The expressive skills of appreciating ancient poems in senior high school I. Lyrical skills
(A) direct lyric (direct expression of ideas)
In the first person? Me? As a lyric subject, it directly expresses the author's thoughts and feelings. Example: Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking people? They never want to be seen with a sincere face.
(2) Indirect lyricism
1. Express your wishes by supporting things:
Using the characteristics of something in nature can show our mind, attitude and understanding of life. The things in this poem are personified.
For example: Yu Shinan's cicada: The cicada hangs like a tassel on a hat, and its tentacles suck the clear dew, and its voice comes from the straight branches of Shu Lang. Cicada is far away from cicada because cicada is on a tall tree, not relying on autumn wind. ? Three or four sentences in the poem spread the truth that a noble person can be well-known without any external support, thus expressing warm praise and high confidence in his inner character. Another example is plum blossom, lotus flower and lotus flower.
2. Use scenery to express emotions:
Poets put their feelings and thoughts in the scenery and express them by describing the scenery.
Example:? The rain in the early morning moistened the dust of the land, the inn of the inn, the branches and leaves of the inn, and a new leaf I advise you to have a glass of wine. There is no reason not to go out. ? Yu Chao? Set off the poet's sadness when he bid farewell to his friends; ? Willow? Symbolizing parting, folding willows and giving gifts to each other to remember the past, adding a deep feeling of parting.
Because different poems have different lyric ways, you can get a general idea of the following styles, and you must master them if you don't do it. For example:
There are plenty of music scenes to set off sadness: every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in the water, and Nautilus Island is a nest of herbs. But I looked at my hometown, and the twilight was getting thicker, and the mist of sadness was filled on the river waves.
Some are set off by music scenes: the rivers, mountains and forests are beautiful, and the clouds are fresher every day. When you are at the road sign, you will feel the longing for spring.
Some of them are set off by sad scenes: Huang Yun is smoking in the daytime, and the north wind is blowing geese and snow. Mochow has no ego in front of her, and everyone knows you.
Some of them set off their sad feelings with sad scenery: the jade fence should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed it. Ask how much sorrow you can have, just like a river flowing eastward.
3. Scene mixing:
There are both elements of scenery description and lyricism in the poem, and the two are integrated and difficult to distinguish.
Example:? Although a country is divided, mountains and rivers still exist, trees and grass turn green again in spring, petals flow down like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows. ?
The difference between lyricism through scenery and lyricism through scene blending;
Lyric by borrowing scenery: In this lyric way, the scenery is the entity of description, and the poet's thoughts and feelings are not directly exposed. Mainly through the objective description of the scenery to express their thoughts and feelings. Only when readers taste, chew and dig the connotation of a specific scene will they realize the feelings that the poet has entrusted behind this scene.
Example:? Old friends frequently waved to me, bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower, and traveled to Yangzhou in this beautiful spring filled with catkins and flowers. Sailing alone in the blue sky, I can see the Yangtze River flowing in the sky. ? Poet capture? Sailing alone? The Yangtze river flows? These two dynamic pictures vividly depict the disappearance of distant ships and outline the poet's gaze. Lyricism through scenery shows the deep friendship between the poet and Meng Haoran and expresses a very sincere friendship.
Scenery blending: also known as emotion (things) in scenery and emotion in scenery, the poet's subjective thoughts and feelings are blended in colorful scenery descriptions, and the objective scenery is obviously contaminated with the poet's strong subjective feelings, such as? The branches of red apricots are in spring? .
For example: Du Fu's "Spring Watch"? Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness. Flowers and birds in spring were originally a joyful scene, but for poets immersed in grief, they burst into tears and shocked people, and their feelings of worrying about their country and homesickness were vivid and profound. These two sentences blend with each other, setting off the poet's sad feelings with beautiful scenery, which is touching.
4. Use the past to satirize the present (remembering the past and hurting the present):
Satire the present dynasty with historical events.
