Also known as "modern poetry". Poetic style name. The generic names of metrical poems and quatrains formed in the Tang Dynasty are relatively the same as those of classical poems. There are strict rules on the number, number of words, level and rhyme of sentences.
Modern poetry
That is, "modern poetry."
Lvshi
Poetic style name. A modern poem. Strict rules, hence the name. Originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and matured in the early Tang Dynasty. Eight sentences, four rhymes or five rhymes. The two leagues in the middle must fight each other. The second, fourth, sixth and eighth sentences rhyme, and the first sentence can be played or not, usually in a flat voice. Divided into five words and seven languages, referred to as the five laws and seven laws. Occasionally, there are six methods. If each song has more than ten sentences, it is the law of exclusivity. In a metrical poem, every two sentences are called a pair of couplets. The first couplet (one or two sentences) of the Five Laws and Seven Laws is called the first couplet, the second couplet (three or four sentences) is called the platoon couplet, the third couplet (five or six sentences) is called the neck couplet, and the fourth couplet (seven or eight sentences) is called the tail couplet. The first sentence of each couplet is called "antithesis" and the next sentence is called "antithesis".
Metrical Poetry
A kind of poem. The form has certain norms and the phonology has certain rules. If there is any change, you need to follow certain rules. The common forms in China's classical metrical poems are quatrains and five-character and seven-character metrical poems. The number of words, sentence patterns and rhymes in each tune of the lyrics and songs have certain norms, which can also be called metrical poems.
A long metrical poem (usually five characters per line)
Poetic style name. A kind of metrical poem. Named after the arrangement and extension of metrical poems. Each song has at least ten sentences and as many as one hundred rhymes. In addition to the first and last couplets, the upper and lower sentences need antithesis. There are also antitheses called "Fan Dui".
Quatrain
That is, "a unique poem." Also known as "broken sentences" and "broken sentences". Poetic style name. Cut, break, absolutely, all have the meaning of shortcut, so it is named because there are only four sentences. It is mainly composed of five words and seven words, referred to as five absolutely and seven absolutely. There are six quatrains. Passers-by in the Tang Dynasty clung to their bodies and had certain requirements for leveling and rhyming. Some people say that this poem is made by intercepting half of the metrical poem. But before the formation of regular poems in the Tang Dynasty, there were quatrains, which rhymed and were more free. For example, there is an ancient quatrain in New Yutai Fu, which is used by later generations to distinguish it from modern quatrains.
You should write poems.
A poem written and reconciled by the emperor in feudal times. After the Tang Dynasty, most of them were arranged in five words, six rhymes or eight rhymes. Most of the content is eulogizing, and a few also stated some expectations for the emperor.
Trial post poem
Poetic style name. Also known as "endowed with appropriate". Originated in the Tang Dynasty, influenced by Tiejing and Tieshi, it was adopted by the imperial examination. Most of them are five-character, six-rhyme or eight-rhyme styles, with ancient poems or idioms as the topic and the word "Fu" as the topic. The rhyme is limited, so the content must be relevant. The restrictions in the Qing dynasty were particularly strict.
rhyme
Refers to the rhyme or rhyme book on which a poem is based. In the Sui Dynasty, Lu made a speech and wrote Qieyun, which was divided into 206 rhymes, which was too fine to rhyme. In the early Tang Dynasty, it was stipulated that similar rhymes could be used together. Liu Yuan, a Pingshui person in the Southern Song Dynasty, compiled the Brief Rhyme of the Book of Rites in Renzi New Magazine, and merged the rhymes used together into 107, and later generations simplified them into 106, which is called Pingshui Rhyme. This is a rhyme that has been used to this day. The rhyming books actually used in the Tang Dynasty are roughly the same as those compiled by Heping Yunshui.
rhyme
Also called "rhyme". When writing a poem, rhyme is called at the end of the sentence or at the couplet. The old cause rhymes, rhyming the same or the same, but there are also a few variations. The rhyme of poetry is not only convenient for reciting or memorizing, but also makes the work have the beauty of rhythm and timbre.
Modern poetry rhymes.
Modern poetry has strict rhyming requirements. No matter quatrains, metrical poems or verses, they should all be rhymed with flat rhyme feet until the end, and no adjacent rhymes are allowed to pass.
Ancient poetry rhymes.
