1. Hengshan is in the west, Yuelu is in the east, and the lectures are in the south of the city.
People can be cast, gold can be melted, and Li Zeshao has high wind.
I have always praised Xiong Feng for his many talents, and a man who works hard will become a hero among thousands of men!
——School Song of Changsha No. 1 Normal University
2. Today’s responsibility does not lie with others, but with my youth. < /p>
If a young man is better than Europe, the country will be better than Europe; if a young man is more powerful than the earth, the country will be more powerful than the earth.
When the red sun rises, it shines brightly; when the river flows out, it plunges into the ocean; when the dragon dives into the abyss, its scales and claws fly;
The tiger roars in the valley, and all the beasts are frightened; the eagle and falcon test The wings are blown by the wind and dust. The first-born of strange flowers are like emperors;
The cadres are hairy and have their awns; the sky is blue and the ground is yellow;
Though it lasts through the ages, There are eight wastelands; the future is like the sea, and the future is long.
How beautiful, my young Chinese, I am as old as the sky;
What a great thing, my young Chinese, I am boundless by my country!
——Excerpt from Liang Qichao's "Young China"
3. On the evening of the first day of enrollment in the First Division, Principal Kong Zhaoshou went to the dormitory to visit the students.
Kong Zhaoshou: Classmates, have you ever thought about it? Why come to normal school? Today you enter the normal school and learn the methods of education. From now on, we must devote ourselves to the national education of the Republic of China. If we do not solve the problem of why we study, we will inevitably learn without understanding its purpose, and think without knowing its meaning. In the end, I don’t know where my five years of great youth and hard work have gone. ...Everyone knows that our first division is known as the Millennium School. It has been more than 800 years since Mr. Zhang Nanxuan, a great scholar of Neo-Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty, founded Chengnan Academy here. Although it has experienced natural disasters, wars, dynasties, and emperors, it continues to this day. Such as Sun Dingchen, He Shaoji, Zeng Guofan, Li Yuandu, Tan Sitong and Huang Xing, talents of all generations have emerged in succession and become as bright as stars, becoming an important branch of our Hunan School. Why? I think it can be summed up in one sentence: managing the world for practical purposes. What does it mean to manage the world? Devotion to the country and society are called managing the world. So what does it mean to be useful? Taking what I have learned and putting it into use is called putting it into practice. Those who apply knowledge to the world, that is to say, we do not read for the sake of reading. The purpose of our studies, our motivation for studying, is to acquire knowledge in order to change our country and our society. We Hunan people have always studied for two words: doing things. What to do? Do something useful to the country and the people.
Mao: Principal, what kind of thing? Is it something that is useful to the country and the people?
Confucius: To bring order to chaos is to use martial arts to bring peace to the world; to rule is to cultivate and cultivate people's hearts. Considering today's situation, I think the most important thing is to promote education. Our country has been weak for hundreds of years, precisely because the people's wisdom has not yet developed. Only by vigorously promoting education can we use new knowledge and new culture. Eliminate the ignorance and backwardness of the entire nation. Educate everyone and everyone will be cured. If everyone is autonomous, society will be good. When society improves, talents will flourish. Once talents emerge, the country will expand. It can be deduced from this that in today's China, there is nothing greater than education. If we want to save the country and strengthen its population, what better means than education? Therefore, I study in normal school and study education. I will succeed in my studies one day. I will use what I have learned to enlighten the people’s wisdom and do my best to revitalize the nation. Isn’t this the best way for you to apply in the world? ?
4. Yang Changji: Today is the first lesson I give you. Slim.
What is self-cultivation? Cultivating one's moral sentiments and practicing it are called self-cultivation. The ancients said: Cultivate oneself, manage one's family, govern the country and bring peace to the world. In other words, self-cultivation is the first threshold for a person, a scholar, and a person who wants to become a gentleman to become talented. If your personal morals are not cultivated, your sentiments are not cultivated, and your selfish desires are not restrained, you cannot be a pure person, a noble person, or a person with perfect spirit. Then it would be impossible to talk about these actions if the family manages the country and brings peace to the world. You may ask, what is the first priority in self-cultivation? Two words: determined. Confucius said: Three armies can seize the commander, but one man cannot seize the will. If a person has no ambition, he will have no goal. Without a goal, self-cultivation will become water without a source. Therefore, whenever you want to cultivate yourself, you must first make a determination. Aim high and your heart will be pure. ...The autistic paradise is said to be ancient, and I want to plant big wooden pillars to grow into the sky. Throughout his life, Yang had no desire to be an official, no desire to make a fortune, and quietly escaped from the world, regardless of the weather. I hope to find one or two good talents among you. Carrying the towering trees. For China, which has been weak for hundreds of years, prop up a sky of self-reliance and self-reliance. Then my wish is enough.
