abstract
"Yuefu", originally the name of the organ in charge of music, was first established in Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and there were Yuefu organs in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Its specific tasks are making music scores, collecting lyrics and cultivating musical talents. The source of lyrics
There are two kinds: some are specially made by literati; Part of it is collected from the people. Later, people called the poems collected by Yuefu organs Yuefu, or Yuefu poems and Yuefu words, so Yuefu changed from the official name to the poem name. The two best Yuefu poems are Mulan Poetry and Peacock Flying Southeast.
Brief introduction of the author
Guo Maoqian was a programmer in Yunzhou (now Dongping, Shandong Province) (History of Song Dynasty, volume 297, Guo Quanchuan). Advise sun, source. In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Zongshen joined the army for Cao Fa, an official of Henan Province (Volume 59, epitaph). Yuefu poetry has been handed down from generation to generation for hundreds of volumes, so it has attracted the attention of academic circles.
Poetry classification
Yuefu Poetry Collection divides Yuefu poems into 12 categories, such as Jiaomiao Ci, Sheyan Ci, Advocacy Ci, Hengchui Ci, Harmony Ci, Qing Dynasty Ci, Dance Ci, Qin Ci, Miscellaneous Ci, Modern Style Ci, Miscellaneous Ci and New Yuefu Ci. Among them, it is divided into several small categories, such as cross blowing. Among these different kinds of music, Jiao Miao Qu and She Yan Qu belong to the movements used by the court, and their ideological content and artistic skills are not satisfactory. There are also some works with poor artistic value in advocacy songs and dance songs. But on the whole, most of its collections are excellent folk songs and poems written by literati with old Yuefu poems. Among the existing poetry collections, Yuefu Poetry is an important work which was written earlier and collected all kinds of Yuefu poems in past dynasties.
contribution
The important contribution of Yuefu Poetry Collection is to collect and classify the songs of past dynasties according to their tunes, so that many works can be written into books. This provides great convenience for the collation and research of Yuefu poems. For example, some excellent folk songs in the Han dynasty, such as Shang Mo Sang and Dongmenxing, can be found in Song Shu? Yue Zhi and Peacock Flying Southeast are found in Yu Tai Xin Yong, and some of them are scattered in books and other classics, which are collected and recorded by editors. In particular, some ancient folk songs and proverbs are generally found in various historical books, some academic works and miscellaneous songs, which are mostly ignored by the former. As for Du's later works, such as Old Proverbs, they are much later than this book, and they are obviously compiled on its basis. Mulan Poetry and Peacock Flying Southeast are collectively called Yuefu Shuangbi. Its arrangement is to put the "archaic poems" of each tune (poems written earlier by anonymous) or poems that appeared earlier in front, and the works of later generations are listed later, so that readers can understand that some literati poems are influenced by folk songs or previous generations of literati. For example, the songs of harmony, autumn dew and Hao Li are in Song Shu? There are only Cao Cao's sketches in the book Le Zhi, but there are ancient poems of Han Dynasty in this book. Although Cao Cao's proposed work is higher than "Ancient Ci" in ideological content and artistic skills, it is far from obvious to explain the origin and original intention of this piece. Another example is the tune "Shang Mo sings". Only the drafts of Cao Cao and Cao Pi and Jin Yue's rewriting of Qu Yuan's nine songs are recorded in the Book of Music. Shan Gui's poems; As for the ancient words in Shang Mo Sang, they belong to the category of Daqu. In Yuefu poetry, the ancient poems are recorded first, so that readers can understand that the works of Cao Cao and others are just new words based on the tunes of ancient poems. This book also includes various poems written for Sang by later generations, such as Picking Sang, Ge Yanxing, Luo Fuxing, Sunrise in the Southeast Corner, A Trip to Japan, etc. This shows the influence of Sang on later literati. Another example is that Lu Ji's poem Ode to the East and Bao Zhao's Ode to the East are arranged together, which shows that the same tune can form all kinds of poems with completely different contents. Poems in Yuefu poems are classified by musical tunes, and some tunes have influenced the music of later generations. For example, Plum Blossom Falls in Han Dynasty Blowing Songs and Difficult to Walk in Miscellaneous Songs are only the earliest songs put forward by Bao Zhao, but the editor still classifies Plum Blossom Falls as Han Dynasty Blowing Songs, and quotes Chen Wu Biezhuan in the description of Difficult to Walk, pointing out that this song was popular among northern herders before Wei and Jin Dynasties, indicating its early age. It reflects the influence of folk songs on literati poetry and the relationship between music and poetry, and points out the inheritance relationship between the music of the previous generation and the music of the later generations for the same theme of all kinds of music. For example, Huang Dansi in "The Song of Drum and Beam Blowing Across the Wind", the editor quoted Chen Shizhi's "Ancient and Modern Music Record" as "The Song of Huang and Han Dynasty Blowing Across the Wind". Yuefu Poetry Collection gives a detailed introduction and explanation of the origin, nature and musical instruments used in singing. These explanations in the book quoted many lost articles, such as Liu Song and Zhang Yong's Records of Zheng Shengyuan's Ci, Wang Sengqian's Records of Nanqi's Ci, Chen Shizhi's Records of Ancient and Modern Music, and so on, which preserved many precious historical materials. This is of great value to the study of the history of literature and music. But some of them may be hearsay and unreliable.