Classical poetry generally rhymes. Transferable rhyme, or adjacent rhyme; You can bet that it rhymes or rhymes. In rhyme, we should distinguish between rising tone, falling tone and entering tone. Generally, different tones do not match, and only rising and falling tones can occasionally match.
rhyme
One is Harmony and Xie Yun. Poetic terminology. It is said that some rhymes, such as pronunciation, are not in harmony with other rhymes of the same poem, so it is necessary to change a certain sound to coordinate the rhymes. Some literati in the Southern and Northern Dynasties read the Book of Songs according to the pronunciation at that time, and found that many poems were not harmonious in rhyme, so they temporarily changed some words in their works to a certain pronunciation. In the Ming Dynasty, Changdi began to use the principle of sound change, thinking that the so-called pronunciation of Ye Yun is an ancient local sound, which can be rhymed by reading the ancient sound and cannot be changed at will.
Yun Tong
Poetic terminology. It means that two or more rhymes can be connected, or part of them can be connected. When writing poems, rhymes can guarantee each other. For example, "one east" and "two winters", "four branches" and "five micro", "fourteen cold" and "fifteen deletions" in Ping Yun Shui can be linked. Classical poetry uses wide rhymes, while modern poetry uses strict rhymes.
Change the rhyme
Also known as "rhyme". Poetic terminology. Except for metrical poems and quatrains, ancient poems, especially long poems, can change their rhymes freely, and are not limited to flat, oblique or neighboring poems. When turning rhyme, it is often to change the rhyming sentence first, and then to follow the rhyming foot at the end.
(of old poems) a difficult rhyme format.
Poetic terminology. It means that sentences rhyme with difficult words, which makes people feel that there is no danger, but it can turn difficult words into fluent words without rhyme. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, some poets deliberately put on dangerous rhymes to show off their outstanding achievements. The more Tang Dynasty liked to use dangerous rhyme. In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi used the word "sharp fork" as the rhyme, which was promoted to a masterpiece in the old times. Sing a song with others.
Also known as "singing appreciation" and "singing appreciation". It is said that poetry pays people. There are roughly the following ways: 1 and poetry, only for poetry, not for the original rhyme of poetry; According to rhyme, it is also called homophonic. Harmony poems and quilt poems belong to the same rhyme, but it is not necessary to use their original words; 3 rhyming, that is, using the original rhyming words without following the order; 4 order, also known as rhyme, is to use its original rhyme and original words, and the order must be consistent.
Fenyun
One of the ancient ways to write poetry. It means that when writing a poem, several words are defined as rhyme, and everyone chooses rhyme to write a poem according to rhyme, which is called "rhyme separation" and "rhyme". Ancient poets often used conjunctions, but later they were not limited to conjunctions. Bai Juyi's poem "Flower House Looking at the Snow Banquet" reads: "Plain wall rhymes, red stove patrols to drink cold and warm cups."
Subtheme
One of the ancient ways to write poetry. Several people get together and find a topic to write poems. This is called sub-topic, also called exploration. Generally speaking, everything is a topic and * * * is assigned. The poetic style of Cang Hua in Song Dynasty: "The ancients divided the topic, or each gave a thing, such as a cloud sending people to divide the topic and get a thing." Subtitles sometimes rhyme, but they are not limited.
advance and retreat
Also known as "advance and retreat rhyme". Poetic terminology. One of the special forms of adjacent rhyme. Song's poem "Cang Hua" has a poetic style: "Whoever has pulley rhyme, double out and double in. Those who advance and retreat must advance and retreat. " Wei Qingzhi's Poet Jade Scrap quoted the Miscellaneous Notes of the Prime Minister, saying that Zheng Gu, Miracle, Aunt Huang and others in the Tang Dynasty set the following poetic style as an example: "Each poem has several rhymes: a gourd, a pulley, and a retreat." Advance and retreat are two rhymes, that is, the second and sixth sentences rhyme with a rhyme, and the fourth and eighth sentences rhyme with b rhyme, such as "cold", "deletion" or "fish" and "danger", so it is called.
pulley
Also known as "anchor rhyme". Poetic terminology. Cases that rhyme with advance and retreat. The windlass rhymes, double out and double in. That is, the second and fourth sentences use the rhyme a, and the sixth and eighth sentences use the rhyme b, such as "seven dangers" first, then "six fish" and so on. , also known as the pulley.
Huluge
Also known as "gourd rhyme". Poetic terminology. Cases that rhyme with advance and retreat. Huluyun, first two and then four. Such as "East" and "Winter", the first two rhymes are "East" and the last four rhymes are "Winter". First small and then big, like a gourd, hence the name.
Flat tone
Proper nouns of temperament. The tones of ancient Chinese are divided into four tones: flat, rising, going and entering. Flat refers to the flat sound in the four tones, including flat sound and flat sound; It refers to four tones, including up, down and middle. The phonetics and flat tones used in the old poems are mutually adjusted to make the sounds harmonious, which is called flat tones.
