing technique: Fu Bixing is a summary of the poetic expression technique in China's earliest poetry collection The Book of Songs. Later poems inherited the expressive techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing. Fu describes the scenery in detail and expresses the author's attitude, such as The Book of Songs? In Cutting Dalbergia Dalbergia, "Cutting Dalbergia Dalbergia is like cutting Dalbergia Dalbergia, and the river is dry", "If you don't get enough crops, you won't hunt. If there are gentlemen in counties and counties in Hu Zhaner's court, you won't eat vegetarian food!" Describe a group of logging slaves cutting ebony for slave owners to make cars. In the arduous labor, they think that slave owners get something for nothing and can't restrain their inner anger. Storytelling compares the slave owner to a big mouse, using the method of comparison. Xing means "say something else first to arouse the words to be sung", such as The Book of Songs? "The river is clear and rippling" in Chopping Tan belongs to "Xing", which leads to the following narrative. "Xing" and "Bi" are often combined in a poem. For example, the beginning of Peacock Flying Southeast and Wandering Five Miles is both "Xing" and "Bi".
2, direct and indirect lyricism: express your feelings directly, that is, express your feelings directly, also called express your feelings directly. By describing, describing or discussing something or a problem, we express our feelings implicitly, that is, indirectly. China's classical poetry pursues implication, so it is often indirect lyricism, in order to achieve a blend of scenes. "All scenes have feelings", and scene blending is a common method in classical poetry. Whether there is artistic conception is also a sign to judge whether classical poetry is excellent or not. For example, Zhang Kejiu's "[Double Tone] Qingjiang Tone? Qiu Huai: The west wind came to Wan Li and asked me if geese would sing red leaves before returning. People are intoxicated by the yellow flowers and banana rain and hear Qiu Meng. The poet grasped the meaning of the topic and painted a bleak autumn scenery with west wind, wild geese, red leaves, yellow flowers, plantains and rain. The arrival of the west wind is related to the uncertainty of the return date. Because of "Banana Rain", I was worried about fame and fortune, tossing and turning. Every sentence is about scenery, and every sentence is lyrical, with a high degree of unity between emotion and scenery.
3. How to write ancient prose appreciation 1, read the original text and grasp the genre of the article.
2. Understand the theme of the article and summarize it in one sentence.
3. Analyze the outstanding features of his writing.
Such as the description of characters in narrative, pay attention to appearance, manner, action, language, details, profile description of characters, environmental background and so on.
Narrative scenery description, pay attention to its grasp characteristics, clear hierarchy, scene blending, using a variety of rhetorical devices.
Describe the event and pay attention to the characteristics of the material (such as seeing the big from the small, novel and typical, etc.) ), narrative order (sequential narrative, flashback, narrative insertion), plot arrangement (such as clear clues, bedding, ups and downs, fascinating, echoing from beginning to end, etc.). ).
Narrative language should be vivid, vivid, novel and concise, and skillfully use rhetoric.
Explanatory text analysis pays attention to structural order (chronological order, spatial order, logical order, parallel structure, push structure, total score structure, primary and secondary structure, etc. ), interpretation methods (definition, explanation, classification, example, quotation, comparison, metaphor, numbers, etc. ) and language (concise, accurate, rigorous and vivid).
Argumentative papers are analyzed from the aspects of argument, conception (novelty), structure, argumentation method and language.
4. Master some commonly used terms of analytical articles for application. For example, the theme is profound (vivid), the conception is exquisite, the artistic conception is profound, the structure is novel, the description is exquisite, the emotion is in the scene, the scene is mixed, the image is vivid, the hierarchy is clear, the contrast is interesting, the echo is before and after, the metaphor is vivid, the antithesis is steady, the words are brilliant, the words are concise, the epigrams are exquisite, the writing is vivid, the imagination is rich, the cases are typical, and the suspense is cleverly set. It should be used and played according to the actual situation of the article, not hard-wired or piled up. The same is true of the various writing methods mentioned above, which only provide some clues for thinking and need specific analysis, and cannot be mechanically copied.
