Li Bai and Du Fu are the two peaks of China's Tang poetry and even China's ancient literature. We call them "poets" and "poets" respectively. They all experienced the history of the Tang Dynasty from its heyday to turmoil. In the face of this troubled times, they formed a completely different poetic artistic style and personal character.
Second, the formation of Li Bai and Du Fu's poetic style
The style of Li Bai's poems was formed in the most powerful era of the Tang Dynasty, focusing on expressing personal feelings and praising the desire and pursuit of personal value in free life. His poems are free and unrestrained, clear and fluent, imaginative and magnificent. He inherited the romantic tradition since The Songs of the South and formed his own unique style.
Du Fu's poetic style was formed in the Anshi Rebellion, and gradually took shape in suffering. Du Fu went deep into the society, paid attention to the sufferings of politics and people's livelihood, and attached importance to realism. He shoulders the heavy responsibility of the country and the nation and faithfully depicts the face of the times and inner feelings. Du Fu's artistic style is gloomy and frustrated.
Thirdly, the creative methods of Li Bai and Du Fu's poems.
Li Bai is another outstanding romantic poet after Qu Yuan in the history of China literature. The era in which he lived was mainly the so-called "prosperous Tang Dynasty", which was characterized by the unprecedented strength of the Tang Dynasty empire and various social contradictions and crises lurking. Combined with his experience and ideological character, his poetry presents a romantic style totally different from that of Du Fu, a great realistic poet in the history of China literature. The Tang Dynasty was a period of drastic changes from prosperity to decline. Sharp class contradictions, ethnic contradictions and ruling class contradictions have caused national disasters and people's suffering, and also involved poets in the bottom of society. He also painted a picture of life in that tragic era with a pen, and gradually climbed to the peak of realism. His highly mature realistic creation method is mainly reflected in the poet's narrative poems.
First of all, Li Bai's poems and songs have a strong subjective color. Li Bai is not a poet who "never leaves his clan". His passionate feelings and strong personality left an indelible mark on his poems, leaving a strong subjective color of self-expression. When he wanted to be an official in Beijing, he declared, "If I go out with a smile, will my generation be Artemisia?" After being frustrated politically, they shouted: "The road is like a blue sky, and heaven never shuts one door but another"; He misses Chang 'an, that is, "the wind blows my heart and hangs Xianyang tree in the west"; When he climbed Taibai Peak, he asked Taibai to talk to me and open the sky for me. Even when he writes about historical figures, such as Yan Ziling, Zhuge Liang and Xie An, he often regards them as his own incarnations. This strong subjective emotional color adds overwhelming momentum to his poems and makes readers feel warm and cordial. Du Fu often expresses subjectivity and objectivity. Du Fu's poems are good at expressing subjective thoughts. Let the characters speak with facts, which is the greatest feature of Du Fu's poems and the greatest skill of Du Fu. For example, in Two Roads, the author describes the scenes and plots with a serious attitude from beginning to end, so that the poet's feelings and tendencies are naturally revealed from the scenes and plots.