For example, Li Qingzhao's Wujiang River: Live and be a man among men; Die and become the soul in the soul. Today, people still miss Xiang Yu because he refused to live and returned to the East. ? By praising the heroic spirit of Chu overlord Xiang Yu who would rather die than cross the Wujiang River, he condemned the Song Dynasty's behavior of fleeing south in haste and not thinking about returning to the north.
Second, rhetorical devices.
1. Metaphor (simile, metaphor, metonymy. ) 2. analogy 3. Duality 4. Exaggeration 5. metonymy
6. question 7 Ask questions. Contrast 9. Pun 10。 Intertextuality
1. Reference 12. Truth 13. Repeat 14. Synaesthesia 15. sign
Third, the description technique.
1. Line drawing:
This is the professional name of Chinese painting, which uses ink lines to describe objects without color. Used in literary creation, it refers to a writing method that depicts vivid images with concise pen and ink without comparison.
Example:? My father plowed Harada and my son plowed mountains. The grain is not obvious in June, and the housekeeper has repaired the warehouse. ? By means of line drawing, this paper depicts a picture of father and son working hard and officials building granaries, which shows the profound theme of feudal rulers exploiting and squeezing farmers.
2. Rendering:
This is a painting method of Chinese painting. It has an unusual artistic effect to smear the picture with ink or light color. The expression of literary and artistic creation is to describe, describe and compare the writing objects, and emphasize the places that need to be emphasized.
For example: (poetry)? Mei Huang Shi, every family was flooded by rain, and the pond was covered with green grass and frogs. It's past midnight, and the invited guests haven't come yet. I tapped the chess pieces bored and shook the wick of an oil lamp. ? Here? Is it raining at home? Frogs everywhere? Render the atmosphere and set off the quiet and anxious mood at night. Wrote the anxious waiting mood.
3. Side foil:
The main object of description is not positive portrayal, but by writing about the people and environment around, the main object is more distinct and prominent. It belongs to the introduction description.
For example: (poetry)? The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations. ? Writing about Liu Bei is often asked, which shows Kong Ming's cleverness from the side.
4. The combination of reality and reality:
Some are true, and none are empty; Evidence is truth, and false support is empty; The obvious is true, and the hidden is empty; Reality is true, imagination is false.
For example: (poetry)? When you ask about the return date, it's hard to say, evening rain, Manqiuchi. When * * * cut the candle at the west window, but talk about the rain at night. ? This poem was written twice? Late rain? The first time is real writing, and the second time is imaginary writing: imagine meeting your wife one day. * * * Cut the western window candle? I will recall the scene in Rain at Night tonight.
Virtual writing is divided into two categories: association and imagination. What does exist is that things are related, from this to that. Like what? The street lamp in the distance is very clear, as if there are countless stars flashing? . The re-creation of thinking is imagination, and the imaginary fairy world and dreams are imagination. Climbing Mount Tianmu and young beauty like a dream.
Set out:
Divided into positive lining and negative lining.
Contrast: Use similar things to set off what is depicted. For example, in Ailian, chrysanthemums are used to set off lotus flowers.
Contrast: Set off the depicted things with opposite or different things. Like what? Although the icicles on the cliff are still hanging for miles. There is a sweet flower in it. ?
For example: (poetry)? The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant. ? The forest is deep and dense, with little sunshine. Only when the sun sets, will a few corners come in obliquely, so that the moss on the ground shines. Just as lightning can reveal the darkness at night, it illuminates the light and makes people feel the darkness and depth of the forest.
6. Contrast:
Contrast is both descriptive and rhetorical.
For example: (poetry)? The six generations of Taicheng are luxurious, and making love in spring is the most luxurious. The front door of every household has become a weed because of a flower in the backyard. ? The whole poem takes Taicheng, the place where the emperors lived in politics in the Yuan Dynasty, as the title, and describes the dissolute life of the Six Dynasties, which is in contrast with the bleak scene of overgrown weeds now, and makes a shocking concrete image of serious historical lessons, and entrusts with the feelings of infinitely mourning the past and drawing lessons from the present.
