There are a lot of literary common sense that need to be memorized in Chinese, and it will take a lot of time to learn all of them. Therefore, we need some good methods that can get twice the result with half the effort to memorize Chinese literary common sense.
Association method
Association is the psychological process of thinking from one thing to another. For example, when I remember Qu Yuan, I think of his work "Li Sao" from Qu Yuan, and because "Li Sao" is the source of Chinese romantic literature, I think of the three great masters of Western romanticism: Shelley, Hugo, and Byron. In this way, a lot of knowledge can be memorized in a more systematic way. Frequent memorization in this way is also conducive to improving the ability of association.
Threading the needle and threading the thread
Scattered literary knowledge is like a bunch of needles that are not threaded well. As long as there is a thread to connect them, this literary knowledge will appear to be very systematic. This thread can be time, space, style, content, etc. For example, when memorizing the history of ancient Chinese literature, you can use the content as a clue and use this thread to connect the needles of the literary phenomena of each dynasty. Please see the picture below.
Rhyme category: The Book of Songs - Chu Ci - Yuefu Folk Songs - Tang Poems - Song Ci - Yuan Opera
Prose Category: Shangshu - Pre-Qin Prose - Six Dynasties Tao Yuanming Prose - -Eight great masters of poetry in the Tang and Song Dynasties -Three great masters of poetry and prose in the early Ming Dynasty (Song Lian, Liu Ji, Gao Qi) -The Tang and Song Dynasty School in the middle Ming Dynasty (Gui Youguang) -The Gong'an School in the late Ming Dynasty (Three Yuan) -The Tongcheng School in the Qing Dynasty (Yao Nai, Fang Bao, Liu Dakui)
Whenever you want to memorize literary common sense, first pull a long thread and pass it through needle by needle. Which needle (works of dynasty writers) cannot be passed through? When it's over, stop and examine the cause carefully. Once you've patched up what needs to be done, you can continue wearing it. This way you can check your memory at any time quickly.
The method of accumulating a little makes a lot
Literary common sense has a lot of content and covers a wide range of areas. It is impossible to memorize it all in a short time. Psychology believes that memory consists of four links: memorization, retention, recall and recognition. Problems in any link will affect the quality of memory. We can’t remember because we don’t retain it well. How can we retain it well? There is a famous forgetting curve in psychology. It tells us that forgetting is faster in the first period after memorization, and then forgetting gradually slows down and stabilizes at a level. Therefore, to maintain the content of memorization, we should timely forget it after memorization. review. The accumulation method is actually a small cycle review method. Because we need to review constantly, the amount of new content to be memorized will not be much. We can break all the literary common sense that needs to be memorized into parts and distribute it in various time periods. For example, use one or two months to memorize the history of Chinese literature ( You can memorize one or two writers or several works every day in order of dynasties), use one month to memorize the history of foreign literature, and then another month for the second round of review. During each day's review, first recall the content of the previous day. , and then memorize new content, such a big cycle is followed by a small cycle, until before the college entrance examination, you are not afraid of not being able to remember the literary knowledge that needs to be memorized.
Oral formula method
We usually have this experience when reciting poems: Articles are slow to memorize, but poems are easy to read because of their clear rhythm and harmonious melody. Recite more. We can compile the literary common sense to be memorized into "rhymes". These formulas should pay attention to rhyme and should also be condensed literary common sense. After memorizing a few sentences, a lot of knowledge should be memorized. In addition, the works of writers that are easily confused are compiled into "fixed combinations" in the formula. Look at the following example:
Literary knowledge is not difficult to remember, and there are tips to help you remember it clearly. Let’s talk about domestic writers’ works first.
Confucius, Mencius and Xunqing were the scholars of the pre-Qin period.
The Analects of Confucius and Mencius are the four books listed.
Lao and Zhuang Wuwei, "Morality" and "Xiaoyao".
Qu Zichu's Ci, "Nine", "Nine", "Li" and "Heaven".
Among the literary poems of the Han Dynasty, Jia Yi is the first to write.
Liu Xiang Sima, "War", "Chu" and "Historical Records".
Ban Gu's "Book of Han" marked the beginning of the dynasty.
During Wei, Jin and Jian'an, Sancao was in the lead.
My father has Yuefu, "Turtle", "Artemisia" and "Guan".
Cao Pi's "Yan Ge" and "Classics" were criticized;
Zi Jian's seven steps and five words laid the foundation.
"The Complete Works of Lu Xun" is a prolific author.
There are three novels, "Wandering" and "Scream",
New stories about old things, and "New stories".