When analyzing in the examination room, we can't cover everything, but only grasp the most important and prominent features in the article.
4. How to write the word "appreciation of ancient Chinese prose"? In the first half of the description of the scenery, the winter did not wither at all, nor did it mean bleak. On the contrary, the poet's optimism makes his northern winter scenery magnificent, simple and beautiful. After reading these magnificent and colorful words, it is really refreshing and full of energy.
The first half of this word, although every sentence is about scenery, has a strong lyrical flavor. The second half comments on the characters, but it is not boring.
Writing landscape reviews, the two are closely related and set each other off. When evaluating historical figures, poets are reasonable, affectionate and measured.
A word "cherish" is very affectionate. "Slightly lost" and "slightly inferior" are also interesting.
Known as "a generation of tianjiao, Genghis Khan, only knows how to shoot an eagle with a bow." This image seems to be standing in front of us.
The word "knowledge only" is very vivid. These two sentences describe Genghis Khan's character and the poet's view of him. When writing a scene, the image of the scene is male, and the same is true when writing characters.
The whole word is a combination of description and discussion, with feelings and scenery, great spirit and touching feelings. Every time I look at it, I feel that there is an awe-inspiring spirit, which makes people's eyes wide open and their hearts wide open. This is a hymn of snow, and this is a picture of the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland.
This is a poem by a historical figure, and it is the high song of a revolutionary hero who struggles for the happiness of the people. Chairman Mao's poems, which are never sung again, are the epic of China revolution and a wonderful flower in the ocean of China's poems.
"Spring and Snow in Qinyuan" was praised as the eternal swan song by Liu Yazi, the leader of Nanshe Society. This word has always been my favorite. Every time I read it, I seem to have returned to the war years and seen the great man who pointed out the country. I can't help but indulge in the bold style, majestic momentum, far-reaching artistic conception and broad mind.
However, since its publication, the word has been attacked by many malicious attacks, which has caused a long-lasting debate. Some people say that it has the emperor's thought and the emperor's breath; Some people say that exaggerating digression Wan Li; Some people say that it is an inappropriate metaphor and lacks a turning point; Some people say that its meaning is sparse and plain; Some people even say that this is imitation, and others are ghostwriting ... out of context, superficial, but like a stone sinking into the sea.
The pursuit of art is meaningful, and there is a hole in this word. The word comes from snow and is named after it, but it is not written for snow, but expressed by snow.
It hides too many secrets and contains endless mysteries. Every sentence in it is meaningful, a true expression of the poet's thoughts and an answer to many important questions.
Its sincere emotion, profound implication and incisive philosophy are breathtaking. First of all, recognize the situation.
"Northland scenery freezing thousands of miles, Wan Li snow. Looking inside and outside the Great Wall, I only feel a vast expanse, and the river is lost. " What a cold Sunday, what a heavy snow, what human suffering! The face between heaven and earth was changed by snow, and I saw that the Great Wall was boundless and lifeless inside and outside. Even the surging Yellow River was frozen by snow and stopped flowing.
China's northland seems to have entered a dead state. Reminiscent of Liu Zongyuan's famous sentence about snow, "There are no birds in hundreds of mountains, and there are no footprints in thousands of paths".
1936 In February, Chairman Mao led the "China People's Red Army Anti-Japanese Vanguard" to cross the Yellow River and prepare to go to Suiyuan for anti-Japanese. When Yuanjiagou in Qingjian County, Shaanxi Province was planning to cross the river, it suddenly snowed heavily. He climbed to the top of the mountain and looked into the distance. Facing the vast land, he wrote this word with great pride.
Its location is about 150km from the Great Wall in the north and 25km from the Yellow River in the east. It can be seen that the descriptions in ci are not all real scenes, but more scenes in the poet's mind.
The Great Wall is a symbol of the Chinese nation. It stands in the vast northern China and represents the indomitable spirit of the people of China. As the defense line of Wan Li in the Central Plains, it has blocked foreign invasion for countless times.
