Original text of Jiangnan Spring:
Thousands of miles away, the orioles are singing, the green is reflected in red, and the wine flags are blowing in the mountains and rivers of water. There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasty, and there are many towers in the mist. Translation and annotations of Jiang Nanchun
Translation The sounds of birds chirping in the south of the Yangtze River are reflected by the green grass and red flowers, and wine flags are fluttering everywhere in the villages near the water and in the city walls at the foot of the mountains. There are more than 480 ancient temples and countless towers left over from the Southern Dynasties, all shrouded in wind, smoke, clouds and rain.
Notes 1. Yingwei: that is, the song of orioles and swallows. 2. Guo: Outer city. This refers to towns. 3. Wine flag: A small flag hung in front of the door as a mark of the hotel. 4. Southern Dynasties: refers to the Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen regimes that successively confronted the Northern Dynasties. 5. Four hundred and eighty temples: The emperors and big bureaucrats of the Southern Dynasties loved Buddhism and built large Buddhist temples in the capital (now Nanjing City). According to "Southern History·Xunli·Guo Zushen Biography": "There are more than 500 Buddhist temples under the capital." The four hundred and eighty temples mentioned here are imaginary numbers. 6. Pavilion: Pavilion and pavilion. This refers to the temple building. 7. Misty rain: drizzle, like smoke and mist. Translation and Notes of Jiangnan Spring 2
Rhyme Translation The spring scenery of the vast Qianli Jiangnan is picturesque, with singing and dancing swallows and green leaves against the bright red flowers. The wine flags of Shuicun Mountain are fluttering in the spring breeze. How many Buddhist temples in the Southern Dynasties are shrouded in mist and rain?
Loose translation In Qianli Jiangnan, there are singing and dancing birds everywhere, there are green trees and red flowers that complement each other, there are villages near the water, there are city walls nestled against the mountains, and there are wine flags fluttering in the wind everywhere. In the past, there were deep temples filled with cigarette smoke, but now the vicissitudes of pavilions and pavilions stand in the hazy mist and rain.
Notes 1: Orioles cry in Yan language. 2 Guo: Outer city. This refers to towns. Liquor Flag: A small flag hung in front of the hotel to mark the hotel. 3 Southern Dynasties: refers to the Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen regimes that successively confronted the Northern Dynasties. Four Hundred and Eighty Temples: Emperors and big bureaucrats of the Southern Dynasties loved Buddhism and built large Buddhist temples in the capital (now Nanjing City). According to "Southern History·Xunli·Guo Zushen Biography": "There are more than 500 Buddhist temples under the capital." The four hundred and eighty temples mentioned here are imaginary numbers. 4. Pavilion: Pavilion and pavilion. This refers to the temple building. Misty rain: drizzle, like smoke and mist. Appreciation of "Jiang Nanchun"
This song "Jiang Nanchun" has been famous for thousands of years. The four-line poem not only describes the richness and variety of the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but also describes its vastness, depth and confusion.
