However, Shen Congwen, the author of this paper, described the real life and environment of Taoyuan people for us from the reality, which made readers have a new understanding of the real Taoyuan and made it clear that the reality is cruel and cold. The Xanadu written by Tao Yuanming can only exist in literary works and people's imagination. Main contents: Part I (1): Starting with the influence of Peach Blossom Garden on people, the real customs of Taoyuan County are introduced.
The second part (2-3): Writing about the overall disorder of Taoyuan County in reality is in sharp contrast with the situation that "Ya" people come here to "visit the secluded place to explore the victory", which highlights the fiction and unreality of the fairyland. The third part (4-7): Writing about the human landscape of Taoyuan County, emphasizing its secular but wild and powerful beauty, highlighting the difference from the life landscape in the Peach Blossom Garden, and arousing people's deep thinking about the ideal and reality.
Good words and sentences: 1, take a boat from Taoyuan County back to Yuanshui. The boat went to Baimadu and headed for the south bank, forgetting the distance of the road. After a while, the Peach Blossom Garden was just around the corner. There are coffin shops, official pharmacies, teahouses and pubs, rice shops, monks and Taoist priests, brokers and matchmakers in the city. Most temples and ancestral halls are manned by troops, and armed comrades must stand guard outside. Tuzhan Tobacco House is protected by the local military and police because it pays taxes according to regulations.
On behalf of local production, there are dozens of jade works in the small street, which are dyed red with precious stones and cut into wine glasses and pen holders. The quality of the goods is average, but the price is not cheap. I am really ill, so I can't make a living by doing business. Sometimes I go to the western pharmacy for an injection, and I will stick it a few times at 6: 03, or ask the doctor to write a prescription and take cinnabar poria cocos for a while. As long as I can hold on, I will never sit down and eat rice.
(1) Original: Literati in Taoyuan and Yuanzhou all over China, probably from the Tang Dynasty, were destined to read a Peach Blossom Garden, so they regarded Taoyuan as a paradise. Everyone knows that the place was discovered by Wuling fishermen. Peach blossoms are in full bloom and the grass is delicious.
When the guests from afar arrived, the country people killed the chicken and warmed the wine to welcome them. Rural people are adherents who have lived in seclusion since the Qin Dynasty, and they don't know about the Han Dynasty, let alone the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
Scholars' impression of Taoyuan has not changed much for thousands of years, so whenever the country is weak and accidents happen, many people want to be adherents. This article has also increased many people's fantasies and increased many people's drinking capacity. As for the people who live there, no one thinks that they are adherents or immortals, and no one has seen them.
Taoyuan Cave is twenty-five miles away from Taoyuan County. Take a boat from Taoyuan County to the Yuan River. The boat went to Baimadu and headed for the south bank, forgetting the distance of the road. After a while, the Peach Blossom Garden was just around the corner.
Although the peach blossoms in that place are not very touching, the bamboo forest is very interesting. Like bamboo rafts and columns, poems carved with knives by predecessors can be seen everywhere.
Freshmen never give up, but also engrave the titles of English letters. Brave people lurking in the bamboo forest sometimes jump out from the roadside while waiting, imitating the heroic behavior in the water margin to make profits for tourists, which makes people unprepared and inevitably brings a little surprise.
Taoyuan county is similar to a small county in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. When entering the city gate, the most striking thing is the announcement of stamp duty and some kind of public debt. There are coffin shops, official pharmacies, teahouses and pubs, rice shops, monks and Taoist priests, brokers and matchmakers in the city. Most temples and ancestral halls are manned by troops, and armed comrades must stand guard outside. Tuzhan Tobacco House is protected by the local military and police because it pays taxes according to regulations.
On behalf of local production, there are dozens of jade works in the small street, which are dyed red with precious stones and cut into wine glasses and pen holders. The quality of the goods is average, but the price is not cheap. In addition, there is a place called Houjiang, where countless prostitutes, whether public or private, live seriously and run their own businesses.
Some people live in garden bungalows, while others live in empty boats. Although the place is dirty, it is very poetic. These women comforted the military and political circles with their naked bodies, and conquered the cigarette vendors, timber merchants, ship owners and all kinds of passers-by who went to the Yuanhuan River Basin on business.