Inside and outside the majestic Great Wall, there is fire and smoke. The Japanese threatened North China, and the muzzle pointed to the important places of Peiping and Tianjin. Yin Rugeng defected to the enemy and betrayed the country, and organized "Jidong autonomy"; Chiang Kai-shek, regardless of justice, advocated "setting the outside world first".
The Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation. It roared and rolled forward, it selflessly nurtured Chinese civilization, it flowed with the long river of history and witnessed the rise and fall of honor and disgrace for 5 thousand years.
On the banks of the mighty Yellow River, there is another life-and-death struggle. The Kuomintang assembled the Northeast Army, the Northwest Army and the Central Army, and hundreds of thousands of troops besieged the liberated areas.
The Central Red Army has just arrived in northern Shaanxi, with only 8,000 people left. Its foothold is unstable and there is a shortage of grain, grass and ammunition. Standing on the top of the mountain, facing the biting cold wind and the heavy snow all over the sky, what kind of mentality will you have? As Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army, braved the flames of civil war and faced the bullying of foreign powers, what kind of answer would you make? Will China's vast and rich land be frozen? Will the vast and deep river of China history be cut off? As can be seen from the poem, what a difficult predicament Chairman Mao is facing, what amazing insight he has, and what profound thinking he is carrying out! Second, guide the battle.
"Mountain dancing silver snake, the original wax elephant, wants to compare with the weather." In an instant, the mountains danced as deftly as countless silver snakes; The plateau runs like a wild wax elephant.
The whole world has changed from dead silence to jubilation, and there is endless vitality between heaven and earth. Snow is a gift from God, and suffering is a historical necessity, but we must break the ice, overcome suffering and contend with God.
This is a strong man's answer to God, and this is a nation's answer to fate! But what kind of strength, courage and wisdom does it take to fight against God's will? Silent mountains danced, the sleeping plateau woke up and became tribes, galloping on the earth. The mountains became the fighting weapons in his hands, and the plateau became the victory ladder in his eyes.
Its wonderful place is hard to describe in words! He discovered the power of the people. He has a profound understanding and research on China society.
He aroused the people's resistance and inspired the amazing potential of the Chinese nation. That power is unparalleled and can only be compared with mountains and highlands; That kind of power can turn decay into magic and make the whole earth full of vitality.
After the baptism of revolutionary thought, the sick man of East Asia became a millionaire. After the baptism of the Long March, the Red Army of Workers and Peasants has become an invincible force.
5. Appreciation of several ancient Chinese prose: A Tour in Shanxi Village, A Journey to the Land, Xiao Mo, Peasant Wine and Wine, and The Stay of Chickens and Dolphins in Good Years.
There's a village where there's no road. The flute and drum are close to the Spring Club, and the clothes are simple and ancient.
From now on, if you ride leisurely on the moon, you will knock on the door all night with your cane. Don't laugh at the farmer's muddy wine, there are plenty of delicious food to entertain guests in the harvest year.
There are many mountains and rivers, but no way is feasible. Suddenly, I saw a village with dense green willows and bright colors. You play the flute, I play the drums and celebrate together. The Spring Festival is approaching, and the quaint ancient style remains.
Starting today, if I am allowed to wander in the moonlight, I, a white-haired old man, will also have fun in the dark and knock on Chai Men with a cane. [Notes] ①: Lajiu: the wine brewed in the twelfth lunar month of the first year.
②: tún: It means to prepare a sumptuous dish. Dolphin, pig and poem refer to pork.
③: The mountain is heavy and the water is heavy: a heavy mountain, water all the way. 4: Dark willows and dark flowers: green willows are lush and shady, and flowers are delicate and charming.
⑤: Flute drum: Flute drum. Spring Festival: In ancient times, people called the day when the land god was sacrificed at the beginning of spring as Spring Festival Day.
⑥: The ancient style still exists: the quaint ancient style still exists. All landowners: Xu Ruo: If so.
