Xiang Ji Xuan, a small house in Gui Youguang's family. Xuan, a small room. Gui Youguang's distant ancestor once lived in Xiangjijing, Taicang, Jiangsu. The author named the hut Xiang Ji Xuan, which is of commemorative significance.
Gui Youguang was born in a cold Confucian family. Teenagers are eager to learn, and they can write at the age of 9. At the age of 2, they know all about the Five Classics and Three History and the Eight Great Writers in Tang and Song Dynasties. At the age of 35, after having obtained the provincial examination, he was selected. However, the next eight exams failed. In the twenty-first year of Jiajing (1542), he moved to Jiading Anting River (Leshan, Sichuan) to study and give lectures, and there were often hundreds of scholars from far and near. It was not until he was 6 years old that he was admitted to Jinshi. He was first appointed as the magistrate of Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, and was transferred to Shunde (Xingtai, Hebei Province) for passing the sentence because he offended the giants and bosses. Later, he was recommended by Gao Gong, a university student, and was appointed as the official of Taibu Temple in Nanjing. He participated in the compilation of Records of Sejong, and died in Nanjing because of overwork. Gui Youguang was dissatisfied with the blind imitation tendency of the "seven scholars" before and after, which was contrary to Wang Shizhen's opinion that "literature must be in the Western Han Dynasty" at that time. Although Shizhen was greatly regretted, he also emphasized it. Together with Wang Shenzhong, Tang Shunzhi and Mao Kun, they are called "Tang and Song Schools". Advocating the ancient prose of Tang and Song Dynasties, his prose is simple and concise, and he is good at narration. He is the author of Sanwu Water Conservancy Record, Ma Zhengzhi, Yi Graph Theory, Collected Works of Zhenchuan, Footprint of Zhenchuan, Collected Works of Mr. Zhenchuan, etc.
Gui Youguang's prose inherits the writing styles of Ouyang Xiu and Ceng Gong, and has made great achievements, and introduced family trivia into the ancient prose, which expanded the scope of expression of the prose. His prose narrates the friendship of family and friends, with sincere feelings, vivid expression and distant charm.
Xuan Zhi of Xiang Ji is a famous work by Gui Youguang. Taking advantage of the rise and fall of Xiang Jixuan, he wrote about family trivia related to it, expressing the feelings of people dying and things changing in three generations, and also expressing the author's feelings of missing his grandmother, mother and wife.
Huang Zongxi recommended him as the first person in Ming Dynasty.
This article has been incorporated into the Chinese textbook of Grade Two in People's Education Press, and the Chinese textbook of Grade One in Shanghai has been changed from the second class. [Edit this paragraph] Advocating the change of writing style In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the retro movement of the first and last seven poets appeared in the literary world, which played a certain role in sweeping away the writing style of Taige style. However, during the Jiajing period, it had become a tendency to blindly respect the ancient times. Wang Shenzhong, Mao Kun, Tang Shunzhi and others rose up to resist and advocated the ancient prose of Tang and Song Dynasties, which was called the Tang and Song School, and its leader was Gui Youguang.
At that time, Wang Shizhen was a literary master, and his momentum was impressive. Gui Youguang denounced and said, "It's hard to say who is the so-called writer who covers this world. Before the beginning, it was the study of the ancients, but it was a great man who got one or two foolish mediocrities, so as to fight for it, in order to offset the predecessors. ""As for the famous artists of Song and Yuan Dynasties, their strength is enough to catch up with them for thousands of years, but the world is so sad that they are shaken by ephemera "(Preface to the Collected Works of Xiang Siyao). On poetic theory, he also criticized the tendency of retro, saying: "This life is only about chasing chapters and writing sentences, imitating plagiarism, and being obscene and flashy, but I don't know what it is." On the contrary, he thinks that "speaking frankly, there are many folk songs, expressing sympathy for the times and worrying about the world, and covering up what is elegant and gentleman's" (Preface to Mr. Shen Cigu's Poems). His basic point of view is: although the articles in Qin and Han Dynasties represented by Historical Records are good, the famous articles in Tang and Song Dynasties are not bad. The former and the latter seven scholars flaunted that "literature must be in Qin and Han Dynasties, and poetry must flourish in Tang Dynasty", but in fact, they went astray. He advocated "changing Qin and Han Dynasties into Ou Zeng", and should be "sincere out of intention" when writing ...... not specifically seeking the work of painting algae as an article. □□ However, the beauty of the view is just dazzling in the world "("Answer to Yu Zhifu "). At that time, Wang Shizhen said after he criticized himself for being "stupid": "If you are stupid, you will have it, but if you are stupid, you will not dare to listen to your fate. "But in his later years, Wang Shizhen also felt that he was over-sculpted, not as natural as Gui Youguang. In the preface to Praise to the Too Servant, he said: "Mr. Yu is a famous writer in ancient Chinese ... without carving, he has his own flavor. "Others compared Gui Youguang with Ouyang Xiu and praised him as the first essayist in Ming Dynasty. Until the Qing dynasty. Fang Bao, Yao Nai and others also praised Gui Youguang.
