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1. The literature from ancient China to Qin Shihuang's unification of China (22 BC1year) is called pre-Qin literature.
Myth existed before the invention of writing. Myth is full of rich imagination and is the source of China's romantic literature.
3. The most popular myths in China are "Goddess of mending the sky", "Houyi shooting at the sun", "Jingwei filling the sea" and "Goddess of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon".
4. Shangshu is the earliest collection of historical documents in China, and it is said that it was edited by Confucius.
5. The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China, including 305 pieces of music from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period.
6. The Songs of Chu was compiled by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty, which included the poems of Qu Yuan and Song Yu. Because of its Chu voice, it is called Chu Ci, which has a far-reaching influence on later literary creation.
7. Qu Yuan is a great patriotic poet in China. Li Sao is Qu Yuan's masterpiece and the only long lyric prose.
8. "Xiu Yuan is a long way to go, and I will go up and down" is a famous sentence in Qu Yuan's Lisao.
9. Pre-Qin prose refers to the prose in the pre-Qin period, which is divided into historical prose and various schools of thought prose. Zuo Zhuan and Warring States Policy are the representatives of historical prose in the pre-Qin period. The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Mozi and Zhuangzi are the representatives of pre-Qin hundred schools of thought.
10, Zuo Zhuan is China's first narrative historical work, which has made great achievements in history, literature and language.
1 1. The Analects of Confucius is a documentary collection of essays, which recorded the words and deeds of Confucius and his students and was written by Confucius' students. This Confucian classic has a great influence on China culture.
12, "Isn't it a pleasure to have friends from afar?" (It's a great pleasure to have friends from afar) "Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you" (don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you), which is a famous saying in The Analects of Confucius.
13, Han Fu is a new literary form in Han Dynasty. This is a poetic essay.
Jia Yi was an outstanding politician and writer in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. His most famous essay is on Qin, a political essay.
15, Sima Xiangru was an outstanding writer of Ci and Fu in the Western Han Dynasty, with Zi Xufu and Shanglin Fu as his representative works.
16, Historical Records is a historical book written by Sima Qian, a famous historian in the Western Han Dynasty, and also a model of biographical literature.
17, Yuefu folk songs in the Han Dynasty played an important role in the history of China's poetry development. Yuefu originally refers to the musical organ established by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Later, people called the poems collected, sorted out and preserved by Yuefu organs Yuefu poems.
18 Peacock Flying Southeast is an outstanding long narrative poem in ancient China, which tells the love tragedy of a young man and woman, and is the peak of the development of narrative poems in Han Yuefu.
19, Nineteen Ancient Poems is a group of anonymous short poems in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, which is the development of Yuefu folk songs and marks the mature stage of five-character poetry skills.
20. During the Jian 'an period at the end of the Han Dynasty, a group of poets inherited the realistic spirit of the folk songs of Yuefu in Han Dynasty and had a unique style of "generosity and sadness", which was called "Jian 'an style".
2 1. The representative writers of Jian 'an literature are Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi, collectively known as "Three Caos".
22. "An old horse crouches in a tiger, with a thousand miles of ambition, a martyr is courageous in his twilight years" is a famous sentence in Cao Cao's "Although a turtle lives long", which shows the heroic mind of being old and strong.
23. Cai Yan, Wen Xi, Jian 'an poetess. Her five-word poems of grief and indignation show the sufferings brought to the people by the political turmoil in the late Han Dynasty.
24. Ruan Ji was the writer with the highest literary achievement in Zhengshi period, with 82 five-character poems, collectively referred to as "Huaishi".
25. Tao Yuanming was a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 3 17 420). His poems are called "pastoral poets" because of their idyllic quiet life scenes.
26. The Peach Blossom Garden written by Tao Yuanming in his later period marks that his thoughts and art have reached a new height, and the poet put forward the social ideal of "Xanadu" here.
27. The lyric poem "Song of the Western Zhou Dynasty" represents the highest achievement of folk songs in the Southern Dynasty (420-589 AD).
28. "The sky is grey, the wild is boundless, the wind blows the grass and the cattle and sheep are low" is a poem in the northern folk song "Song of Chile", which describes the scenery of the northern prairie.
29. Mulan Poetry is an outstanding masterpiece of folk songs in the Northern Dynasties, which describes the touching story of the heroine Hua Mulan joining the army instead of her father.
30. Xie Lingyun, a poet in the Southern Dynasties, was the pioneer of the school of landscape poetry.
3 1, Gan Bao's quest for the gods is the representative of strange novels in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
32. Shi Shuo Xin Yu is a short essay written by Liu Yiqing, which records the words and deeds and interesting stories of some characters in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. It is vivid and concise.
33. Wen Xin Diao Long is the first literary criticism work in China, which has a great influence on later literary criticism.