Ride leisurely on the moon: come down in the moonlight when you have time. 8: anytime: anytime.
Knock: Knock. Appreciate this is a simple and natural poem about traveling in a mountain village.
With sincere feelings and clear style, the poet described the mountain village scenery and peasant customs, with a strong flavor of life. This poem vividly depicts the scenery and local customs of the poet's hometown, and is full of rich flavor of life.
The first two sentences of the poem, with the kind words of "Don't laugh" and "Enough with chickens and dolphins", show the villagers' sincere attitude towards the guests. The third and fourth sentences in the poem describe the scenery of the mountain village, which has always been awarded to people.
In the third sentence, "heavy" and "complex" are synonyms, and together with the word "doubt", they write a chaotic scene of overlapping mountains and rivers; In the fourth sentence, the words "dark" and "bright" set each other off in interest, and together with the word "quiet", they describe a pleasant scene of green trees and flowers. The fifth and sixth sentences of the poem describe the folk customs here, with drums and flutes ringing in unison and simple clothes, which show the poet's praise for simple rural life.
In the last two sentences of this poem, the author expresses his feelings. The warm hospitality, beautiful scenery and simple folk customs here make the poet full of enthusiasm, but the poet did not directly describe this mood, but expressed it in another way, saying, "From now on, if you ride leisurely on the moon, you will knock on the door with a cane all night", which shows the strong interest.
Let it go to the frontier Author: Wang Wei Age: Tang School: Five Laws Category: Frontier Bicycle wants to ask the frontier, and has been back to China for a long time. Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky.
The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen. When I arrived at the small pass, I met a spy waiting for the knight and told me that Dou Hu was in Yan.
Where does the light bus go? The mission is on the northwest border. Like a grass floating in the wind, it walks out of the border, and like a wild goose flying north, it enters the border.
In the vast desert, the striking beacon smoke rises tall and straight, and the sun goes up and down on the long Yellow River. When I arrived at the frontier fortress, I only met the left-behind troops. It turns out that the defenders are at the front.
Appreciation: In the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737), Cui, the envoy of Hexi Province, defeated Tubo, and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty ordered Wang Wei to go out to inspect the military situation. This is actually pushing Wang Wei out of court.
This poem was written on the way to the border. "I want to ask over there by bike", so I won't go by car. Where are you going? "The vassal country has passed Juyan", Juyan is in the northwest of Zhangye County, Gansu Province, far from the northwest frontier.
The poet compared Peng to Yan, saying that he came out of Han's fortress, like a blowing in the wind weed, and entered Hu's sky, like a wild goose flying north. In ancient poetry, flying over the eaves and walking over the wall is often used as a metaphor for a wandering wanderer, but here it is a metaphor for a minister with a court mission, who is secretly writing the poet's inner anger and depression.
It echoes the "bicycle" in the first sentence. The trip to Wan Li took only ten words.
Then it describes the typical scenery in the desert: "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen." The last two sentences are written to arrive at the frontier fortress: "Xiaoguan is protected in Yanran every time he rides a horse."
When I arrived at the frontier fortress, I didn't see the general. The scouts told the special envoy that the general was at the front. The poet focused his pen and ink on what he was best at winning-writing landscapes.
The author's mission takes place in spring. On the way, I saw a few lines of returning geese to the north. The poet made a metaphor on the spot, and compared himself with returning geese, which was both narrative and scenery-writing, which was natural and appropriate.
In particular, the link of "lonely smoke in the desert, long river setting the yen" describes the strange and magnificent scenery outside the Great Wall after entering the frontier fortress. The picture is open and the artistic conception is magnificent, which is called "the wonders of the ages" by Wang Guowei. The frontier desert is boundless, so the word "big" of "desert" is used.
The frontier fortress is desolate and wonders. The smoke lit by the beacon tower is particularly eye-catching, so it is called "solitary smoke". A word "solitary" describes the monotony of the landscape, and a word "straight" behind it also shows its strength and perseverance.
