A brief analysis of the melancholy artistic style of Du Fu's poetry
Du Fu is one of the greatest poets in ancient my country. His poetry creation has reached the highest level of realism in the history of poetry. He is a most accomplished poet in the history of Chinese poetry.
Du Fu was born in a Confucian family. When he was young, he accepted the traditional Confucian thought of cultivating Qi Zhiping, and devoted himself to "bringing the emperors Yao and Shun to the throne, and then making customs pure" ("Twenty-two Rhymes of Wei Zuocheng's Wen"), but The cruel reality shattered his dream. Under the control of the treacherous prime minister Li Linfu, Tianbao's six-year examination came to a shameful end in the name of "Wild and Unrequited Virtues", causing the poet who was full of lofty ambitions to be humiliated and humiliated, and settled in Chang'an. , living an extremely difficult life. A few years later, the "An-Shi Rebellion" caused the poet to go through the pain of chaos again. He was in danger of breaking into Chang'an. He saw with his own eyes the scene of the subjugation of the country, "the country is broken, the mountains and rivers are still there, the city is springy and the vegetation is deep", and he experienced the trauma that the great changes brought to the people's hearts. . From then on, the poet wandered around in the southwest, and eventually died of poverty and sorrow.
Although Du Fu was a commoner, he always cared about the future and destiny of the country and nation, and the living conditions of the people. He conveyed the suffering of an era and the sentiments of a Confucian scholar with his moving songs filled with blood and tears. Conscience and courage. His poems, with their unique style of "melancholy and frustration", stand out in the history of Chinese literature and are astonishing to generations to come.
Depression is Du Fu’s description of his creative style in his early years. He said in "Jin Diao Fu Biao Zhong": "Although I am not advocating the Six Classics, I first recite a few poems. As for the Depressed and frustrated, he can be agile at any time, but the likes of Yang Xiong and Mei Gao can be defeated." Later, when he experienced wars and rebellions and suffered the hardships of the people, he revealed uncontrollable sadness in his poems, and his creations became increasingly mature. Finally, he uses "melancholy and frustration" to summarize his poetry style. Depressed and frustrated, the surface is deep depression, which is manifested by rhythmic ups and downs and twists and turns. It involves the inner and outer structures of poetry, the heavy fullness of the inner structure, and the controlled turmoil and elasticity of the outer structure. Among them, "depression" refers to the deep and profound literary thoughts, and "depression" refers to the rhythm of the tone; and "depression" also means dull and melancholy, which means it has deep and wide sorrow and anger, inward potential, cadence and rigorous rhythm.
A melancholy and profound emotional connotation
Du Fu’s life was a life of wandering and downfall. “Misery” became synonymous with his life, but Du Fu did not sink. Not based on personal misfortune, but with the conscience and courage of Confucian scholars, it conveys the heaviness and sadness of that era, reflecting the profound and broad characteristics of the era of worry and indignation.
(1) A profound portrayal of a troubled society
Du Fu was born in a Confucian family that has "worshiped Confucianism and guarded officialdom without falling into a career" for generations. He cultivated people who paid attention to society and life. With excellent qualities, he described the society with "all kinds of difficulties" with a heavy heart of sorrow and anger.