34. Zhong Rong's Poetry is the first book on poetry in China, which has a great influence on later poetry criticism.
35. Poetry, prose and novels were very developed in the Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18-907), especially in the Tang Dynasty.
There were many great poets in the Tang Dynasty, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, Li Shangyin and so on.
37. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, writers of the Tang Dynasty, launched the ancient prose movement, mainly to revive Confucianism, oppose parallel prose and advocate ancient prose.
38. The development of Tang poetry can be roughly divided into four stages: early Tang, prosperous Tang, middle Tang and late Tang.
39. There are more than 50,000 Tang poems that have been handed down today, which is two or three times the sum of previous poems.
40. Poetry in the Tang Dynasty can be divided into ancient poetry and modern poetry. There is no limit to the number of archaic sentences, and the level of each sentence is more free. There are two kinds of near-forms: metrical poems and quatrains. The rhythm is rigorous, each song consists of four parts and eight sentences, and the middle should be reversed. There are rules for metrical poems and quatrains. There are five words and seven words in ancient poetry and modern poetry.
4 1. The four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty were Lu, Luo, Luo, Yang Jiong.
42. Wang Bo wrote the famous Preface to Wang Tengting, the most famous sentence of which is "The sunset is lonely in Qi Fei, and the autumn waters are * * * and the sky is one color".
43. At the age of seven, Luo wrote the famous poem Ode to Goose: "Goose, Goose, Goose, Xiang Tiange has a crooked neck. White hair floating green water, red palm clear waves. "
44. Chen Ziang was a famous poet after the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty. He opposed the beautiful style of the Six Dynasties and advocated the elegant poetic style.
45. The famous pastoral poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were Meng Haoran and Wang Wei. Their poems show the magnificence of the mountains and rivers of the motherland and the natural simplicity of the countryside, with pictures and paintings.
46. The famous frontier poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were Gao Shi and Cen Can. Their poems show the frontier scenery of the motherland and the pioneering spirit of the Tang people.
47. Wang Changling is a famous poet with seven-character quatrains, and Out of the Great Wall is one of his representative works: "The month of Qin Dynasty was closed in Han Dynasty, but the Long March people did not return. But make Longcheng fly, and don't teach Huma to cross Yinshan. "
48. Wang Zhihuan's In the Lodge of Herons is very famous. This poem is written like this: "The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river. But as long as you go up a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles. " Warn people to work harder after their achievements in order to achieve higher ideals.
49. Li Bai, whose name is Taibai, was named Qinglian Jushi and was one of the most famous poets in the Tang Dynasty. When he was young, he visited many places in China and wrote many good poems praising the motherland. His poems are passionate and romantic, and his imagination is very rich. He is called "Poet Fairy".
50. Literature and art representing a nation can be divided into pure literature and lying literature according to style. Among them, works that have exhausted political lies, moral lies, business lies, lies that safeguard class power and ignorance are called pure literature, and vice versa.
49. The first official writer in China to win the Nobel Prize was Mo Yan. 50. A writer should speak completely on the basis of the text, that is to say, a writer should not steal the right to speak by fools' lies and compromising attitude, but should create a sincere text with aesthetic significance with uncompromising attitude, and rely on this text to impact the audience's aesthetic expectations, so as to gain the audience's heartfelt affirmation. 5 1. Pure literature must be distinguished from lying literature. Compromise literature is a by-product of lie literature. Neither of them belongs to the category of pure literature. 52. The representative of Mei Cun's style poetry is the Garden Song by Wu, a poet in Qing Dynasty. 53. The Tang poem that Wen Yiduo called "the poem in the poem, the peak on the peak" is Zhang's "Moonlit Night on the Spring River". 54. Shen Deqian quoted seven representative poems of the Tang Dynasty as saying: "It is almost the same as Wei Cheng, Li's Bai Di, Wang Changling's Phoenix, and Wang Zhihuan's The Yellow River is Far Above! There are no four chapters in the quatrains at the end of the Tang Dynasty. " 55. Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was full of praise for Xie Shi, among whom Xie Lingyun was the greatest. Xiao Xie is Xie Tiao. 56. The top ten classic songs in China are: Running Water in the Mountain, Three Lane of Plum Blossoms, Moonlight on the Spring River, Autumn Moon in the Han Palace, Chun Xue, Fisherman's Question and Answer, Eighteen Beats by Hu Jia, Guangling San, Wild Goose in Pingsha, and House of Flying Daggers. 58. In China's calligraphy, Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion is the first running script in the world, Yan Zhenqing's Sacrifice to a Nephew is the second running script, and Su Shi's Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry is the third running script.
59. The five-word formula for literary appreciation and analysis of works (literary critics usually use these five words to measure the artistic value of works) is: purity, novelty, purity, style and bone. It refers to: lies are pure, dead words are new, superfluous words are clean, shelter is the wind, and compromise is the bone.