5. Mao Zedong went to teacher Yang Changji’s home for the first time, and Teacher Yang opened a “small stove” for him
Mao: Studying to store energy?
Yang: Yes! Learning about energy storage is your first lesson today. This is also the learning goal that I, the teacher, put forward for you, the disciple. Runzhi, what is the purpose of a young man entering school? It is to learn knowledge and to reserve abilities. Confucius said: Quality is better than literature, and history is better. Literature is better than quality, and history is better. That is to say, if a person only has strong ability and quality, but does not have enough knowledge and accomplishments, he will not be able to restrain himself. Instead, its own ability has become a wild and destructive force. On the other hand, if you only focus on book learning but lack the cultivation of practical abilities, then knowledge will become dead knowledge and learning will become pseudo-knowledge. This person will be rigid and dull, without any practical use.
So I give you four words today, just to make you firmly remember that in cultivating energy storage, you must develop in a balanced way. These are also two indispensable aspects on your journey to study.
Mao: So what kind of knowledge should I cultivate and what abilities should I cultivate first?
Yang: What knowledge? Which ability? Runzhi, your idea is wrong in the first place. Who is Mao Runzhi today? You are just a first-year student in a normal school. You like philosophy and ethics, and you are also concerned about current affairs and society. That is both interest and talent, but I am also worried that you have fallen into another misunderstanding, that is, your knowledge and ability are too narrow. Runzhi, your journey to study has just begun. How much knowledge and abilities have you mastered? If you prematurely limit the scope of your studies and do not study extensively and dabble in many aspects, it will be harmful to you in the future. No benefit. Therefore, after you practice energy storage, you should also add four words: learn first and learn deeply later.
Mao: I understand that only by drawing on the strengths of others can mutual support be achieved, while remaining self-sufficient will inevitably lead to crudeness and shallowness. Is it right? teacher.
Yang: If you think so, that’s right.
Yang: ...Yes, perseverance. A strong person is like a rock that remains unshakable despite the passage of time, and a ninja is like a ninja that remains unbroken despite hardships and hardships. The combination of hardness and softness of a perseverant person is irreversible and perseveres.
6. Classroom Debate
In Teacher Xu Teli’s class, Teacher Xu asked two students with opposite views to debate, one was Liu Junqing and the other was Cai Hesen:
Cai: I disagree. A teacher is a person who preaches and teaches, and teaches and educates people. If teachers are all focused on pursuing better pay and higher status, then what else will they have to think about cultivating students? If they teach with this mentality, how can they teach students who are willing to dedicate themselves to society and the public?
Liu: Who doesn’t understand the truth? If you were asked to be inferior to others and eat chalk dust for the rest of your life, you Cai Hesen might not be willing to do so.
Cai: I never feel that eating chalk dust is inferior in any way. On the contrary, I firmly believe that teaching and educating people is one of the most noble professions in the world.
Liu: I didn’t say it was not noble, but others said teachers were poor teachers. What's the use of just thinking it's noble?
Cai: The reason why people are human is precisely because they have ideals and beliefs. Understand the meaning of nobility and purity. If there are only interests and selfish desires in our eyes, what is the difference between humans and animals who only satisfy their material desires? Lin Wenzhonggong once said, "If you stand thousands of feet high on a wall, you will be strong if you have no desires." If I believe in the sublime, the sublime is with me. But people talk about warmth and coldness, material desires and gains and losses, but compared with them, they are so insignificant that they are not worth mentioning. (Applause)
7. Teacher Kong found out that some students were wasting food, so he held a school-wide meeting to educate his classmates.
Principal Kong: When I was young, my family was very poor. Can't afford anything good to eat. One Chinese New Year, my mother borrowed half a bag of corn, ground it into flour, and steamed a pot of steamed buns. I was very hungry, so I took a piece and ate it. As a result, my mouth was burned and the steamed bun fell to the ground. My mother picked up the half of the steamed bun and ate the dirty half while leaving the clean half to me. Fragrant. When I saw this half piece of steamed buns today, it reminded me of the half piece when I was a kid. It was really delicious. Classmates, students of the First Normal University, a meal and a porridge are hard-earned! Your parents are so frugal at home and cherish food and materials. Do you still remember that your old field fathers braved the hot sun in the dog days to cut rice in the fields all day long? Do you still remember that your mother often put half of the rice in the bowl into your bowl, and said that she was very full after eating half of it?