"Thousands of miles of orioles are singing, the green is reflected in red, and the wine flags in Shuicunshanguo are winding." At the beginning of the poem, it is like a fast-moving movie camera, passing over the southern land: in the vast thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River, orioles are singing happily, and the bushes are full of flowers. Clusters of green trees reflect clusters of red flowers; villages near the water, city walls nestled against the mountains, and wine flags fluttering in the wind are all in sight. The charming Jiangnan, dyed with the poet's wonderful pen, becomes even more heart-stirring. The reason for the swaying, in addition to the magnificence of the scenery, is probably also because this magnificence is different from a certain garden scenic spot, which is only limited to a corner, but because this magnificence is spread over a large piece of land. Therefore, if there is no word "Qianli" at the beginning, these two sentences will be less interesting. However, Yang Shen of the Ming Dynasty said in "Sheng'an Poetry Talk": "Who can hear the orioles singing for thousands of miles? Who can see the green and red for thousands of miles? If it is ten miles away, the orioles will sing green and red, and the villages, towers, and Monks, temples, and wine flags are all included." Regarding this opinion, He Wenhuan once refuted this opinion in "Research on Poems of the Past Dynasties": "Even if you write ten miles, you may not be able to hear or see everything." The title says "Jiangnan". "Spring", the south of the Yangtze River is thousands of miles away, and in the thousands of miles, the orioles are singing and the green is reflected, there are no wine flags in the water villages and mountains, and most of the 480 temples and towers are in the mist and rain. The meaning of this poem is broad, and it cannot be specific. One place, so the general name is "Jiangnan Spring"..." He Wenhuan's statement is correct. This is due to the need for a typical summary of literature and art. The same principle applies to the last two sentences. "In the Four Hundred and Eighty Temples of the Southern Dynasty, there are many towers in the mist and rain." From the first two sentences, the orioles are chirping, the red and green contrast with each other, and the wine flags are fluttering. It should be a scene on a sunny day, but these two sentences clearly mention the mist and rain, just because it is thousands of miles away. Within the scope, the weather is different everywhere. However, what needs to be seen is that the poet used typical techniques to grasp the characteristics of Jiangnan scenery. Jiangnan is characterized by mountains and rivers, dark willows and bright flowers, intricate tones, rich layers and a three-dimensional feel. While shrinking the size of the poem, the poet focused on expressing the colorful and beautiful scenery of the south of the Yangtze River in spring. In the first two sentences of the poem, there are red and green colors, mountains and rivers, villages and city walls, movement and stillness, sounds and colors. But these alone seem not to be rich enough, and they only depict the bright side of the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. So the poet added a wonderful stroke: "There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and there are so many towers in the mist and rain." The splendid Buddhist temple with its numerous buildings originally gave people a sense of depth, but now the poet deliberately made it hidden in the mist. In the misty mist and rain, this adds a hazy and confusing color. This kind of picture and tone, combined with the bright and gorgeous scenery of "thousands of miles of orioles croaking against the green and red, and the wind of wine flags in the mountains and rivers of water", make this "Jiangnan Spring" picture even more colorful. The word "Southern Dynasties" adds a distant historical color to this picture. "Four hundred and eighty" is a Tang Dynasty way of saying that emphasizes large numbers. The poet first emphasizes that there is more than one Buddhist temple with magnificent architecture, and then adds the exclamation "how many towers are in the mist and rain", which is particularly fascinating.
Du Mu is particularly good at painting gorgeous and moving pictures in just four sentences and twenty-eight characters, presenting a deep and beautiful artistic conception, expressing subtle and profound emotions, and giving people a sense of wonder. The enjoyment of beauty and the enlightenment of thought.
"Jiang Nanchun" reflects that the aesthetics in Chinese poetry and painting transcend time and space, are indifferent and free and easy, and have the "sudden enlightenment" thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Zen, and they mostly express poems that are nostalgic, nostalgic, reclusive, and freehand. Affection.
Differences in Appreciation
Regarding the purpose of the quatrains in "Jiang Nanchun", there is a big difference in whether or not the ancient poems are used to satirize the present.
Some researchers have put forward the "irony theory", believing that the emperors of the Southern Dynasties were famous for being Buddhists in Chinese history, and that Buddhism in Du Mu's era also developed viciously, and Du Mu also had anti-Buddhist thoughts. Therefore the last two sentences are sarcastic. Some people think that the main purpose is to promote Confucianism and exclude Buddhism, to express worries about the rulers' inability to govern the country and Buddhism to mislead the country; or they think that the main purpose is to use the past to satirize the present, and to satirize the rulers' excessive construction and construction of Buddhist temples, which will lead to the weakening of the country's power, the decline of people's livelihood, and aggravation of social crises. They believe that the poets of the late Tang Dynasty had a feeling of concern for the country and the people. There was a lot of irony in their aesthetics, and the connotation of their poems was also richer.