Secondly, Li Bai's poems are bold and exaggerated. Poems such as "White hair three thousands of feet, long sorrow" and "Yanshan snowflake is as big as a seat" have long been typical of exaggeration in literary description. His drinking capacity is also "let me, 300 bowls, a long drink!" " There is also "worry about drinking two thousand stones." His ascent even reached the point where "the highest cliff is only one foot from the sky" and "put your hands up close to the moon". Bold and uninhibited poems can be seen everywhere, which is amazing. Du Fu pays attention to detail description. Du Fu is good at capturing the expressive details that can show the character characteristics and mental outlook of the characters to shape the characters. For example, "No matter what demands are made on them, does a soldier dare to hate them?" This detail not only reveals the painful feelings of servants who dare to speak out, but also reveals the cruel oppression of feudal rule, which deeply reflects the author's sympathy and indignation. Another example is "Silent Night" in Li Shihao. The vivid description of this detail stems from the author's careful observation and experience of objective real life, such as "fish in drizzle, swallow in breeze"
Third, Li Bai's bold exaggeration is inseparable from his rich imagination. Therefore, in Li Bai's poetry creation, imagination is always so unexpected, so naive and pure, which deeply touches the readers' heartstrings. What best embodies this feature are some poems about the "moon". He likes the moon, so he imagines that the moon can be asked, chased and picked. For example, in "Let Wine Go Month by Month", he wrote: "When will the moon come? I stopped for a drink today to ask, people can't climb the bright moon, and the moon goes with people. " "Xie Tiao Building in Xuanzhou Farewell to Uncle Pai Yun" said: "Everyone wants to fly and fly, and wants to catch the bright moon in the blue clouds." He often takes the bright moon as his confidant, imagining that the bright moon can accompany him to drink, send him on a long journey, relieve his loneliness and entertain his homesickness, even when the moonlight is insufficient. Therefore, he often spreads his fantasy wings and flies to the fairyland in the sky, seeking light and freedom. Another example is "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream". The poet created a wonderful fairy world with fantasy, which strongly reflected the dark social reality and Li Bai's desire and pursuit for freedom and liberation. Du Fu is good at making a typical artistic summary of real life, choosing characters with typical significance, creating numerous characters and describing the vast number of elderly people who have fled over the wall in social life. A group of portrait galleries consists of an old woman and Yang who were rescued in the river, a man recruited in Xin 'an, a bride who got married in the morning and a homeless single man. So many true, vivid and typical characters are outstanding contributions of Du Fu's poems.
Finally, Li Bai's poems are full of strange metaphors, such as "looking down on friends and worrying about nine peaks", and using peaks to describe the suspicion between friends is novel and magnificent. "The Yellow River can hold soil, and the north wind can't hate rain and snow." It's really thrilling to use the thrilling metaphor of the Yellow River to compare the desperate sorrow of the wives of the fallen soldiers. The waterfalls, the Yellow River, the autumn moon and the mountain peaks he wrote are magnificent, magnificent and smart. Du Fu's poems have personalized character language. In order to make the characters lifelike, he used the characters' language to describe the psychology and shape the image. The poem "Newly Married" is completely written in the bride's monologue, leaving her helplessness, resentment, complaints and worries when saying goodbye to her husband. Thus, an image of a working woman with rich feelings and deep understanding of benevolence and righteousness was created. His "Homeless" and "Farewell the Old and Welcome the New" are also monologues, and both Xin 'an officials and Tongguan officials use dialogue. The writing of these characters is popular and simple, which accords with their personality, identity and age. When they read them, they seem to see their people and hear their voices.
Of course, Li Bai's romanticism also contains elements of realism. What best embodies this feature is his poems about immortals, such as "Antique" (XIX). The first part is about Huashan Wonderland, and the next part is "Looking down on Luoyang River, walking in Hu Bing, bleeding weeds, crowing the crown with wolves." It is about the painful reality of the bloody Central Plains. Poets put beauty. It shows the poet's spirit of hating darkness and pursuing freedom, and his sincere feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Poems such as Shu Dao Nan, Meng Li Deng Tian Mu Shan, and Difficult to Go to Heaven embody this artistic feature. Du Fu's poems are good at reflecting reality with truth, but many of his works also reveal the light of idealism. For example, "other mountains are dwarfed under the sky." Wang Yue's "Almost Done" shows the poet's self-confidence and lofty sentiments when he was young. Chang 'an went to a restaurant to sleep, but the son of heaven didn't get on the boat, claiming that the minister was Brewmaster. "Writing romantic characters in a romantic style is vivid and radiant." Song of the Autumn Wind Breaking the Hut highlights the poet's idealism and dedication.
Fourthly, the ideological content of Li Bai's and Du Fu's poems is compared.
