If poetry is abundant, it is the Tang Dynasty; If there is any poem that people like best, it is pastoral poetry.
After Tao Yuanming, a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, initiated the pastoral style, the pastoral poems in the Tang and Song Dynasties mainly became poems written by reclusive literati and officials who retired from officialdom to rural life. The pastoral school is represented by Meng Haoran and Wang Wei, as well as Chu Guangxi, Chang Jian, Zuyong, Qi and others. They inherited the creative traditions of pastoral poetry and landscape poetry of Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun and Xie Tiao since Jin and Song Dynasties, and formed a school of poetry with the same theme and similar artistic style. Their poems depict natural landscapes and idyllic scenery, show the interest of returning to simplicity and love for raising, and express the leisure and ambition of seclusion. Their poetic style is fresh and natural, and their artistic conception is far away. They write landscapes vividly, which improves the artistic skills of expressing natural scenery in poetry and is a wonderful flower in the garden of Tang poetry art. There are not only scenery descriptions in the poem, but also the poet's rich thoughts and feelings. There are feelings in the scenery, and the scenery is seen in the feelings.
For example, Wang Wei's "Autumn Night in the Mountains": after the rain, the mountains are empty and stand in the autumn night. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.
After a new rain, my valley became quieter and quieter. As night falls, a cool breeze blows gently, which makes people feel more autumn. The bright moonlight reflected the pine forest, and the spring water gurgled over the stone. There were bursts of laughter and laughter in the bamboo forest. It turns out that the washerwoman is back and the lotus leaves are floating. That's a fishing boat going down the river. Although the fragrance of spring has long gone, I am intoxicated with this wonderful autumn color and still yearn for a long stay.
This famous landscape painting is the representative work of Wang Wei's pastoral poems. It depicts the fresh and beautiful mountain scenery in the evening after the autumn rain in the mountain village, shows the poet's love for nature and interest in seclusion in the mountains, and entrusts the poet with his noble feelings and pursuit of ideal realm in his poems and paintings.
The most outstanding artistic features of this poem are poetic and picturesque, and the scene blends. This poem highlights the characteristics of Wang Wei's "painting in poetry". With the artist's ingenuity, the author not only has the layout of the background, but also has wonderful scenes, in which there are people. The beautiful autumn night scenery is dotted with scenes of life-rich characters' activities, which makes the picture come alive immediately. More importantly, the poet skillfully integrated his secluded feelings, indifferent and carefree state of mind, lofty and elegant taste and natural and tranquil external image description, which injected vitality into the image. Secondly, the poet writes landscapes, observes them in detail, combines motion and static, and uses melody to show them in detail. For example, Empty Mountain, New Rain, Bamboo Noise and Lotus Music all reflect meticulous feelings; Couplets are dynamic, and necklaces are pure dynamic. The bright moon and the clear spring are heavy in color, and the bamboo noise is heavy in sound. The description of color and sound state enhances the vividness and vividness of poetry. In addition, the poem is ingenious in conception, concise in language, fresh in style and beautiful in artistic conception.
The same is true of Meng Haoran's Passing through the Old Village: Prepare chicken rice for me, old friend, and entertain me on your farm. Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city. Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops. Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes.
My old friend prepared a meal and invited me to his country house. Surrounded by green trees outside the village, there are green hills standing obliquely outside the city. Open the window, face the threshing floor and vegetable garden, raise a glass and drink, and talk about farming. Wait until the Double Ninth Festival, and I will see the chrysanthemums.
This poem is the most representative work of Meng Haoran's pastoral poetry. The whole article takes the invitation of the old farmer as the content, describes the quiet and beautiful rural scenery and shows simple and sincere friendship.
The most prominent feature of this poem is that it combines the quiet and beautiful pastoral scenery with the simple and sincere friendship between people with simple and natural language and simple painting method, creating a quiet and leisurely artistic conception. The first couplet begins with a plain narrative, so the old man invited chicken and millet, which seems to be the beginning of a very plain family language. The natural scenery seen in the process of writing couplets is from near to far, with distinct levels, correct sentence patterns and bright colors. The use of verbs "He" and "Xie" makes the picture lively and elegant. The first sentence of the neck couplet explains the environment, and the second sentence says that the guest and the host enjoy drinking and talking about farming, showing the interest and cordial friendship of rural life. Writing farewell at the end of the couplet means that you will come back to enjoy chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival. Two faint sentences reveal the intimate relationship between the host and the guest and the poet's pleasant mood as a guest. The whole poem adopts narrative description, without direct lyricism, but it is full of deep friendship between subject and object, and also reflects the love for rural life. The beauty of this poem lies in its style. It doesn't pursue hammering words and sentences, but simply makes a brief description of invitation, visit and farewell in plain and natural home language, and then feels infatuated. It can be said that the words are shallow and affectionate, and the language is light and rich, which really reaches a natural artistic realm.
Beauty, the pastoral landscape in ancient poetry.