Some researchers disagree. They just think that this poem only describes the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan and expresses the poet's praise and fascination for the scenery of Jiangnan. To understand poetry, we should first start from the artistic image and should not make abstract inferences. Du Mu's opposition to Buddhism does not necessarily mean that he also dislikes Buddhist temple buildings left over from history. When he was in Xuanzhou, he often visited Kaiyuan Temple and other places. I also visited some temples in Chizhou and made friends with monks. Famous poems, such as "Yunzhe Temple on Jiuhua Mountain Road, Liufu Bridge on the Qingyi River", "Where spring rain sings leisurely in the autumn mountains, leaning against the towers of Jiangnan Temple", all show that he still appreciates the towers of Buddhist temples. The creative background of Jiang Nanchun
In the late Tang Dynasty when Du Mu lived, the Tang Dynasty was on the verge of collapse. The separatist rule of feudal lords and towns, the dictatorship of eunuchs, and the factional struggle between Niu and Li... gradually eroded the power of this giant. Body.
On the other hand, after Xianzong came to power, he was obsessed with his little achievements such as pacifying Huaixi. He dreamed of the spring and autumn dream of immortality and devoted himself to the Buddha. Table", almost lost his life. After Xianzong was killed by an eunuch, his successors Mu Zong, Jingzong, and Wenzong promoted Buddhism as usual. The number of monks and nuns continued to increase, and the temple economy continued to develop, which greatly weakened the strength of the Communist Party and increased the burden on the country.
When Du Mu came to Jiangnan (Jiangyin, Jiangsu) this year, he couldn't help but think of the piety of the Southern Dynasties, especially the Liang Dynasty, in serving Buddhism. In the end, it was all in vain. Not only did he not seek immortality, but he harmed the country and the people. It is not only a tribute to history and nostalgia for the past, but also a tactful admonition to the rulers of the Tang Dynasty. Later, Wu Zong launched Huichang to exterminate Buddhism, which alleviated the contradiction to a certain extent.
This is a well-known landscape poem. A small space paints a broad picture. It does not focus on a specific place, but focuses on the unique scenery of the entire Jiangnan, so it is titled "Jiangnan Spring".
The first sentence, "Thousands of miles away, the oriole crows and the green reflects the red" shows the natural scenery of Jiangnan from the beginning. "Thousands of miles" is a summary of the vast Jiangnan. There are chirping orioles everywhere here, and the boundless green leaves set off the bright red flowers. This vivid and vibrant scenery is naturally unique to Jiangnan. The second sentence "Shui Cun Shan Guo Wine Flag Wind" describes the unique topography of the south of the Yangtze River. There are villages near the water and city walls against the mountains. In the spring breeze, the wine flags are fluttering gently. What a beautiful Jiangnan this is!
One or two sentences describe the sunny scene, and three or four sentences describe the rainy scene. "There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and there are many towers in the mist and rain." In the light rain of spring, there is a different scenery. Amidst the beautiful mountains and rivers, there are hundreds of Buddhist temples left over from the Southern Dynasties. These splendid Buddhist temples with numerous buildings are shrouded in misty mist and rain, looming and appearing, seeming to be absent, adding a hazy and confusing color to the spring in the south of the Yangtze River. "Four hundred and eighty" is an imaginary number, not a real reference. It highlights the number of Buddhist temples and satirizes the emperor's reliance on Buddhism. Which should refer to the Wukong Temple currently located in Qingyang Town, Jiangyin.
The whole poem uses a highly summarized style of writing to outline the scenery of the Jiangnan area and depict the bright and misty spring scenery of the Jiangnan area. The colors are bright and the mood is timeless. A seven-character quatrain can show such a broad picture, which can be said to be "a thousand miles in size".
At the same time, Du Mu also left a poem "Hibiscus Lake"), praising the beautiful scenery of Jiangyin:
The fireworks beside Danshu Village are faint, and the geese are flying deep in the blue waves. The fallen leaves and poplars are hanging on the banks of the depression, and across the water there are only a few people who can smell the pounding of clothes.
Poetry work: Jiang Nanchun Poetry author: Du Mu, Tang Dynasty Poetry classification: spring, sceneries, temples, lyricism