"No matter 135"
A popular formula for the flat format of metrical poems. It is the abbreviation of "135 regardless, 246 is clear". It means that the first, third and fifth words of a seven-character poem can be leveled, and the second, fourth and sixth words must be in accordance with the format and cannot be changed. By analogy, the five-character poem has three sentences, two sentences and four sentences. This formula is concise and lively, but it is not comprehensive and accurate, and it is not applicable to some sentence patterns.
Right sticky
Poetic terminology. Yes, in the sense of relativity, that is to say, the antithesis and antithesis in the same couplet must be opposite, that is, the opposition is true and the opposition is true. Stickiness, in the sense of adhesion and adhesion, means that the last sentence and the first sentence must be the same and sticky, that is, flat and sticky. The right-glued sign mainly depends on whether the levelness of the second, fourth and sixth words of the five words is wrong, and the levelness of the second, fourth and sixth words of the seven words in the most critical position must be clear.
Loss of adhesion
Terminology for writing old-style poems. When writing metrical poems and poems, it is said that there are even mistakes, and the rhyme is incoherent. That is to say, use a flat voice to misuse a flat voice, or use a flat voice to misuse a flat voice. According to Chen Kun's "Continuing the Past" in the Song Dynasty, the words of parallel couples, such as table qi, were also called sticky at that time if they were out of balance.
Four lines and five words of ancient poetry
Provincial names of five-character quatrains. Refers to the five-character method. Four sentences with two rhymes or three rhymes. The flat pattern is set in four bodies, see the meter of modern poetry.
Eight-sentence five-character verse
The provincial names of five-character poems. Eight sentences with four rhymes or five rhymes. The flat pattern is set in four bodies, see the meter of modern poetry.
Seven-syllable/seven-syllable quatrain
Provincial names of seven-character quatrains. Refers to the seven-character law. Four sentences with two rhymes or three rhymes. The flat pattern is set in four bodies, see the meter of modern poetry.
Seven-syllable/seven-syllable metrical poem
The provincial names of seven-character poems. Eight sentences with four rhymes or five rhymes. The flat pattern is set in four bodies, see the meter of modern poetry.
Sanpingdiao
Poetic terminology. Choose three tones at the end of a poem. This is a taboo in modern poetry and one of the typical features of ancient poetry.
Gu Ping
Poetic terminology. Legal taboo. The first word of the five-character "flat and even" sentence pattern is flat, and the third word of the seven-character "flat and even" sentence pattern is flat, so the whole sentence has only one flat voice except rhyme, so it is called flat voice. The regular poems of the Tang Dynasty are the most taboo. If disyllabic words must be used in the position of the first word of five characters or the third word of seven characters in the above sentence pattern, and it is absolutely impossible to change disyllabic words, the method of "difficult to save" should be adopted.
Oti
Every level tone in the law and poetry has its own rules, and those who misuse it are called "sticky". What doesn't conform to the standard is "awkward". The so-called "depression" of predecessors, in addition to sometimes changing the second, fourth and sixth words, focuses on the third word of five words and the fifth word of seven words. These two couplets are both called "awkward sentences", and the first sentence is called "awkward method". Some poets do this on purpose. For example, Xuan Yin Xu said: "The prosperity of Chao (Yue) and Meng (Jiao) is like that of Li (Bai) and Du (Fu), which is the disadvantage of contemporary maturity."
Difficult to preserve
Poetic terminology. In all the major metrical poems, any word that does not conform to the level tone format is called "pride". "Rescue" must be used for "stagnation". If there is stagnation and salvation, it is not a disease. The last sentence should be flat, and the next sentence should be flat. Adjusting the tune to make it harmonious is called "difficult to save" Misrescue can be roughly divided into two categories: 1 this sentence saves oneself, which means it is difficult to save alone. In metrical poems, the five-character "Pingqi" sentence pattern is in the third word of the five-character sentence pattern when the first word is linked and the seven-character "Pingqi" sentence pattern is "lonely" because the third word is linked. 2 save the sentence. The Great Depression will be saved. It is pointed out that when the fourth word of the five-character "flat and even" sentence pattern is inconsistent with the sixth word of the seven-character "flat and even" sentence pattern, a flat-tone word must be used as compensation for the third and fifth words of the five-character sentence pattern. B minor depression can be saved or not. It is pointed out that when the third word of the five-character "flat and even" sentence pattern is inconsistent and the fifth word of the seven-character "flat and even" sentence pattern is inconsistent, a flat and turbid word can be used as compensation for the third word and the fifth word of the seven-character sentence pattern, otherwise it cannot be saved. Self-help and mutual help are often used at the same time.