When Du Fu was trapped in Chang'an, he once fell into the dilemma of "selling medicine to the city and sending food to friends". Therefore, he felt the disasters brought to the people by Xuanzong's aggressive and militaristic border wars. There are many crises hidden under the surface prosperity. His "Military Chariots March" conveys the people's helpless sigh with a helpless and heavy sigh: "Maybe from Fifteenth North to Fang River, then to Fortyth Western Camp Field. When I left, I was wrapping my head, and when I came back, I was still guarding the border." The disgust of the cessation of the war, and the blood and tears of the soldiers, "Don't you see, there are two hundred states in Shandong of the Han Dynasty, thousands of villages are growing Jingqi. Even if there are healthy women hoeing pears, there is nothing to grow in the long acres." The huge damage caused by the war to the rear economy conveys between the lines the author's deep sympathy for the vast number of people who have suffered deeply from the war and his deep doubts about the value of war. "I held my clothes, stamped my feet, and blocked the road to cry, and the cry went up to the sky." The tragic voice and the huge and tragic scene were shocking. In particular, I made a brief sketch of the scene of family members running to block the road, holding their clothes and stamping their feet while crying. I used large strokes to render the yellow dust in the sky. As I read it, I felt the sounds of cars, horses neighing, and people shouting, all converging in my ears. A chaotic and loud noise. By extracting a small number of the most typical details, the poem summarizes the tragic scenes of the separation of wives and children caused by the ruler's numerous conquests, and is full of passion and sorrow. His "Climbing the Tower of Ci'en Temple with the Lords" directly predicted the endgame of "Mount Tai suddenly shattered, and Jingwei was inaccessible. Looking down at the tower, how can we distinguish the imperial state" based on what he saw on the tower, it seemed that the mountains and rivers of the Tang Dynasty The broken, stormy days are right in front of us, giving people a sense of heaviness.
The outbreak of the "Anshi Rebellion" brought huge disasters to society and people's lives. The poet felt sad for his country and people! He was always paying attention to social changes and recorded this social disaster.
"Sorrowful Chen Tao" is a poem that records the disastrous defeat of the Tang army and the Anshi rebels. The beginning of the poem summarizes the tragic situation on the battlefield: "The sons of good families in the ten counties of Mengdong, their blood is in the water of Chen Taoze." It points out that it is good people and common people who fought bravely for the country on the battlefield and sacrificed their lives in blood. Their blood stained Chen Taoze, and the entire army was annihilated, resulting in The wilderness therefore seemed extraordinarily empty, and the world seemed extraordinarily lonely. "There is no sound in the wilderness," not because of the peaceful and tranquil life, but because of the tragic ending of "forty thousand rebels died on the same day." This poem, in an atmosphere of sorrow for both heaven and earth, reproduces the major setbacks encountered by the Tang Dynasty in the peace trial. It has a strong summary power and a tragic artistic aesthetic appeal.
"Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" are a representative set of Yuefu poems that reflect the true situation of civil strife in the Tang Dynasty.
According to historical records, in the second year of Qianyuan, the nine military envoys of the Tang Army besieged the Anshi rebels in Yecheng. Because Suzong was suspicious of Guo Ziyi's command of the troops, he did not set up a unified command. As a result, the battle of Yecheng ended with the defeat of the Tang army. "Tokyo" The soldiers were frightened and fled to the valley. Cui Yuan was left behind, while Henan Yin Suzhen and other troops rushed south to Xiangdeng. The military governors were defeated and returned to their own towns. The soldiers looted and looted, and the officials could not stop it. "But the real situation will not be determined until ten days later. With this. In fact. Due to the defeat in Yecheng, the strength of the Tang army was sharply reduced, and it was necessary to quickly replenish troops. Therefore, the Suzong Dynasty began to recruit troops without restraint and rules. Soldiers and officials went everywhere to arrest Dingti people, regardless of age or sex. As long as they were useful, they became the targets of recruitment. For a while, people were panicked and the phenomenon of disturbing and harming the people was very serious. At this time, the poet was returning to his residence in Huazhou from Luoyang. He heard and witnessed the painful situation of the people who were killed after the tragic defeat in Yecheng, so he reflected the cruel reality in a highly refined and summarized way. This group of poems may be about officials clamoring for middle-aged men ("Xin'an Officials"), or about women being arrested late at night ("Shihao Officials"), or about newlywed men being arrested ("Wedding Farewell"), or about old people throwing themselves at each other. Lin Congjun's helpless and passionate feelings ("Farewell"), or the tragic life experience of soldiers who were drafted into the army for the second time ("No Home Farewell"), reflect the disaster of war in an all-round way, simple and sad. The language conveys the soul-stirring tragedy of that era, and the pen and ink of "Record" oozes epic power. Du Fu's poems like this can often allow readers to truly lead the way away from the noble feelings of a serious Confucian who is concerned about morality but not poverty.