Empty every customer's wallet, maintain many people's lives and promote local prosperity. As usual, the county magistrate is a scholar. I know from historical records that this is one of the oldest occupations of mankind. It existed before there was a county. Banning it does not conform to the "custom" and affects the lives of some people. Therefore, it is very legitimate to formulate some rules and regulations and collect a tax from these people (and use a beautiful term called "flowers") to supplement local administration, public security, or urban and rural areas with this money.
Since Taoyuan is a famous place, many "elegant" people naturally admire the ancient name of Taoyuan every year. In February and March, they went to Taoyuan County to inspect the victory with reference materials such as Selected Works of Tao Jing, Poetry Integration and Four Treasures of the Study. Before and after writing poems to Taoyuan Cave, these people will definitely have the opportunity to take a trip to the river, be instructed by friends or experts, sit in one room and another, light a cigarette and have a cup of tea.
Look at the woman you like, ask the market, spend three yuan and five yuan, and then spend the night in a dirty flower bed used by thousands of people, holding the poor woman's chest loose. Therefore, several untitled love poems were added to Ji You's poems, and allusions such as "Witch Girl", "Gao Han Xie Pei" and "Liu Ruan Tiantai" were quoted.
After seeing the peach blossom cave, if this person is usually cautious, he will feel that he should walk in front of the doctor, so he hurried home. As for the goddess who once received such a foreign "elegant" person, she may have received three Mayang sailors in succession the night before and accompanied two cowhide businessmen in Guizhou Province the night after.
As usual, these women may also be stragglers, bailiffs of the county government and secretaries of the public security bureau. Or a local hooligan has kept it for a long time. When the guests came, the man went to the cigarette shop for the night, and after the guests left, he came back to burn cigarettes for the women.
The number of prostitutes accounts for a large part of the population of this city. Therefore, it seems that for various reasons, their age is more unrestricted than other big cities.
Some people are over 50 years old, but they are unwilling to give up. They took their 16-and 17-year-old granddaughters to participate in this life struggle, and took turns to receive sailors and fire cases in the military camp every day. There are also people who are only 14 or 15 years old and haven't taken off their milk smell, and they are there to entertain guests for the night.
Their skill is burning opium smoke.
Some people didn't go to school. If everyone donates money for eating KFC, McDonald's, smoking and buying cosmetics, most people can go to school! But seeing people donate money so hard, I understand a kind of love in the world again!
When I saw parents educating their children, I understood a kind of love, that is, fatherly love and maternal love. When we saw the teacher educating the students, everyone felt annoyed at that time, but when they grew up, they understood, and they were all grateful to the teacher. I understand a kind of love again.
When our class's money was ill and didn't come to school, our class scraped together some money to visit her in the hospital ... I understood another kind of love-caring.
Seeing that children are greedy and cheap in small shops and come home, parents say their children are smart instead. So I understand another kind of doting.
Time is precious; Friendship is long-lasting; Life is colorful, so what about love? All kinds, everywhere, sincerely hope that parents all over the world.
3. Comment on Shen Congwen's Taoyuan and Yuanzhou 600 words Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden has been deeply rooted in people's hearts for thousands of years, and all readers who have read it yearn for this ideal paradise. However, Shen Congwen, the author of this paper, described the real life and environment of Taoyuan people for us from the reality, which made readers have a new understanding of the real Taoyuan and made it clear that the reality is cruel and cold. The Xanadu written by Tao Yuanming can only exist in literary works and people's imagination.
The first part (1): Starting with the influence of Peach Blossom Garden on people, the true customs of Taoyuan County are introduced.
The second part (2-3): Writing about the overall disorder of Taoyuan County in reality is in sharp contrast with the situation that "Ya" people come here to "visit the secluded place to explore the victory", which highlights the fiction and unreality of the fairyland.
The third part (4-7): Writing about the human landscape of Taoyuan County, emphasizing its secular but wild and powerful beauty, highlighting the difference from the life landscape in the Peach Blossom Garden, and arousing people's deep thinking about the ideal and reality.
