First, "Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellaneous (I)":
1, original:
During the day, weeding in the fields and rubbing hemp thread at home at night, the men and women in the village took on all the housework.
Children and grandchildren are not prepared to farm and weave, but also learn to plant melons on the shady side of mulberry trees.
(2) Explanation:
Go out to plow during the day and come back to rub hemp rope at night. Both men and women shoulder the burden of family.
Children don't understand why they should farm, and they also plant melons under mulberry trees like adults.
(3) Appreciation of works:
Pastoral Miscellanies of Four Seasons is a group of large-scale family poems written by the poet after he retired from his hometown. There are 60 poems in total, which describe the rural scenery and farmers' life in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and also reflect the exploitation and hardship of farmers. This is one of them, which describes a scene of rural summer life.
The first sentence says: weeding in the fields during the day and rubbing hemp thread at night. "Tillage" means weeding. In early summer, the seedlings need weeding. This is what men should do. "Ji Ma" refers to women who rub twine and weave cloth at night after finishing other work during the day. This sentence directly wrote the labor scene.
In the second sentence, "children in the village mind their own business", "children" refers to men and women, and the whole poem uses the tone of an old farmer, and "children" refers to young people. "Being in charge" means that both men and women are not allowed to be idle and mind their own business. In the third sentence, "children and grandchildren are not prepared to farm and weave", and "children and grandchildren" refer to those children who can neither farm nor weave, but are not idle.
They have been in contact with and love labor since childhood, so they "learn to grow melons by mulberry shade", that is, they learn to grow melons under the lush mulberry trees. This is a common phenomenon in rural areas, but it is quite distinctive. The conclusion shows the naive interest of rural children. With a fresh style, the poet described the tense labor atmosphere in the early summer in the countryside in a more delicate way, which made it interesting to read.
(4) About the author:
Fan Chengda: (1126-1193) Poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. Zi Zhi was born in Pingjiang, Wu Jun (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). Shaoxing twenty-four years (1 154), a scholar. He was appointed as Huizhou secretariat to join the army and was transferred to the Ministry of Rites as foreign minister. Later, he learned about the country, reduced taxes and built water conservancy projects, which was quite successful.
Avenue for six years (1 170), he used the official title of living in Lang Mansion and pretending to be a university student to fill out a letter as an envoy in the Prime Minister's Hall and send it to the State of Jin. In order to change the etiquette of accepting the imperial edict of the State of Jin and ask for the "tomb" in Henan, Fan Chengda "generously donated money" in the State of Jin, and the camera was smashed, thus maintaining the prestige of Song Ting. He came back from the whole festival and wrote it.
Later, he served as CEO of Jingjiang, Xiandu and Jiankang. In Xichun, the official took part in political affairs. He left his job two months later because he was accompanied by filial piety. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in his hometown of Shihu. Fan Chengda, Lu You, Yang Wanli and You Mao are also called the four great masters of the Southern Song Dynasty.
When he wrote poetry, he started from Jiangxi Poetry School, then got rid of the bondage and influence of Jiangxi Poetry School, widely learned from famous poets in Tang and Song Dynasties, and finally became his own family. His poems have a wide range of themes, and his works reflecting the content of rural social life have the highest achievements. His pastoral poems generally describe the vast life in the countryside and the sufferings of farmers, which have profound social content and at the same time show a quiet and leisurely pastoral life. They are the epitome of China's ancient pastoral poems.
His patriotic poems make a volume of quatrains of Jin En's line the most valuable. What best embodies the characteristics of his poems is his 60 poems "Four Seasons and Pastoral Miscellaneous Interest" written in his later years. This group of poems comprehensively and profoundly describes the scenery, customs and habits of the four seasons in rural areas, and reflects the hard work and hard life of farmers. His poetry style is delicate and graceful, gentle and elegant, full of folk songs.
His prose was also famous at that time. Ci is close to Qin Guan, and his later works are close to Su Shi. Fan Chengda's works had a significant influence in the late Southern Song Dynasty, especially in the early Qing Dynasty. At that time, there was a saying that "the sword is in the south and the lake is in the lake". Yang Wanli once said in the preface to Fan Chengda's Collected Works: "As for poetry, it is fresh and beautiful, and there is Bao Xie in it, which is cool and majestic, and bravely pursues Taibai." There are poems such as Shihu Jushi and Shihu Ci that have been passed down from generation to generation.