Gujue
As for the general name of ancient quatrains that don't talk about hierarchy and level, it is relative to the "law" of modern quatrains. There are many awkward sentences in ancient times, which can be used to rhyme or rhyme. Some quatrains use rhymes, but the whole poem uses metrical sentences, or uses deviations and difficulties allowed by metrical poems.
Ancient custom of entering the law
The floorboard of ancient poetry uses the plane format of modern poetry. The features are: 1 Use all or basically all sentences; ② Rhyme changes, mostly flat and even rhyming; Usually seven words, four sentences change rhyme, and the first sentence enters rhyme after rhyme change. The whole poem is like a combination of many "seven musts".
Eight diseases
Ancient terms about the rhythm of poetry. It was put forward by Liang in the Southern Dynasties, saying that eight disadvantages should be avoided when writing poetry, namely, flat head, upper tail, bee waist, crane knee, big rhyme, small rhyme, side button and straight button. According to Wen Jing and Mi Fei, flat head refers to the first and second sentences of a five-character poem, which should not be synchronized with the sixth and seventh sentences. The fifth word at the top of the finger must not be synchronized with the cross (rhyme can be ignored). Bee waist refers to the second word of a five-character poem, which must not be synchronized with the fifth word. The word is thick at both ends and thin in the middle, like a bee's waist. The five characters of crane knee refer to the same words as the fifteen characters. The words are thin at both ends and thick in the middle, like the knees of a crane. According to Cai Kuanfu, some neighbors believe that the first word of the five-character character is voiced, the first word in the middle is voiced, such as bee waist, the first two words are voiced, and the first word in the middle is voiced, such as crane knee. Rhyme means that if the five-character poem uses "new" as rhyme, the first nine words should not be added with the words "people, Tianjin, neighbors, style and Chen" (that is, it conflicts with rhyme). Xiaoyun refers to the overlapping crime except rhyme (that is, the nine-character mutual crime). There is a big button in Fat Girl, that is, five words have the word "moon", so it is not allowed to add the words "fish, yuan, Ruan, wish" and "moon" at the same time. Zhengniu is a small button, which takes "non-combination, agreement and entry" as a group. The word "non-combination" is already in one sentence of five words, so the words "non-combination, agreement and entry" should not be added, resulting in a four-tone disease. Shen Yue said that he was criticized by Zhong Rong and others at that time. Song's "Cang Hua Shi Feng" also said: "There is no need to stop writing poems, and the disadvantages are unfounded. contrast
Poetic terminology. Refers to the duality of words and phrases in poetry. Can be two sentences relative, can also be a sentence relative. Duals generally use the same sentence patterns and parts of speech. As a requirement of metrical poetry, the middle of metrical poetry must be a antithesis, and the first pair and the second pair are not necessarily antithesis. But there are also changes, either the neck joint is not relative or the tail joint is relative; The first couplet is rare. Quatrains are not necessarily opposites, but sometimes they are even sentences.
Gongdui
Poetic terminology. Duality must use the same kind of parts of speech, such as noun to noun, pronoun to pronoun, adjective to adjective, adverb to lyrics, function word to function word. In ancient times, nouns were divided into astronomy, seasonality, geography, utensils, clothing, diet, stationery, literature, vegetation, birds and animals, insects and fish, physique, personnel and human relations. Strictly speaking, duality, part of speech and part of speech should be relative, which is called work pair. Such as "the bright moon is like a mirror, the sea clouds are like a palace"
Kuandui
Poetic terminology. Not workers. As long as the parts of speech are the same, width pairs can be relative. For example, "drink horse rain to scare the water, wear flower dew to drop clothes."
I'm sorry
Poetic terminology. A word has more than two meanings. A poet uses the first meaning in his poems and borrows the second or third meaning at the same time to form a working pair, which is called borrowing. For example, "I often see it in Qi Wang's house, but I have heard it several times before Cui Tangjiu." In addition to borrowing meaning, there is another kind of borrowing right, such as "Mermaids shed pearl-like tears in the moon-green sea, and blue fields breathe their jade in the sun."
Liushui team
Poetic terminology. It means that the relationship between two opposing sentences in couplets is not antagonistic, and the meaning of a single sentence is incomplete. Together, they form a meaning, which seems to go downstream, so it is called. For example, "Wildfire never completely devoured them, but they got tall again in the spring breeze."
Put your palms together (as a Buddhist greeting)
A disease of poetry. Refers to the phenomenon with the same meaning in duality. The antithesis, sentence and antithesis in a couplet are completely synonymous or basically synonymous, which is called crossing hands. This is the poet's taboo.
(Ultra-pure Zhai: Appreciation of China's Poetry)
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