7. The combination of dynamic and static:
The combination of dynamic and static refers to the dynamic and static description of things and scenery, which sets off each other, expands the artistic conception from multiple angles and forms a kind of interest.
(1) Dynamic lining is static. For example, Wang Wei's "Bird Singing Stream": people are idle and osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and the mountains are empty. When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream. Do poets use flowers, moons, birds and other scenery? Moving? Highlight the spring mountain stream? Quiet? , thus creating a quiet and lofty artistic conception.
(2) Silence is better than sound. For example: (poetry)? Facing the trees and leaves of other countries, I am lonely in the cold night. The Millennium falls frequently in the empty garden, and only Singles and Yu Ye are neighbors. ? Use the technique of dynamic versus static to highlight the silence in the dead of night, only the silence of the sound of dew dripping on dead leaves.
(3) There is movement and stillness, and the combination of movement and stillness. ? Liu Wanmei hangs on the cool moon, and the Zhongshan mirror looks more. Peach blossoms rained in Lanxi for three days, and carp came to the beach at midnight. ? By combining the first two sentences of static scenery with the last two sentences of dynamic scenery, the landscape is bright and moving, the moonlight is fresh and bright, and the joy and joy of fishermen are vividly displayed in the beautiful picture of Ming Che.
8. Detailed information description:
It refers to grasping the subtle and specific typical plots in life and describing them vividly and meticulously, which is reflected in the description of people, scenes or scenes.
For example: (poetry)? The annual autumn wind blows to Luoyang city, and my wandering son doesn't know how his relatives in his hometown are; Writing a letter to peace has too much to say and I don't know where to start. When the letter is written, I am worried that I have not finished what I want to say; When the messenger started, he opened the envelope and gave it to him. ? The poem wrote such a detail: when the letter from home was to be sent, I felt I had something to say, so? Kaifeng again? . Expressed the wandering wanderers' endless yearning for their loved ones in their hometown.
9. Nodes and knots:
? Point? , refers to the detailed description of the image state characteristics that can best represent the personnel scene; So-called? Face? , refers to the narrative or general description of personnel scenery. ? Point? , can highlight the key points and reflect the depth; ? Face? , can take into account the overall situation, reflecting the breadth.
For example: (poetry)? There are no birds flying over those mountains, and there are no traces of people in those paths. A boat on the river, a fisherman wearing his webworm moth; Fishing alone is not afraid of snow and ice. ? In this poem, Qianshan and Wan Jing are faces, and Duzhou and Li Weng are points.
10. Action for change:
When describing a scene, people move from one scene to another, and with the change of observation points, new pictures are constantly displayed.
For example: (poetry)? The moon rises like a mirror, and the sea clouds twinkle like palaces. ? At night, when the river is calm, look down at the reflection of the moon in the water, just like a mirror flying down from the sky; During the day, looking up at the sky, the clouds rise and change endlessly, forming a mirage-like spectacle.
Fourth, the description angle.
Angle can be divided into sensory angle and azimuth angle.
Sensory angle mainly refers to touch, vision, hearing, smell and taste, mostly in combination.
Azimuth mainly refers to the combination of far, near, high, low, up, down, inside and outside.
Expand your attention: distinguish between expressions and expression skills.
The ways of expression are narration, description, discussion, lyric, explanation and so on.
The broad understanding of expression skills refers to expression skills, expression techniques, artistic techniques, artistic skills and so on.
The answer to the appreciation of ancient Chinese poetry in senior high school is 1. Character image problem: character characteristics+concrete analysis+author's emotion.
2. Landscape imagery: translation+landscape (artistic conception, atmosphere) characteristics+author's emotion.
3. The image of things: the characteristics of things+concrete analysis+the author's intention (expressing his wishes by supporting things)
4. Word refining questions: meaning+sentence meaning+technique+analysis+emotion
5. Sentence refining questions (appreciation questions): sentence meaning+technique+analysis+emotion
6. Expression skills: skills+analysis+emotion