To understand a poem, we should not only rely on relevant notes, but also rely on the knowledge of ancient Chinese, and also look at the context and topic of the poem.
1. Dredge with the ancient knowledge of China.
Flexible use of parts of speech (1)
In poetry appreciation, due to the specific requirements of conciseness, rhyme and flatness, poets often use some words flexibly to enhance the expression effect, so as to meet the requirements of different poetry categories (such as metrical poems, quatrains, words, songs, etc.). Therefore, we should pay attention to this flexible use when interpreting poetry, and apply the knowledge about flexible use of parts of speech learned in classical Chinese to poetry appreciation. For example, the words "Yue" and "Kong" in Chang Jian's Zen after Broken Mountain Temple are both causative words. The word "withered" in "Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, climbed the stairs alone and looked at the horizon" (Yan Shu's "Near Flowers") is also a kind of motivation. The word "mourning" in "I take a long breath to hide my tears and mourn the hardships of people's lives" (Qu Yuan's Lisao) is used as a verb.
(2) The word order is reversed
Because of the specific requirements of poetry, poets will intentionally reverse the order of poetry when creating, so it is necessary to adjust the word order of poetry with the help of "reason"
For example, in Wang Wei's Crossing Ji Xiang Temple, the word order of "a brook sings a curved stone and the sun is tempered by pine trees" should be "spring (meets) dangerous rocks (and) throat, and the sun (penetrates) pine (and) color is cold"; "Affectionate Ying Xiao Wo, born early" (Su Shi "Niannujiao? The correct word order of Red Cliff Nostalgia should be "Ying Xiao Wo's deep affection"; Forty-three years, I still remember that in hope, I will be on the fire on Yangzhou Road "(Xin Qiji," No music? " "The word order of nostalgia in Gubeiting, Jingkou, should be' looking at the middle road and remembering it, forty-three years, Yangzhou Road Fire'; In Wang Wei's Autumn Night in the Mountain, the word order of "the bamboo sings the female to return, and the lotus leaves are collected before the fishing boat" should be "the Huan female returns to the bamboo, and the fishing boat moves to the lotus".
2. Mining context
Poetry is sometimes difficult to interpret, but its content must be reasonable, whether it is real or imaginary, realistic or future (or past). As long as we grasp the principle, we can correctly understand the meaning of poetry.
Such as: "the willow shade is raining, and the residual flowers fall to see the warbler. Who is the protagonist of "Catch up with Los Angeles again" in Wu's Spring Festival? According to the last sentence, it is "spring breeze", which means "spring breeze blew the dream of my hometown overnight" and it "brought the spring breeze to Los Angeles again", which is obviously unreasonable, so we can infer that the subject of the last sentence should be "dream", that is, "dream" and "floating the spring breeze to Los Angeles again"
3. Dredge with poetry
Poetry theme is often the description object of poetry, the center of the content reflected by poetry, and the sustenance of the feelings expressed by poetry. If you pay attention to the poem, you can say that you have understood half of it.
For example, "Whispering flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night" (Li Bai): "Yu Di flies, and secretly scatters into the spring breeze. In this serenade, I heard the willows, and no one can stand the nostalgia. " What is the moral of "breaking willow" in the poem? If we pay attention to the word "smell flute" in the title and add the word "smell" in the third sentence, we will definitely understand that the object of "smell"-"folding willow" is a musical name. Associated with the homophonic relationship between "Liu" and "Liu", the meaning of "farewell" will be very clear, so the homesickness expressed in this poem is self-evident.
"To Secretary Zhang on the Eve of Jinshi" (Zhu Qingyu): "Last night, a red candle was stopped in the bridal chamber to pay homage to my former aunt and uncle. After putting on makeup, I whispered to my husband, is thrush deep and fashionable? " What kind of thoughts and feelings does this poem express? What kind of expression is used? If we don't pay attention to the topic of poetry and only pay attention to the trivial things in the boudoir, then the answer is probably thousands of miles away.
Random thoughts on reading (Song? Zhu): "When half an acre of square pond opens, the sky is high and the clouds are light." . How can the canal be so clear? Because there is flowing water from the source. "What kind of expression does this poem use? What kind of "rational interest" is expressed? If you only look at the poem and don't look at the topic, you can't correctly answer what kind of expression is used, let alone "rational interest".
(Author: Xingtai No.2 Middle School)