Many of Li Bai's poems show the idea of pursuing immortality and eating, drinking and enjoying in time; Many of Du Fu's poems show the thoughts of worrying about the world and caring for others. So Li Bai is called "Poet Fairy" and Du Fu is called "Poet Saint".
On the one hand, Li Bai accepted the Confucian creed of "saving the world", on the other hand, he accepted the Taoist thought of pursuing absolute freedom and despising everything in the world. He is a romantic poet, who creatively uses many romantic expressions in his poems, giving people a feeling of being on cloud nine. In his poems, he uses exaggerated techniques to set off personification, such as "Don't you see, how the water of the Yellow River moves out of the sky and into the ocean, never to return", "Flying down to thousands of feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days", "Will there be frost on such a bright line at the foot of my bed?" But "since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with a sword, raising a glass to eliminate our worries is even more worrying" reflects the poet's unique temperament and style.
Du Fu's opening summary carried forward China's fine tradition of realism in poetry creation, which had a far-reaching influence on later generations. He is good at selecting and summarizing typical social phenomena, selecting and shaping typical characters, and with his own love and hate, making these images real and vivid, with strong artistic effects. Most of his poems are used to reflect people's sufferings and state affairs. Du Fu's study of dialogue and spoken language in folk songs greatly improved the expressive force of poetry and made it closer to life and people. His Yuefu narrative poems profoundly reflected the social outlook of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and became a true portrayal of social contradictions and struggles at that time, profoundly expressing his lofty thoughts of caring for the country and the people all his life, such as "Zhu Men is intoxicating and smelly, and the road freezes to death".
Li Bai and Du Fu are two peaks in the history of China's poetry. Li Bai's poems can better express the vigorous and enterprising spirit of the literati in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, while Du Fu's poems can better reflect the social reality that the country broke the poverty of the people. Li Bai's genius is free, his poems are self-contained, and he is a gifted genius. Du Fu is an outstanding contemporary man, and his poems are the acme of human ability. Li Bai's poems have a far-reaching influence on later poets who love bold poetic style and fancy. Du Fu's poems have a great influence on later poets who care about social reality, pay attention to changes in poetic methods and choose words and sentences.
Li Bai, a teenager, is studious and likes literature. Good people travel to famous mountains all their lives. When he was young, he ran away from home and wandered around the country. Later, he was called a literary attendant by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. However, at that time, politics became more and more corrupt. After less than two years, he left angrily because he offended powerful people. During this period, Li Bai's poetry and song creation tended to be mature, and famous works appeared one after another. After the Anshi Rebellion, Li Bai suffered misfortune and eventually died of poverty and drift. His life. For example, Li Bai's binge drinking, fencing and ball skills can be described as having both ability and political integrity and literary talent. As a giant in the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai was praised as a poet by later generations, which shows that he is brilliant. His poems also fully show his heroic character.
Du Fu's poems have different styles. Du Fu's creation is not as unrestrained as Li Bai's. On the contrary, Du Fu's poems are largely based on the experience of predecessors to express themselves and strictly follow various formats. There are few ingenious brushstrokes like Li Bai. Du Fu's attitude towards poetry writing is rigorous, which is also because he was down and out all his life. He often runs around the powerful mansion to make a living and earn some money by his own poems and songs. I understand that it is just a rigorous structure.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Comparison of literary and artistic features between Li Bai's and Du Fu's poems.
Li Bai and Du Fu represent two completely different artistic styles. Li Bai's poems and songs often use strange exaggeration and imagination to express a sense of prosperity beyond nature, while Du Fu uses realistic methods to care about the true reproduction of objects. One of them is an outstanding representative of romantic poets, and the other is the peak poet of realism. Their style led to the different tone of the article. Reading Li Bai's poems will be amazed by his heroic and positive attitude, and reading Du Fu's poems will be moved by his depressed feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Therefore, to analyze their artistic characteristics, we must start with the poetry itself and emotion.