Gui Youguang opposed imitation of antiquity, focusing on form, but failed to achieve real innovation in content. His works are mainly prose, and nine times out of ten are works of explanation, inscription, discussion, giving preface, longevity preface, epitaph, inscription, eulogy, behavior and meaning-making. Some of his works show dissatisfaction with politics at that time, while others show sympathy for the people, but many of them are empty in content and outdated in thought. In some narrative and lyrical essays, it can be said that "I didn't mean to touch people, but my thoughts of happiness and sorrow overflowed beyond words" (Epitaph of Returning to the Public by Wang Xijue). Its artistic features are as follows: ① It is lyrical and touching. For example, the masterpiece Xiang Ji Xuan Zhi, with the rise and fall of Xiang Ji Xuan, a "century-old house", interspersed with memories of grandmother, mother and wife, and expressed the feelings of the vicissitudes of life. Memories of each person's affairs are family chores, but they are very human. (2) attention to detail, vivid. For example, the description of the scenery in Xiang Ji Xuan Zhi carried forward the fine tradition of Tang and Song Dynasties, which was really beyond the reach of the first seven scholars. (3) short, concise. His famous prose works, such as Xiang Ji Xuan Zhi, A Brief Account of the First Story, Si Zi Ting Ji and Nver Er Er Ji Zhi, are not more than 1, words. "Cold Flower Burial Records" is written to mourn the death of a little maid. The full text is ***112 words, but it is extremely concise to outline the image of a maid with two details and write about her feelings in court. (4) exquisite structure, twists and turns. For example, "Baojie Mountain Residence" was written from Taihu Lake scenery to Baojie Mountain Residence, and compared with Wangchuan Villa of Wang Weizhi in Tang Dynasty, and made comments on Wang Wei. "Ju Chuang Ji", from the topography and scenery of Hong's residence to the ancients Zhong Changtong and Tao Yuanming, is full of ups and downs.
Gui's prose focuses on trivial matters around him, which fails to fully reflect the social contradictions in Ming Dynasty. However, he described the tragic situation in Kunshan after the invasion of the Japanese invaders, such as "A Brief Account of Preparing for the Japanese Enemy", "The Story of the Japanese Enemy in Kunshan County" and "A Loan to the Son". In the articles "The Death of Zhang Zhennv" and "The Prison of Zhang Zhennv", the reality of bullying and corruption in official management is exposed. In the articles such as "Exposing and Sticking the Book of Prison Prisoners for the Joint Trial of Sending Companions", "Notices of Nine Counties" and "Begging for a Rest", he expressed his heart of pleading for the people. In biographies such as Biography of Kecha and Biography of Luye Weng, some images of ordinary people are outlined. In the journal articles such as Miscellaneous Notes on My Failure to Test, Journey to Renxu, some people's feelings and the world at that time were recorded. These works also have certain social significance.