disadvantaged
Yuefu poetry also has many shortcomings. Here are a few examples: Ji Yun in Qing Dynasty pointed out that it was inappropriate to include some literati's poems in Yuefu. In addition, because it focuses on the melody, the recorded lyrics are often inconsistent with the narrative about the melody. For example, the editor of "Shui Dui Ge" in "Modern Lyrics" thinks that it is the time for Yang Di to visit Jiangdu, but the author is not indicated in the book. In fact, I'm afraid these lyrics are all mixed from the works of the Tang Dynasty. For example, the second poem "Rupo" is obviously a poem by Du Fu. Modern scholars have also argued about the classification of the book, such as the boundary between the harmony songs in the book and the Qing business songs. In The Beauty of China and Its History, Liang Qichao thinks that the Qing merchants are the three tunes of the Qing merchants in the Han and Wei Dynasties, while Guo Maoqian calls wusheng songs and western songs "the songs of the Qing merchants" and classifies them into the three tunes of the Qing merchants in the Han and Wei Dynasties. I don't agree with Liang's view that the songs of the Han Dynasty have been lost, and there are eleven "harmony songs" in the three tunes of Wei and Jin Dynasties. As for the tunes of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, they are no longer circulated, so they are listed as only the southern folk songs recorded after the Jin Dynasty (The Source of Three Sounds of Song Xianghe and Song Xianghe and Answer to Mr. Zhu Peixian's On Qing Merchants).
The earliest version
Yuefu Poetry, the earliest edition printed in Zhejiang at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, is now in the National Library of China, and there are no 19-34 and 96- 100 volumes, of which 27-34 volumes are supplemented by the Qing manuscripts, the rest are supplemented by the block-printed editions in the first year from Yuan Dynasty to Zheng Dynasty, and the other residual volume is stored in Shanghai Library, with 84 volumes. In the Yuan Dynasty, the Confucian version of Qing Ji Road appeared in the first year of Zheng Zhi, and it was not until the Ming Dynasty that it was revised and printed. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a printed version of the pavilion at the end of the Ming Dynasty, which was carved according to the Yuan version, and Mao Yi, the son of Jin Mao, dug and changed it according to the Song version, so the printed version of the pavilion was handed down earlier, but the printed version was better. In the workshops of the Qing Dynasty, there were only books engraved with ancient pagodas. Song Benyou 1955 was photocopied by Literature Ancient Books Publishing House, and Jigu Pavilion was photocopied into four series.
20 10 version
Book title: Yuefu Poems
(1-4) (Fu Zengxiang Song Edition) Author: Guo Maoqian Publishing House: People's Literature Publishing House Publication Time: 2010-2-1ISBN: 978702007762 Format: 16 Price: 2/kloc-0.