(1) The sharp contrast between reality and ideal.
This article starts from the Peach Blossom Garden, and through the great influence of this article in people's minds, it leads to the local conditions and customs of Taoyuan in reality. Through the description of the environment and human landscape of Taoyuan in reality, people realize the cruelty and harshness of real life, which makes the ideal society like Taoyuan destroyed by the author and finally returns to reality, and also causes people to think deeply about the gap between ideal and reality.
(2) The language is accurate, vivid and rich in content.
The length of this article is not too long, but the content is all-encompassing. From the overall impression of Taoyuan to its specialties, business contacts, means of transportation, people's living conditions and the process of life struggle, to the flowers and plants in Taoyuan, and finally to the spiritual temperament of Taoyuan people, the author tries to contain rich contents in concise language, so that people can fully understand the customs of Taoyuan.
Peach Blossom Garden expresses Tao Yuanming's longing for a peaceful and peaceful life, reflects the people's desire to hate war and pursue a peaceful life, and shows the author's dissatisfaction with reality and yearning for an ideal society, as well as the strong contrast between the artistic conception of a peaceful and peaceful life and the dark society. Peach Blossom Spring is a spiritual sustenance of the author's dissatisfaction with reality. In Taoyuan and Yuanzhou, Shen Congwen preached the beauty and goodness of rural life and human nature. The simplicity of the people, the people's attention to labor, these beautiful spirits are worthy of praise.
China's classical prose, narration. Modern literature. 1) has a unique language expression of "wild". Some "rustic" and the infiltration of folk language in the works make sailors "insult their ancestors", and "all kinds of strange words … use them to insult others when they grow up". Writing characters in this way is true, natural, simple, cordial and vivid. 2) With the help of typical images. The "Taoyuan Paddle", which is specially equipped with all kinds of guests, is light in hull and fast, and will not have an accident. It is destined to be a traffic weapon in the Yuanshui River Basin. The boat in Taoyuan could have been known as a symbol of attracting people into the "Peach Blossom Cave" of the Great World, but here Shen Congwen tried his best to play up the role of the boat. In the Great Shui Yuan system, a boat is like a chess piece crossing a river, and its smallness and weakness are only appearances. When it is contained in the water system, it is the safest prince in the water, and the philosophy of life is worth pondering. 3) Narrative mode of traditional biography: one side of the soil and water nourish the other side. In the process of describing Shui Yuan ships, Shen Congwen sometimes introduced fashion celebrities who were born on the banks of Shui Yuan, and practiced the traditional biographical narrative mode of "one side of the water and soil, one side of the people". Qu Yuan, who first appeared in Silhouette of Taoyuan, was introduced in a typical way, and the surnamed tang students who died heroically in resisting oppression were compared with the locals who idled all day.
4. After reading Taoyuan and Yuanzhou, the rock walls, grottoes, docks, rivers, sailors, boats, sunset and clouds in the 80-character pen all have a leisurely and indifferent color, strolling leisurely on rice paper. There are only two main colors, black and white, but it has a multi-layered texture. Black and white, the picture is clear, concise and beautiful. The scenery is smart, beautiful and light, just like walking into a painting, but it is so real.
Peach blossoms, bamboo forests, orchids, women, tourists and sailors all have paintings. See how many vicissitudes the fallen flowers fly away beside the hidden moon, wandering alone, lost, looking back. Shen Lao inadvertently revealed his compassion and reflection in his light ink and light pen. It seems that there are landings everywhere, but there are no traces everywhere. People's eyes wander in the picture scroll, and their thoughts slowly precipitate under the art of "blank space"
Drunk in a canoe, letters flow to the depths of flowers. In the night surrounded by duck nests, those "dark stone heads like houses", "tall and towering mountains", "small bamboos on hills", "Two mountains are only faintly dark, and the twilight of the sky outlines an outline" and "Diaojiao Building with thirty feet of water on both sides" have been displayed to us for a month and a half, with clouds and ink stained and bamboo branches flowing. The blue waves are clear and the mountains are high, and the boat curtains are quiet and light. Isn't this the Night Scene of the River Embankment written by Dong Yuan, a painter in the Southern Tang Dynasty? The picture is beautiful and moving, which makes people "feel as if they have touched something in this world and understood something in this world, and their hearts are very soft."