There are no mountains and trees in the desert, and the Yellow River flowing through it cannot express the poet's feelings unless a word "long" is used. Sunset, originally easy to give people a sentimental impression, uses the word "round" here, but gives people a feeling of warmth and boundless.
The word "circle" and "straight" not only accurately describes the desert scene, but also shows the author's deep affection. The poet skillfully blends his loneliness into the description of the vast natural scenery.
The forty-eighth chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions said: "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen." . How straight do you want to smoke? The sun is naturally round.
The word' straight' seems unreasonable, and the word' round' seems too vulgar. When I closed the book and remembered, I seemed to have seen this scene.
You have to look for two more words of these two, but you can't find two words. This is the advantage of "poetry", which can't be said in the mouth, but it is realistic if you want to go; It seems unreasonable, and it is reasonable to want to go. "
This passage also reveals the superb artistic realm of these two poems. Appreciating Lotte Yangzhou for the first time [Tang] Liu Yuxi bleak Bashan Chu water land, 23 years of self-destruction.
People come back. Like people in Michelle, I can only play the flute, and I am disappointed. On one side of the boat, Qian Fan races; At the head of the sick tree, every year is a spring shower.
Today, listen to you sing a song, drink a glass of wine and cheer up. Bashan Chushui is a desolate place. For 23 years, I have been.
6. Appreciation of China's classical literature criticism:
First, the dialogue between teachers and students is a consistent technique in The Analects, but this scene is very concrete and vivid. The expressions and mentality of teachers and students are vivid and visible, just like a miniature narrative:
Characters: Confucius and four disciples. Event: Disciples sit together and talk to the teacher about their ideals. Details: 1. Expression: Luz leads the way and the master speaks; 2. Action: sitting, playing drums and playing the piano, etc. 3. Language is abbreviated.
Second, the characters are outstanding. Confucius is gentle and sincere: let disciples express their opinions and encourage them to speak actively, regardless of age and status. Disciples will never be embarrassed in public even if they disagree with what they say. For example, if he speaks rashly, the host only thinks "yes", but here Yi doesn't mean to laugh, but at most he smiles generously. Later, the disciple didn't comment first, but listened patiently and asked the next one. After listening to Ceng Yong's speech, I can't help admiring: I am with you! Seeing that Confucius sincerely praised Yao Zeng's realm and did not hide his inclination, he was tolerant and indifferent, and the image of a wise elder jumped from the page.
The personality of the three disciples is the most prominent. Lutz's indiscretion makes him more humble than Gong Xihua. Shen Feng of Zeng Yao is chic ... The most prominent ones are Lutz and Yao Zeng, who mentioned Lutz's bravery and frankness many times in The Analects of Confucius. This time, he took the lead in speaking, and only used a "rate" to express his impulsive personality. But Ceng Yong seems to have been tinkering with it. On the one hand, it creates a relaxed conversation atmosphere for the dialogue between teachers and students, on the other hand, it also shows his free and easy personality, just like the background musician of a talk show, which is very artistic. He is also very good at expressing, describing a harmonious and beautiful situation, which is fascinating. Even if he shows it to us modern people, he appreciates the life situation: spring clothes have been taken, friends are called, bathing in the water, blowing on the stage, singing back under the stage. If this is regarded as the highest state of governing the country, it is commendable, in line with Confucius' highest ideal of governing the country through rites and music, and can be praised by Confucius; Even if it is another possibility: Yao Zeng is an idle scholar, who doesn't want to participate in governing the country and leveling the world. He just wants to cultivate his morality, such as Taoist inaction, which is not contrary to Confucius' thought, so he can also get Confucius' * * * Song-perhaps in Confucius' heart, he is a little tired of his lobbying, which is a subtle observation of the teacher's unspeakable mood. Finally, Confucius' evaluation of the three disciples adhered to his consistent proposition: being a gift to the country and being modest in personality.
Third, the style of writing is compact, closely focusing on "expressing meaning", making waves with vivid twists and turns, and the main idea is highlighted. Needless to say, this point can be drawn through the previous analysis.