A type of poetry. Metrical poetry refers to ancient poetry after the Tang Dynasty, which is divided into quatrains and rhymed poetry. According to the number of words in each sentence, it can be divided into five words and seven words. There are certain standards for article and sentence patterns, certain rules for phonology, and changes in use also require compliance with certain rules
The prosperous Tang Dynasty was the peak of the prosperity of poetry. In addition to the two great poets Li Bai and Du Fu, there were many poets with remarkable achievements during this period. They can be roughly divided into two categories: one is the pastoral poets represented by Meng Haoran and Wang Wei; the other is the frontier fortress poets. Among them, Gao Shi and Cen Shen have achieved the highest achievements. Wang Changling, Li Qi, and Wang Zhihuan are also frontier fortress poets. The best among them. Most of Wang Changling's frontier fortress poems use old Yuefu inscriptions to express the soldiers' feelings of missing their hometown and seeking victory through meritorious service. His "Army March" and "Out of the Fortress" have always been regarded as masterpieces of frontier fortress poetry. Li Qi's frontier fortress poems are not many in number, but his achievements are outstanding. "Ancient Meaning" and "Ancient Military March" are his masterpieces. Wang Zhihuan is an older frontier fortress poet. One of his poems, "Liangzhou Ci", expresses the sadness of the expeditioners homesickness. Another poem, "Climbing the Crane and Que Tower", is lofty and inspiring. The poetry of the Mid-Tang Dynasty is the peak of the Tang Dynasty. The continuation of poetry. The works of this period mainly showed social unrest and people's suffering. Bai Juyi was the most outstanding realist poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty. He inherited and developed the realist tradition of "The Book of Songs" and Han Yuefu, and set off a climax of realist poetry in literary theory and creation, that is, the New Yuefu Movement. Yuan Zhen, Zhang Ji, and Wang Jian were all important poets in this movement. The main works of Yuan Zhen (779--831) are 19 ancient Yuefu poems and 12 new Yuefu poems. No matter in terms of content or form, Yuan poetry is very close to Bai Juyi's poetry. Their common feature is that the language is easy to understand, which is due to the consistency of their literary views. Although Zhang Ji and Wang Jian did not have clear literary ideas, they became the backbone of the New Yuefu Movement with their rich creations. Sympathy for the suffering of farmers is the theme of Zhang Ji's Yuefu poems, of which "Wild Old Song" is the most famous. Although there are not many poems written by Li Shen whose styles are very similar to those of the above-mentioned people, his two poems "Compassion for the Farmers" have won him a wide range of readers. In addition to the New Yuefu Movement, there was another group of poets during this period, namely Han Yu, Meng Jiao, Li He and others. Compared with Bai Juyi, their poetry art is more innovative and unique. Han Yu (768--824) was a famous essayist. He was good at turning words into poems. He brought new language styles and compositional techniques into the poetry world, which expanded the field of poetry expression. At the same time, he also brought about the use of words as poetry. Talk about talents and learning, and pursue the atmosphere of danger and weirdness. Meng Jiao (751--814) and Jia Dao (779--843) are both famous for their "bitter chanting". Their common characteristics are the pursuit of adventure and hard thinking and tempering. Liu Yuxi (772--842) was a poet who was interested in creating folk songs. Many of his "Zhuzhi Ci" are realistic and very popular among people. In addition, his verses and quatrains are also famous. Liu Zongyuan's (773--819) poems, like his prose, mostly express personal grief, anger and depression. His landscape poems are graceful and simple in description, showing his noble and noble personality in every aspect. For example, "Snow on the River" has always been recited by people. Li He (790--816) did not follow the path of his predecessors in the image, artistic conception, and metaphor of his poetry. He had a unique style in the mid-Tang Dynasty, and opened up a new world of romanticism that is strange, steep, rich and desolate. "Su Xiaoxiao's Tomb" and "Dream Sky" are all works that fully reflect his unique style. The poetry of the late Tang Dynasty has a strong sentimental atmosphere. The representative poets are Du Mu and Li Shangyin. Du Mu (803--852) is famous for his seven-character quatrains in his poems. "Jiangnan Spring", "Mountain Journey", "Moving at Qinhuai", "Passing Huaqing Palace" and so on are his representative works. These poems show handsome talents in the clear words Su Shi
and vivid pictures. Li Shangyin (813--858) was famous for his love poems. His seven rhymes follow Du Fu's example, with exquisite allusion and neat antitheses, such as "Mawei" which is very representative; his seven-character quatrains are also very skillful, among which "The Night Rain Sends to the North" and "Chang'e" are masterpieces. In the late Tang Dynasty, a group of realist poets emerged who inherited the spirit of the New Yuefu in the Mid-Tang Dynasty. The representative figures were Pi Rixiu, Nie Yizhong and Du Xunhe. Their poems are sharp-edged and point to the current ills. The development of poetry in the Song Dynasty was no longer as brilliant as in the Tang Dynasty, but it had its own unique style, that is, the lyrical component was reduced, the narrative and argumentative components were increased, emphasis was placed on description and depiction, and a large number of prose syntax was used, which alienated the relationship between poetry and music. . The poems that best embody the characteristics of Song poetry are the poems of Su Shi and Huang Tingjian (1045--1105). Huang Tingjian's poetic style was unique and unique, and his influence was wider than that of Su Shi at that time. Together with Chen Shidao, he founded the "Jiangxi School of Poetry" with the greatest influence in the Song Dynasty. In the early Song Dynasty, Mei Yaochen (1002--1060) and Su Shunqin (1008--1048) were both called "Su Mei" and they were the ones who laid the foundation of Song poetry. The poems of Ouyang Xiu and Wang Anshi (1021--1086) played a great role in sweeping away the flashy style of Xikun style. During the Southern Song Dynasty, when the country was facing severe national calamities, poems were often full of melancholy and anger. Lu You is a representative figure of this era. At the same time as him, there were Fan Chengda (1126--1193), who was famous for his "pastoral miscellaneous" poems, and Yang Wanli (1124--1206), who was famous for his descriptions of scenery and reasoning. Wen Tianxiang (1236--1282) was the last great poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. "Crossing the Lingding Ocean", which uplifted the national spirit of preferring death to surrender, is his masterpiece.