Classmate Liu Junqing, please come out. There is a teacher whom I would like to introduce to you again and to all our classmates. That is Teacher Xu Teli, whom you call Xu Da’s beggar. I know that it's not just you, there are many classmates who also call him that behind his back, "Xu Da is a call girl." Yes, our teacher Xu really looks like a beggar. Wearing coarse cloth clothes and wearing straw sandals. If you can't afford the sedan chair, you have to eat in the student cafeteria. I was reluctant to buy even an oil-paper umbrella. Wear a raincoat on rainy days. How shabby. Among the teachers in Changsha City, there is no other such a shabby one. But this Xu Da beggar has a monthly salary of 200 yuan in the Provincial Assembly just for the position of deputy speaker. Not to mention that he also serves as the principal of Changsha Normal School and teaches courses in three schools at the same time. His income is unmatched among all the teachers in Shacheng, Changchun. So where did his money go? If you have time, you might as well go to Teacher Xu’s hometown, Wumei Township, Changsha County. You will see a primary school, Wumei Primary School, which admits children from poor farmers for free. The students there study for free, not even a penny. And our teacher Xu, a big beggar, left all his family in the countryside to work in the countryside. Because the cost of living in Changsha City is too high. Because he felt that as long as he could save one dollar, a child from a poor family could study for one more month. Classmate Liu Junqing, you think it’s incredible. Please join us.
Students, students of the First Normal University, what is poverty? What is rich? Wearing straw sandals, patching up, and living a simple life is poverty? Does wearing leather shoes, riding in a sedan chair, and eating delicacies mean you are rich? No! Children, true poverty and wealth do not lie in these superficial things.
You are still young today. When you enter society in the future, you will experience the temptation of money, fame and fortune, and face the choice between reality and ideals. When that time comes, you will truly feel that you are so spiritually rich and happy when you do your best to make more people happy, regardless of personal gains and losses. On the contrary, if you only remember your own little self-interest all day long, even if you are sitting on a huge fortune, even if you are rich and well-clothed during the day, but at night, when you calm down alone, you will find that you Not happy. Because everything you have is endless emptiness, because mentally, you are a penniless pauper.
Today, I kept this half piece of steamed bread. I also hope that this half piece of steamed bread will stay in the hearts of every student from now on. Let us firmly remember that frugality is the foundation of self-cultivation.
8. Principal Kong: How could you think of teaching people how to read?
Mao: If you go to normal school, you will eventually teach. Just treat it as an internship now. Moreover, the principal also said: The most important thing in national education is civilianization. The people who really need to be educated now are the people who don't know a word.
Kong: That makes sense. In fact, the responsibility of normal schools is to popularize education. This is what schools should think and do. The school didn't think about it or did it, but you thought about it first and did it first. The school should thank you.
Mao: Actually, I didn’t think about it that much. I just think it's not enough to just talk the truth. Only by doing it yourself can it be considered true.
9. Xiao: It’s raining so heavily. Where did you go?
Mao: Climbing a mountain.
Tao, Xiang: Mountain climbing? !
Xiao: Climbing a mountain?
Cai: Yes!
Xiao: It’s windy and rainy, why are you doing this?
Mao: What happened to Gale? What happened to the heavy rain? The ancients said: If you stay in Dalu, there will be strong winds and heavy rains. Today Lao Cai and I had a good experience.
Cai: Yes, the wind bathes my body; the rain bathes my body; the strong winds bathe my soul!
Mao: The mountains and rivers are under my feet, and the earth is in my arms. I am the lord of these wilderness and mountains and rivers; I am the spirit of all things in the world;
10. Mao: Principal I was once told that education can save the country. I once thought that only educated young people like us were the hope for China’s future. But today I realized that those who engage in education can’t even save themselves, so how can education save others? How to save such a big country? … Can some people and certain things really be changed by relying on education or empty ideals?
Yang Changji: Relying on reading may not save the country; relying on education may not change everything. But only by reading can we understand the truth; only by reading can you find the answer to your today's questions tomorrow.
11. Principal Kong proposed student self-governance and solicited classmates’ opinions on self-governance. Mao Zedong proposed the idea of ??strengthening physical exercise.