Compare Du Li's emotional tone;
Li Bai embodies a kind of unrestrained and heroic beauty, so the feelings he reflects are often a strong and clear way to express his feelings, just like the majestic water rushing down the Yellow River, galloping between heaven and earth with a rapidly changing imagination, crossing the ages without a trace. "How does the Yellow River water move out of the sky and into the ocean, never to return" and "Going out with a smile, is it an Artemisia of our generation?" The poet's heroic feelings make his poetry expression magnificent. Strange elegance. Du Fu's poems often express a depressed and frustrated thought of worrying about the country and the people. Reading Du Fu's poems, I feel that every word reveals Du Fu's anxiety about the country and the people. This kind of emotional tone contains deep feelings of worrying about the country and the people, so it has a far-reaching impact, with ups and downs and repeated sighs. "I've heard a lot about Dongting Lake, and now I'm on this tower. There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south. I can see the endless floating of heaven and earth, but I haven't heard from my relatives and friends. I'm old and sick, and I'm alone, thinking for thousands of years. First, he started writing from the vast atmosphere of Dongting Lake. Suddenly, he had mixed feelings, things were transformed, and relatives and friends were separated. The last sentence: "there are wars and mountains to the north of this wall. How can I not cry next to this railing?" ",shows the author's depressed mood. Every time he reads this article, he feels sad and boring.
Comparison of creative themes:
Du Li's poems are very different in artistic features and creative methods. Many of Li Bai's poems and songs describe the spiritual world. In traveling, he often entrusts the poet's secular feelings, or takes the initiative to join the WTO, or despises powerful people, or indulges in landscapes. However, in Li Bai's poems and songs, we will find that the objective world in his works always leaves the poet's romantic sentiment with strong subjective color. Although it was still as dark as silk in the morning, it turned into snow at night, with white hair and three thousands of feet, and sorrow like a beard. The author's sadness is more heroic and heroic on the basis of the author's positive attitude.
On the subject matter of Du Fu's creation, contrary to Li Bai, Du Fu is more of an empty expression. Du Fu will hide his deep feelings in the description of objective things and let the things themselves impress readers. Through the true description of things, he will write in an almost sketchy way, showing infinite feelings, which are contained in limited scenery. Du Fu's description of their extravagance is not directed at their extravagance, but at their clothes and diet.
Comparison between poetic genre and creative idea;
In terms of genre, Li Bai is good at relatively free classical poems, quatrains and Yuefu poems, and doesn't like strict metrical poems. Judging from his representative works, most of them appear in the style of these three poems. There are 59 pieces of Ancient Style, which are his five representative works of ancient prose. The scenery is magnificent, magnificent, colorful and lyrical, and the feelings are unrestrained, fluctuating and changeable. Li Bai is also good at writing quatrains. His famous poems include Silent Night Thinking, Looking at Lushan Waterfall, Yellow Crane Tower Farewell to Meng Haoran's Yangzhou Tour, Looking at Tianmen Mountain, Early Making a Best City, and Presenting Wang Lun, etc. Li Bai and Wang Changling have been regarded as outstanding poets in Yuefu poetry in all previous dynasties. In the aspect of Yuefu poems, Li Bai used the old Yuefu poems, and the language was simple and natural, just as he pursued "clear water gives birth to hibiscus".
On the other hand, Du Fu broke through the shackles of the old Yuefu poems and created many new Yuefu poems, such as Three Officials and Three Farewells. The representative works of Du Fu's rhythmic poems include Eight Poems, Moonlight, Hope in Spring and Prosperity in Autumn. Du Fu is good at refining emotional quips. At the same time, compared with Li Bai's natural words, which don't pay attention to refinement, Du Fu always insists on the creative style of "making beautiful sentences for human nature, and words are not amazing and endless". His poems pay attention to the choice of words and sentences, and the sentence patterns are often novel and innovative, and his poems are refined and neat, which makes people far behind.