after Gui Youguang's death, his son Ning compiled some of his legacy and carved it in Kunshan, but his words and phrases were often changed. Sun Changshi and Qian Qianyi searched the legacy and carefully collated it, but they were not all engraved. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, Gui Zhuang, the great grandson, added some of his legacy, and with the help of Dong Zhengwei and others, he carved The Complete Works of Mr. Zhenchuan, which consists of 3 volumes, 1 volumes and 4 volumes. It contains 774 essays and 113 poems of various genres. Today, the current circulation is 4 volumes of the four-part series "The Collection of Mr. Zhenchuan", which was photocopied according to the publication of Changshu in Ming Dynasty. [Edit this paragraph] Historic sites In memory of Gui Youguang, in the 8th year of Daoguang Qing Dynasty (1828), Governor Tao Shu of Jiangsu requested the approval of Daoguang Emperor to use the vacant land in the east of Bodaiji to build Zhenchuan Academy. Construction started in Daoguang 8 years (1828) and was completed 3 years later. The academy covers an area of 11.7 mu.
The Academy is connected with the ancient temple Bodaiji, with a stream of Heshangbang in the south and a great bear wall on the other side, decorated with green trees and vines, which is clean and unusual. The east is connected with fruit trees, and there is a monk creek in the north. Four seal characters of "Zhenchuan Academy" are engraved on the front of the academy.
in 1834, the 15th year of Qing Daoguang, the governor of Jiangsu, Lin Zexu, visited Zhenchuan Academy for building water conservancy projects, leaving behind a message: "Confucianism is not an empty talk, water conservancy is a success, and the merits are worthy of blood and food in Sanjiang; The teacher arrived late, the experts decided, and he was as crazy as the seven sons.
In the 25th year of Guangxu reign (193), Zhenchuan Academy was closed. In the following year, Mao Yuan and others borrowed the original funds of the Academy to open Zhenchuan Primary School in situ. In the 32nd year of Guangxu (196), a middle school was established. Now it is Anting Middle School (located in Anting Town, Jiading District, Shanghai).
the memorial statue of Gui Youguang (attached, located at the site of Zhenchuan Academy) [edited in this paragraph] is a collection of works of Xiang Ji Xuan Zhi
Xiang Ji Xuan, the old South Pavilion. The room is only ten feet square, can accommodate a person living. A century-old house, the dust and mud seeped, the rain bet, and every case was moved, regardless of the person who had nothing to put. Going north again, I can't get the sun, and I am faint after noon. I repaired it a little to prevent it from leaking; Four windows were opened in the front, and the walls were built around the yard to shield the sunlight from the south, and the sunlight was shining, and the room was bright. In addition, the orchid and laurel bamboos were planted in the court. In the old days, the columns were rafted, which also increased the victory. The books were borrowed all over the shelf, and the songs were sung, and everyone sat silently. And the steps are silent, birds come and peck, and people don't go. The night of the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar, the moon is high, light up the half wall, the shadow of the osmanthus trees scattered patchwork, the breeze blowing the shadow shake, lovely.
however, it's gratifying and sad that I live here.
firstly, the north and south are one in the court; When the uncles and uncles, in the indoor and outdoor settings many small doors, the walls are everywhere. The east dog barks at the west, the guest feasts more and more, and the chicken lives in the hall. The courtyard began to be fenced off, and then the wall was built, and it changed twice. The family has an old woman who once lived here. The old woman, the maid of my dead grandmother, gave milk to two generations, and the mother was good to her. The west and the inner rooms of the house were connected, and the mother used to come. Every time you say to Yu, "I am born here." Yu said again, "When my sister is in my arms, she cries; Mother knocked on the door with her finger and said, "Are you cold? Want to eat? "I answered from the outside of the board." Before I finished speaking, I cried, and I also cried. I am in the reading room. One day, the old mother said to Yu, "My son, I haven't seen you for a long time. Why are you here silently?" Then he closed the door with his hand and said to himself, "This is my ancestor's great grandfather, who proclaimed his virtue to hold this court. You should use it someday!" Looking at the ruins, as it was yesterday, makes people unable to control the trombone.
Xuandong tastes like a cook. People go, pass by the porch. I have lived together for a long time, and I can distinguish people by my feet. Liu Bei and Cao Cao contend for the world, Zhuge Liang was born in the middle of Gansu province from the establishment of meritorious service and great achievement.