brief Introduction of the content
Guo Maoqian has compiled Yuefu poems of the Northern Song Dynasty 100 volume, which can be divided into symphonic songs, She Yan songs, advocacy songs, cross-cutting songs, harmony songs, Shang Qing songs, dance songs, Qin Dian songs, miscellaneous songs, modern songs, miscellaneous songs and new Yuefu songs 12. It has collected more than 5,000 pieces of music and literature before the Song Dynasty, which is of great poetic value. What is particularly valuable is that the four volumes of Modern Ci-Hua include the newly developed Ci-Hua of Yan Yue in Sui and Tang Dynasties, which provides an important reference for investigating the origin of Ci-Hua style. Folk songs in Yuefu poems are its essence. The content of folk songs is very rich, reflecting a wide range of social life. The class contradiction between the landlord class and the working people in the Han Dynasty was extremely acute, and the working people lived a very miserable life under the feudal system. Poetry reflects the important social understanding of Yuefu folk songs, such as protesting against the cruel rule of rulers, exposing various social abuses and crying about their tragic fate. At the same time, the working people are linked by the same fate and feelings, resulting in all kinds of love. So they use poetry to reflect their lives and express their thoughts and feelings. In this process, they reflect the strong social consciousness value and high ideological content of Yuefu folk songs. First, Yuefu folk songs directly expose the ugly face of the ruling class, accuse the working people of their tragic fate, resist the ruling class, and some scenes of struggle. This kind of works include Cockcrow, Meet, Pinglingdong, Women's Disease, Joining the Army in the Fifteenth Five-Year Plan, Resistance, East Gate and Mulberry on the Stranger. Second, the oppression of peasants by the feudal class is not only reflected in politics and economy, but also in feudal ethics. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the spiritual shackles of the "Three Cardinals and Five Permanences" have been severe and comfortable for the working people, especially women. There are many chapters in Yuefu poems that reflect the fate of women, and "going up the mountain to pick novels" is a typical example. Third, show healthy and pure love. The love between men and women is a common genre in poetry, among which Jiangnan, evil and thinking are particularly outstanding in Australia. There are also some reactions to the anxiety, wandering pain and negative emotions caused to intellectuals in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. This is mainly Vu Thang, where the dead fish cry over the river, Man Gexing, Ximenxing and so on. Among them, the first two poems are unique in the form of allegorical poems. Information names of mulberry works recommended by famous works. In the era of Sang, the poetry genre of Yuefu, the author of the Han Dynasty, originated from the original work of Yuefu, and Sang's original work "Roses in the Southeast Corner, According to My Qin Lou". Qin has a good daughter who calls herself Luo Fu. Luo Fu is good at raising silkworms and picking mulberry in the south corner of the city. Moss is a cage system and cassia twig is a cage hook. There is a bun on the head and a bright moon in the ear. Qi is the lower skirt and Qi is the upper skirt. When Monkey saw Luo Fu, he straightened his shoulders and smoothed his moustache. When the teenager saw Luo Fu, he took off his hat and hung his head. The tiller forgets to plow, and the hoe forgets to hoe. In spite of resentment, he sat watching Luo Fu. You come from the south, and five horses stand upright. Your majesty sent officials to ask whose family it was. "Qin has a good daughter who calls herself Luo Fu." "What is the date of Luo Fu?" "Twenty is not enough, fifteen is quite enough." Your Majesty thanked Luo Fu: "Would you rather recite it?" Luo Fu preface: "You are such a fool! The monarch has his wife, and Luo Fu has his husband. Thousands of people ride the east, and the husband is at the top. What's the use of knowing your husband? A pony's white horse; Hair tied with ponytail, horsehead covered with gold; Deer sword, a deer in the waist, can be worth more than 10 million. A petty official in the fifteenth mansion, a doctor in the twentieth dynasty, an assistant in the thirty, and a resident in the forty cities. People are clean and white, and they have many needs. Ministry of Industry and Service of Ying Ying, Ran Ran and Zhong Chao. There are thousands of people sitting inside, and they all say that their husbands are different. " The sound and meaning of words are difficult to read (yú), and the pronunciation angle of words should be applied (fū), cage system (x ū), Japanese (wū), Japanese (duò), bun (j ò), xiāng, Qi (qǐ), Lu (L ǐ). Mulberry: Nouns as verbs pick mulberries. [Southeast corner]: refers to the south of the east. Angle, azimuth, angle. China is in the northern hemisphere, and gradually southward from summer to the future, so the sunrise is in the southeast corner. [Like sericulture]: I am good at sericulture and mulberry picking. Hey, some books are "good" [Green silk is cage-made]: Use black silk as the rope on the basket. Cages, baskets. Tie a rope (a rope wrapped around a basket). Cage hook: a tool. Mulberry picking is used to hook mulberry branches and pick bamboo baskets when walking. [Japanese style falling bun]: That is, falling bun, with the bun on one side, in a falling shape. Lie more and rhyme more. [Ear Moon Beads]: Wear earrings made of orbs. Bright