5. After reading the word "Taoyuan and Yuanzhou" 1000, the literati's impression of Taoyuan has not changed much for more than a thousand years. So whenever the country is weak and accidents happen, many people want to be adherents. This article has also increased many people's fantasies and increased many people's drinking capacity.
As for the people who live there, no one thinks that they are adherents or immortals, and no one has met prostitutes who live in Taoyuan with adherents or immortals, and seafarers who talk wildly and sell their physical strength to make a living on the Shui Yuan. This is real life, which is very different from Tao Jingjie's peach blossom man who doesn't know how to live, but to some extent, it is so similar. They don't think as much as scholars, and they don't think about the meaning of life. Many elders say that we young people are too impetuous and anxious. People in the past didn't think much about how to live. But now, as we are only in our twenties, we have to consider buying a car and a house, and whether there are any promotion opportunities in our present job. Before finding a partner, we should figure out what to do with the children's milk powder money and education. Rich people are busy immigrating, and those without money don't want to be adherents.
No one knows what's going on in this society. We are only in our twenties, but we seem to see ourselves in their sixties and seventies and don't want to go.
6. Recommend good words and sentences about East Lake, drifting in the dreamy morning mist. Watching fishermen cast nets against the morning sun and paying attention to the warm green flowers looming in the fog. ...
However, I don't insist. Before I could lift the cameras, they were already submerged in the dense green bamboo sea.
Segment two, this river crosses heaven and earth and time and space.
Suddenly, one or two orioles passed by the bamboo forest, and the weeds on the shore were wet by the rain. Only a thin layer is left, and the yarn is usually laid on the river.
Take a strong picture of the last remnant fog with the camera. In the end, the heart is unwilling and mighty, and it has been eastward. I am not a returnee. In my imagination, the beach and the moon are broken.
In June, when we drove by the next day, the sun was shining brightly.
The fog has faded a lot, and Chengjiang is as quiet as practice. I should have seen the fragments of the poems of the Jianghu in Chenzhou.
I remember those sentences. So wonderful, unchanged for thousands of years, echoing on the river for a long time. ...
We drove by, and everyone exclaimed-fairyland, fairyland. I wrote it hundreds of years ago.
Picturesque. Like a dream.
What a pity!
Recently, the mood has been ups and downs, such as the storm in South Guangdong.
Layers of fog gather on the river, where the colors of the mountains are both there and there.
This water, with a little willingness to go with the flow, wants to give itself to the wind, get up early in the morning and rent a boat. A boat with a leaf. The distant mountains melt in the haze and have been sad. The sky in Guangzhou is gray and pleasant.
I think. This kind of scenery is indomitable. How many drops of water make up this quiet lake, vast river, boundless sea, and the blue water is dotted with several fishing nets.
I can't help but think of the last sentence of Huang Furan's "Gui Luo Shui": Who knows the singer? Find a farmhouse to live in. So quiet and peaceful.
This is really a paradise. Before the sun appeared, the morning fog on the river had risen halfway up the mountain, which should be a fragment of Tang poetry, and autumn was full of red leaves. It's beautiful. The red sun, so weak, scattered with red light.
So I told this idea to Sister Rong, Youyou.
This situation is really suitable for singing. Let the song cross the lake. Silence.
A piece of debris crossed the field, and no ship crossed it by itself.
What is this picture? As real as a dream and as beautiful as a poem.
It will always be love the water, who loves this weakness and is just a passer-by.
Fragments were scattered in the smoke. Will we come again?
Being in the mountains and rivers and looking up at the vast universe, I only feel a drop in the ocean. Just like this sentence, "Yu Xia scattered into the yee" but in my heart. In the new sunshine.
But in the early days, it should have been a mist, condensed on the river, but I can't remember. When it is full of kumquat, it is connected with the blue sky. The waves at the water's edge have no end, and then the sea. The Yangtze River. "
The last two sentences of Xie Tiao's poems are "Only when you have feelings will you miss your hometown. No one can change it. " Unfortunately, this is the most beautiful scenery in the whole Dongjiang Lake-the misty Dongjiang River, which is suitable for such an ethereal sound.