Xiang Jisheng said, "Shu Qing defends the Dan point, which is beneficial to the whole country. It built its daughter from the Qin emperor to have a clear platform. Liu Xuande and Cao Cao fought for the world, Zhu Gekongming started in Longzhong, and the ignorance of the two parties was in a corner. How can the world know it? Yu District was defeated in the house, and Fang raised his eyebrows instantly, saying that there was a hall view; What is known? What is the difference between a frog in a well? "
that's my ambition. in the next five years, my wife will come back. When I was in the middle of the porch, I asked about the ancient things, or learned a few books. My wife returned to Ning and said to the younger sisters, "I heard that my sister has a pavilion, and what is a pavilion?" In the next six years, my wife died, and the ridge of Ridge was not renovated. After another two years, I was ill in bed for a long time without any sustenance, and sent people to repair the south pavilion again, the pattern is slightly different from the past. However, after this I am more outside, not resident here.
There is a cypress tree in the court, which was planted by my wife when she died. Now it is as graceful as a building.
Translation
Xiang Ji Xuan is the original South Pavilion. The indoor area is only ten feet square, which can accommodate one person. Because it is an old house with a history of a hundred years, dust and soil often leak from the roof, especially when it rains, the rain pours down directly; Every time I move the table, it seems that there is no place to put it. Plus, the door opens to the north, so it can't be directly exposed to the sun. After noon, the sun is off, and the room is dark. I repaired it slightly, so that it no longer leaks rain and falls ash. Four new windows were opened in front of the room, and a wall was built around the yard to block the sunlight from the south. After the sunlight reflected, the room was bright. In front of the court, I planted orchids, osmanthus trees, bamboo, etc., which added new luster to the old railings. Borrowed books are piled up with bookshelves, where I live leisurely, sometimes whistling or singing, and sometimes sitting quietly alone, and the sounds of nature can be clearly heard; In front of the court and under the steps, it was very quiet. Birds flew down from time to time to peck, and people didn't leave before it. On the night of the fifteenth day of each month in the lunar calendar, the bright moon hangs high and shines on the wall. In the moonlight, the shadows of osmanthus trees in the court are sparse and dense, the breeze is blowing, and the shadows of flowers are shaking, beautiful and lovely. But I live here, and I have many feelings of joy and sadness.
before this, the courtyard was connected with the north and the south, which was a whole. After the separation of uncles, there were more indoor and outdoor doors and partition walls everywhere. The owner's dog barks at Xijia, the guests have to go over the neighbor's kitchen to eat, and the chicken stays in the hall. The court began to be fenced off, and then it was walled off, and the total change was twice. There is an old woman at home who once lived here. This old woman, a servant of my dead grandmother, has been a wet nurse for two generations in my family, and her mother treated her well when she was alive. The west of the porch is connected with the inner room, and my mother once came to the porch. The old woman often says to me, "This place, your mother used to stand here." The old woman also said, "When your sister was a child, I held her in my arms, and she cried in an arc;" When your mother heard this, she tapped on the door with her finger and said,' Is the child cold? Do you want to eat?' I'm outside the door-I always answer your mother. "The old woman didn't say that finish, I was moved to tears, and the old woman also shed tears of excitement.
I have been studying in the porch since I was fifteen. One day, my grandmother came to see me. She said, "My child, I haven't seen your shadow for a long time. Why are you here silently all day, really like a girl? " When she left, she gently closed the porch door with her hand and said to herself, "My family has not achieved fame in reading for a long time. This child can wait for success!" After a while, he brought another elephant to the porch and said, "My grandfather Tai Changgong took it to the emperor during the Xuande period. You should use it in the future!" Recalling these things in the old days seems to have just happened yesterday. It's really a long cry!
The east side of Xiangjixuan used to be a kitchen. People had to pass by the porch to go to the kitchen. I live inside with the window closed. After a long time, I can tell who it is according to the footsteps of people walking outside. A ridge porch * * * suffered four fires, but it didn't burn down, probably because of God's protection.
I said, "The widow of Shu inherited and kept the cinnabar mine, and the profit was the highest in the world. Later, the Emperor of the Qin Dynasty built the Huaiqing Terrace for her. Liu Bei and Cao Cao compete for the world, Zhuge