moon, the name of the sphere. Qi Qi: Light yellow silk with patterns. [Yan]: short coat. Take up the burden and stroke your beard > Put down the burden and stroke your beard (and the next poem is about ecstasy). Stroke. Stroke. The beard above the moustache. Beard: A long beard on the chin. [Take off your hat and put it on your head]: Take off your hat and only wear a scarf. In ancient times, men wore hats. They tie their hair with headscarves first, and then wear hats. Look, put it on. Pinch head, the headscarf tied by ancient men. [Sitting]: Because, because. "Shi" is a general term for satrap and secretariat in Han Dynasty. [Five Horses]: It refers to five horse-drawn vehicles that (the envoy) rides. The satrap of the Han Dynasty traveled in five carriages. [wandering]: the way to wander. Also called "hesitation". [Love]: Beauty. [Xie]: This means "I'm sorry". [Prefer]: I am willing. (No): Pass the word "No". [Yihe]: No way. [Oriental]: refers to the place where the husband is an official. [Thousands of riders]: Generally refers to people who follow their husbands. [At the front]: At the front. It means high status and respect. [What's the use]: What to use (mark). Pony: A black pony. This refers to horses. [Golden Wrapped Horsehead]: Horsehead wears a golden halter. Collateral, here refers to winding with mesh. Lulujian: The hilt is wrapped in silk brocade, like Lu Lu. Pulley Lulu is an instrument for pumping water from a well. More than 10 million yuan: thousands (money). [Small official]: a small official of the Taishou government. Some books are "mini history". Doctor Chao: a senior civil servant in the imperial court. Han dynasty palace name, doctor. Assistant minister zhong, the bodyguard who enters and leaves the palace. [Living in a special city]: As the chief executive of a city (such as Taishou). ). exclusive [white]: refers to white skin. ののののののののの: The beard is sparse and long, and the beard is sparse. White flour and beard are the standard of ancient handsome men. Quite; A little bit. Yingying: dignified and beautiful. (Ran Ran): Take your time. [Official Step]: Wear the official school and walk with measured steps. [Extraordinary]: Excellent, different and extraordinary. [Note]: Same as "address", that is, answer. "Thank you", "Jiangnan" and "Song of Chile" all have famous sayings. Jiangnan can pick lotus leaves, and why "Jiangnan" is full of white bones. There are no crows in a thousand miles. Artemisia argyi worked hard when he was young, but his old disciple was sad. The autumn wind is bleak, the weather is cool, and the vegetation is shaken and exposed to frost. Grasslands on both sides of Qinghe River are covered with Philip Burkart Road.
catalogue
Reading Guide Sinology is the editor's words with us: Yuefu Poetry Volume 1 Jiaomiao Song Poetry Volume Heaven and Earth in and out of Tianma Tianmen Qingyang Jingxing Flower Flower Volume 2 Chongge Zhu Luzhan Nan Wushan Gaoshangling thought about the evil placement, looking back on the platform, Zhannan Zhannan will enter the wine, Volume 3 will blow the classic Mulan poem and fold the willow, purple and plum blossoms. Roll four harmony songs, climb the hills in the south of the Yangtze River without crossing the river, overlook the sea, drink horses in Dongguang, the Great Wall Grottoes, sang in Long song, sang in Long song, sang Artemisia, sang tiger, drank wine on the tiger, sang Yan, an old military song, bowed to the north, bitter words about yu zhang, and stayed in the pond. Women's sprint Noda Huangque Line Noda Huangque Line Gate has Wan Li passenger running gate, carriage and horse running gate, carriage and horse running gate, and it is difficult to travel through Shu Road. It's hard to sing hoary head, it's hard to sing hoary head, it's hard to sing hoary head. Yin Zhaojun's Yan Song has two lines of complaint, lines of complaint, lines of complaint and lines of complaint. Volume 5: Song of Midnight, Song of Midnight, Song of Four Seasons, Song of Ding Duhu, Spring Flowers, Moonlight, Spring Rebellion in Yushu Back Garden, Qu Bapu, two seven-night female songs, six dance songs, three women in the East China Sea, three lonely stories, seven piano songs, a song of water, Qiu Si mountain people urging people to drink, and flying north in spring. Eight Miscellaneous Songs were written by Ji Beimen, and it is unlucky for a gentleman to think about it. People's Spring Travel Long-month Travel Synchronous Song of Youth Traveller, Woman's Leisure Warrior's Dress-up: The song of Shrike flies eastward, the song of tree grass and the song of Jingzhou of Sauvignon Blanc are hard to go, the sad song of three farewell songs is hard to go for a long time, Jack's youth field trip Dong Jiaorao's wife is sitting in the night of picking flowers in Khotan, singing ancient songs, leaving alone and watching love poems, Volume 9. Dai Qu Ci Collection Liaodong Hangdu Liaoshui yesterday's salt was clear and the water was flat, three tears were heard, two songs recalled Jiangnan three-word palace drama, ten miscellaneous songs, chick songs, Mrs. Qi songs, autumn wind songs, Zhongshan obedient concubine songs, Xiongnu songs, Xunzi songs, two Sima generals' military songs, eleven new music songs, and an old Luoyang girl's song, Sadness, Qingban's love for Jiang Tou, Love for Looking at Sun, selling charcoal Weng's six, Five Fortresses, Two Daughters's Songs, and Today is a good day to drive. There are strange trees in the banquet hall. Driving to the east gate at dusk, you can see the bright moon. The east gate is tall and long, and it is cold in winter. Guests from afar, the moon is in the sky.