Mao: When I was listening to everyone’s discussion just now, I suddenly thought of a classmate. A classmate who has left us is Yong Qi. I often think of Yong Qi. Every day I get up in the morning and see his empty bed; every time I walk into the classroom, I see his empty seat; every time I pass by the cafeteria and walk through the playground. I remember that in the first class, he once said that he wanted to become General Guan Yun. The last time he spoke, he also asked me if he could become General Guan Yun. Yong Qi is so kind, and his achievements are so outstanding. The only pity is that his physique is too weak. If there is a little bit of wind and rain, he will definitely be the first one to fall ill. At that time, we played ball, ran, swam, and climbed mountains together. I used to ask him to go with us. But he always...blamed me. If I had forced him, if I had forced him to exercise, maybe such a tragedy would not have happened later.
In fact, it is not just a permanent border. Since ancient times, traditional education in China has never taken education seriously. Aren’t the talents of these historical figures Yan Hui, Jia Yi, Wang Bo, and Lu Zhaolin not amazing? But they were all short-lived and died young before they had time to realize their ideals and ambitions. All that is left to history is pages of regret. Without a healthy body, no matter how knowledgeable he is or how powerful you are, what's the use if you can't even save your life? What I admire most is the Spartans, who were so small in number but could dominate ancient Greece. Why? Because they not only value spiritual civilization, but also advocate barbaric physique. Looking back at China today, there are many people with weak bodies. School teachers teach books, students chew books, and parents at home have their eyes fixed on books. The youth of a country are suffering from illnesses. If this continues, how can others not call us the sick men of East Asia? How to ensure the strength of the country and the rejuvenation of the nation? China’s future needs young people, and the future of young people needs a solid and strong body. The first step of our Alumni Association's work should be centered on the physical training of the whole school, so that our classmates can be civilized in spirit and barbaric in body!
12. Mao Zedong and Xiao Zisheng cleverly saved a tenant farmer's daughter during their study tour, but this also triggered a discussion between Mao and Xiao.
Mao: We can save a girl from Zhi. But there are thousands of Chi girls, what should they do?
Xiao: Manpower is sometimes scarce, and we can only save one person at a time.
Mao: No, this is irresponsible. The old set of benevolence, justice and morality can only be used to deal with the conscience of a person watching the fire from the other side, but it cannot solve the problems of the farmers, nor can it eliminate the darkness of this society. .
Xiao: But human progress takes time, and improving society is a gradual process.
Mao: Then should we wait, should we just watch this unreasonable and unfair situation continue?
Xiao: What do you think we should do?
Mao: Fundamentally overthrow the old system. Bury all the unreasonableness, all the injustice, all the ugly people and all the ugly things.
Xiao: Your ideal is empty, I’m afraid it will be difficult to realize.
Mao: Yes, it is an ideal, but it is by no means empty. I firmly believe that as long as darkness is swept away and corruption is driven away, the world will naturally usher in great harmony.
13. Mao Zedong took over the task of running a night school for workers and invited everyone to be teachers at the reading meeting.
Xiao: The workers studied at night, Runzhi, and I found that you always have new tricks.
Cai: What happened to Xinmingtang? I support this new concept of Runzhi with both hands.
Xiao: You have to give me a reason whether you agree or disagree.
Mao: If you want a reason, then I will give you a reason. For more than four years, I have been thinking about what can change our society that is riddled with holes and save our country that is suffering from internal and external troubles? In the past, we relied on reading and studying, but is it useful to just rely on the principles in books? Even if you read ten thousand books, you still can't stop Tang Xiangming's soldiers. I also thought: If you can’t do it alone, let’s make friends and form a group. But China is so big, can it be changed just by the efforts of a few scholars or by a group? Still not enough, this study tour touched me even more. A rich man can ride on the heads of so many tenants and do whatever he wants. Why? Because there are only a few scholars, and the real majority in China are workers and peasants. They are ignorant and they are honest. If they cannot move, no matter how many books you read or a bunch of students, they will not be able to change the world.
Cai: Yes! We alone cannot solve the real problem.
Xiao: If you set up a night school for workers and teach a few workers, will this problem be solved?
Mao: How to solve China's problems? Of course I can't answer it now. But I believe that awakening the people is something that must be done. We, a group of young people, can only really achieve something if we look down and stare at the lowest and most common people. Xiao Bodhisattva, don’t you always say that the beginning of small steps begins?