Like a fragment, a memory fragment, a dream fragment. No, it's not. It should be a fragment of a past life. All I see is sadness and trance.
I really want to find a paradise, a girl without sadness, or a cup of forgetting medicine to keep all the sadness and pain away from me, but I am very happy.
A leaf boat, quietly moored in the dense shade, quietly. After all, I have seen such beautiful scenery. Just a quick glance.
Three chardonnay scattered into odd pieces, chengjiang quiet as practice.
I said I had to get up early to watch the sunrise, as if I had been crushed. There are vague shadows on the water.
Smoke on a small continent in the water
7. The main content of Xiangxing's prose "Taoyuan and Yuanzhou" and "Taoyuan and Yuanzhou" tells the yearning of outsiders for the Peach Blossom Spring from the beginning of the peach blossom spring and the scholar's search for the peach blossom cave, but the peach blossom spring people don't think so.
Then describe all kinds of elegant anecdotes in Taoyuan City, describing the romance of clients and the bitterness of prostitutes, as well as tobacco trade and various local specialties. There are also lonely boatmen and vulgar boatmen: the helmsman, laymen and sailors in rowing boats, the wandering of Yuan River and the fragrant flowers and herbs in Qu Yuan's ci-fu, the relationship between Qu Yuan and Xiang River and the grass that accords with human feelings, the blood on the gates of Yuanzhou and the conflict between the city guards and the visitors in those days.
Shore guests go to the inn by themselves, and sailors go to have fun. It shows a desolate and distant painting of Xiangxi customs.
Extended data:
Taoyuan and Yuanzhou is one of the essays in Hunan. Auspicious San Ji is one of the representative works of Shen Congwen, a famous writer in China. This edition is not only Xiangxing San Ji, but also three parts: Xiangxing Letters, Xiangxing San Ji and Xinxiangjixing.
Taoyuan and Yuanzhou is a travel note written by the author when he returned to his hometown of Xiangxi in 1934. It shows the charming natural scenery and unique customs of Xiangxi, as well as the tragic life and spontaneous struggle of working people.
Beautiful language, meaningful style and strong local color. On the one hand, the works have the freedom that the prose works that pursue ideology and artistry do not have, from which we can understand the author's situation and inner contradictions and anguish at that time; On the other hand, the letters preserved in the three disasters of fire, water, sword and soldier are strong evidence of history and novels and essays created by the author.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-pictographic notes.
8. Auspicious San Ji is one of the representative works of Shen Congwen's prose collection. This edition is not only Xiangxing San Ji, but also three parts: Xiangxing Letters, Xiangxing San Ji and Xinxiangjixing. Shen Congwen's "Xiangxing San Ji" based on "Xiangxing Letters" was published in newspapers and magazines, and many singles were published. Excerpts from good words and sentences are as follows:
Excerpts from Shen Congwen's Notes on Xiangxing
( 1)? This moment is really quiet. I am reading a horrible poem for this silence. This is really poetry. The difference is that the emotion aroused by any good poem can't be so touching. At this time, my heart is transparent, and I want everything to go deeper. I'm reviewing everything about you. I'm a little surprised. When I silently read a chapter in my life, I was not only surprised. I weighed my luck and calculated, but it didn't make me clear at all. You occupy all my feelings. I lament this happiness. ?
Tea was poured by a girl of fifteen or sixteen. She has a long white face and bright black hair. Her waist is thin, her lips are small, her eyes are as clear as two crystal balls, and she keeps turning when she sees people? .
(3)? The richness of metaphors in his speeches is really like a river flowing forever.
(4)? This ship is a new one, oily yellow and clean enough to be used as a shrine of a church. I was lying very low, and I could hear the sound of water flowing under the boat. The front cabin is separated by boards, so I can avoid being blown by the wind. Sitting in the back, I can see all the sky, land and water behind the boat. I just miss you when I look at the water. When I am happy, I think I should be happy with you. When I am bored, I hope you are here, so I won't be bored. I have dinner with the shipowner. I hope you can eat in the corner.
(5)? Twenty years ago, the groom of an army in Lizhou cut off a soldier's head with a kitchen knife. Twenty years later, he had to disturb the three provinces to concentrate 100 thousand troops to solve this groom. Who will personally pay attention to this small program, who can personally imagine what human history is written in! ?
Extended data
Creative process
Xiangxing letters are the mother of Xiangxing San Ji, who is composed of a group of letters. 1934, because his mother was critically ill, Shen Congwen hurried back to Xiangxi. Before he left, he and his wife Zhang Zhaohe agreed to write a letter to her every day to report what they saw and heard along the way. This set of letters is the product of fulfilling this agreement. Xiang Xing San Ji was written based on the materials accumulated by these letters.
From Xiangxing Letters to Xiangxing San Ji, it provides us with an excellent example from materials to creation. Those words that record each other's thoughts are a true portrayal of the author's personality and emotions.
language feature
Prose collection. Shen Congwen wrote. Published in 1936. Collect eleven essays. It is a travel note written by the author 1934 when he returned to his hometown in Xiangxi. It shows the charming natural scenery and unique customs of Xiangxi, as well as the tragic life and spontaneous struggle of working people. Beautiful language, meaningful style and strong local color.
On the one hand, the book slips have the freedom that the prose works that pursue ideology and artistry do not have, from which we can understand the author's situation and inner contradictions and anguish at that time; On the other hand, the letters preserved in the three disasters of fire, water, sword and soldier are strong evidence of history and novels and essays created by the author.
Including articles
This book includes the following sketches: a friend wearing an otter fur hat, a night surrounded by Taoyuan, Yuanzhou and Duck Nest, 1934 1 month 18, an affectionate sailor and an affectionate woman, a sailor on a boat in Chenhe, Box Rock, five officers and a coal miner, and his wife and. To be sure, this is a large series that libraries, collectors and literature lovers must collect.
9. Excerpts and comments on good words and sentences Wang Guowei said: "There are no words in the Tang and Five Dynasties. There are famous sentences in the Southern Song Dynasty. " The relationship between "sentence" and "text" and their respective importance put forward by him in "thorns on earth" are of great guiding significance for improving and improving our poetry creation. In my opinion, for the present situation of poetry creation, it is as important as his theory of realm.
What do you mean, there is no sentence? In other words, we excessively pursue the carving of words, while ignoring the text structure and the whole soul of the whole poem. Although there is a beautiful sentence, it is only buried in the yellow sand. This is the most common mistake that we beginners make. You see, there are very few authors of China's Poems. If we spread out his words and turn them into single words, they are all beautiful words! If it is integrated into the words he wants to write, it is either inexplicable or magical. I don't know where he found these beautiful words. It seems that he copied them from a dictionary of beautiful words. What a pity these beautiful words are! Of course, there are also some writers who introduce contemporary rogue literature into poetry, deliberately using some vulgar and low-level words, with the intention of not sticking to the routine, so there are no words at all, let alone the great purpose of text structure! There is no poem, that is, there is no artistic conception that dominates the whole poem, and there is no realm at all. Even if there are good sentences, it is difficult to impress people.
What do you mean, no sentence? It is that the structure and conception of the text are good, but straightforward, without good sentences and poetic eyes. For example, my "Yesterday in Qinling" and "Driving into Qinling" are all guilty without a verdict. A poem, without good sentences and bright spots, is difficult to ignite the light that illuminates the soul in the reader's heart. If you can't impress people, what is poetry? When we write poetry, we don't have "helpless flowers falling, I feel familiar with Yan's return" or "flowing water falling in spring is heaven and earth!" Famous sentences that can be passed down through the ages should be sought after by some people, and there should be one or two unforgettable good sentences to tell the truth, truth and true feelings of "everyone has it in his heart, but no one in his population"! It is difficult to have a poem without sentences.
There is a poem and a sentence, which is a good poem, but it is not easy to do it. People who want to learn at first often pay attention to one thing and can't see another. That is to say, like the ancients, Master Wang praised only a few people, including Li Houzhu in the Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu in the Song Dynasty. Although, our descendants should not take this opportunity not to forge ahead!