14. At the critical moment of Changsha City, Mao Zedong took the initiative to ask for help and stepped forward.
Kong: Attack?
Mao: Yes, the only solution now is to take the initiative to attack in order to save the school and the city of Changsha.
Fang: But, how many thousands of people were defeated? Just us, fighting them?
Mao: Having too many people but too few is not a problem. Dear teachers, think about it: Fu Liangzuo, the governor of Hunan, was appointed temporarily. His team suffered such a huge defeat and fled all the way. Even Fu Liangzuo himself disappeared. He left his subordinates without a leader. Completely defeated. Don't talk about the morale that an army should have. I just went to Monkey Rock and saw that even the basic organization has been broken up. A total headless fly. An army like this, no matter how many people there are, has little fighting power.
Kong: But after all, they have thousands of guns.
Mao: It is precisely because they have several guns that they dare to run to Changsha. What are they doing in Changsha? It's nothing more than trying to grab a chance and make a fortune. But an hour or two ago, they had already arrived outside Changsha City. Why did they not dare to enter the city? Always stay at Monkey Rock, why? Because they can't figure out the reality of Changsha City. After Fu Liangzuo's troops were defeated by Cheng Qianbu of the Hunan Army in the French Protector Army, they fled south to north from Xiangtan and Zhuzhou to Changsha. Another branch of the French Protector Army, the Guangxi Army, attacked Changsha from Changde in western Hunan from west to east, and had already defeated Yiyang the day before yesterday. In other words, it is impossible for this defeated army to know the current progress of the Gui army coming from the west. The reason why they huddled outside the city and did not dare to move is precisely because based on time calculation, it is entirely possible that the Gui army has arrived to Changsha. What they were afraid of was the Gui army, which was several times more powerful than them, waiting for them in the city.
Kong: That makes sense.
Mao: An army that has suffered such a crushing defeat would never dare to fight a war. For them, life-saving is the first priority. However, if time drags on and there is no action in the city, it is equivalent to telling them that the Gui army has not arrived yet and Changsha is an empty city. By that time, they will be bolder and they will understand that Changsha City is a piece of meat in their bowl and can be slaughtered by them at will. This group of defeated soldiers is no longer an army, but a group of bandits. If a swarm of people really poured into Changsha City, then Changsha City with hundreds of thousands of people would become a hell on earth. So the most critical thing now is time. The only way is to catch him off guard before they figure out the truth. Only in this way can the city of Changsha be preserved.
Yang: That’s true, but Changsha used to be Fu Liangzuo’s territory, and now that he himself has escaped, where will the army be to defend the city?
Where can we find such an army at this moment?
Mao: There is one division, one division of student volunteers.
Xu: It’s just two hundred students and not even a real gun. It’s too risky.
Kong: Yes, Runzhi, this is no joke. If the other party finds out, it will cost the lives of two hundred classmates.
Mao: I have calculated all these things. We are small in number. But Monkey Rock is surrounded by mountains. We can take advantage of the terrain and bluff. Those soldiers who were so frightened that they couldn't form an army had no idea of ??our strength. As for the gun, it's not completely impossible. There is one at the police station, and they are also the police in Changsha. For the sake of Changsha, he should work with us.
Kong: That’s what I say, don’t be afraid of ten thousand, just be afraid of the unexpected. What if I mess up, or the other party is brave...
Mao: Principal, teachers, I also know that there are risks in doing this. No matter how important or important things are, a gentleman must do something even if he doesn't do something. At this time when the safety of the whole city is in danger, if our student army does not come forward, who will come forward? Dear teachers, you teach students all your life, don’t you want to cultivate noble men who dare to sacrifice their lives for righteousness and dare to move forward in the face of danger?
Yang: Zhaoshou, promise them.
Kong: Runzhi, these two hundred student troops will be left to you!
Mao: Yes! headmaster!
15. Runzhi talks about life:
What is most valuable is this kind of mind that is never discouraged, always full of hope, believes in oneself and believes in the future. . Just like this rain, although it falls so hard, it seems to be blocking other people's way, but I believe that it will stop and the sky will eventually clear up. I, Mao Runzhi, have no other abilities except that I believe that there is no unstoppable path for all my life and that the sun will still rise tomorrow. If you are confident that you will live two hundred years, you will be like the water hitting you for three thousand miles.
The joy of fighting against the sky is endless! Struggle with the earth, the joy is endless! There is endless joy in fighting with others!