Except for "Blessings", all middle school textbooks
are included in "Scream". One part of prose,
"Picking Up Flowers in the Morning and Evening", plus "Wild Grass",
a slightly poetic style. Essay 16,
"Hot Wind" and "Grave",
Two episodes of "Huagai", "Just" and "Three Leisures",
More "Two Hearts", "Southern Tune and Northern Diao", "
Pseudo Free Letters", "Quasi Fengyue Tan",
Three "Qi" and two "Collection", literary lace.
Common sense ballads of ancient Chinese literature
1. Pre-Qin literature
Pre-Qin literature has two sources, realism and romance.
The Book of Songs is divided into 300 poems about elegance and reflects reality①
The technique keeps Fu Bixing in mind,
The famous poems "Shuo Shu" and "Fa Tan" 》.
Romanticism is "Chu Ci",
The author of "Li Sao" is Qu Yuan.
There are two schools of pre-Qin prose, "
Zhuzi" and "Historical Records".
Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism and Dharma belong to various schools of thought,
each has his own writings handed down to the world;
Confucian Analects and Mencius,
This can be seen in the Mohist "Mozi";
The Taoist "Laozi" and "Zhuangzi",
Legalist Han Fei's famous chapter.
There are two types of historical prose,
divided into "national" and "chronological"
The former is "Guoyu" and "Warring States Policy",
The latter is "Spring and Autumn" and "Zuo Zhuan".
2. Literature of the Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties
During the Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, poetry achievements were relatively high;
The "Double Bijou of Yuefu" was praised by ② people.
Jian'an literature recommends "Three Cao" ③;
The originator of pastoralism is Tao Qian, whose legacy of "picking chrysanthemums" shows integrity.
"Historical Records" is the first biography, known as "Li Sao without rhyme";
Ban Gu inherited Sima Yi④, and "Hanshu" made innovations in the epoch;
Jia Yixiong's essay "On the Passage of the Qin Dynasty" soared into the sky with great momentum;
The second name of "Chu Shi" is famous for later generations, and "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring" is happy and carefree.
The popular poems and poems are often empty, and Zhang Heng's "Two Capitals" is like a stormy wave.
Literary criticism is also on the rise, and "The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons" is really superb.
Parallel prose pursues the beauty of form, while novels are still rough at first.
3. Literature of the Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was at its peak, and the "Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty" were extraordinary;
Wang Yang and Lu Luo created rhythms, rhymed poems and quatrains. Remember it all.
The romantic poet recommended Li Bai and sang "The Road to Shu is Difficult" all the way.
Realism has Du Fu, and the "three officials" and "three farewells" are extraordinary.
Lotte advocated the new Yuefu, and "Pipa" and "Everlasting Sorrow" left famous works.
The Pastoral Poetry School includes Wang Meng, Gao and Cen who sang poems about frontier fortresses.
In the mid-Tang Dynasty, Li He was so beautiful that Jia Dao "examined" it and passed it down to the world.
In the late Tang Dynasty, "Xiao Li Du" emerged; after that, it declined like dust.
Han Liu’s ancient prose is innovative, and “Afang Palace Fu” has been around for thousands of years.
The legends of the Tang Dynasty have matured, and the representative work is "The Biography of Liu Yi".
4. Literature of the Song Dynasty
The literary words of the Song Dynasty are divided into graceful and bold.
Liu Yongqin’s view of Li Qingzhao is very sentimental.
Su Shi was the first to open up the bold and unrestrained faction, and he was "going eastward" with high spirits;
The patriotic poet Xin Qiji was high-spirited with his "gold war and iron horse".
Sansu, Wang Zeng, and Ouyang Xiu succeeded Han Liu in writing articles;
Although Fan Gong’s works are not many, "The Story of Yueyang Tower" shines.
Lu Fangweng, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, still wanted to restore his family and country in "The Son";
Who has never died since ancient times? Wen Tianxiang will be remembered fondly by future generations.
The first chronicle of general history, "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" by Sima Guang.
A small encyclopedia of "Mengxi Bi Tan", the author Shen Kuo is famous.
5. Literature of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties
There are two types of Sanqu in the Yuan Dynasty, with different numbers of minor orders and sets.
Zaju represents the four great masters, and Guan Hanqing is the most successful;
The tragedy of Dou E has been passed down through the ages, and the character image is the most vivid;
The remaining three masters, Zheng Mabai⑥, are also "The West Chamber" has a good reputation.
There are many high-quality dramas in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as "The Peach Blossom Fan" and "The Peony Pavilion"
The full-length works are all chapter chapters, with the "Four Great Classics" being the peak.
"The Scholars" should not be forgotten, "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" is very popular
There are also short stories in the parody style, compiled by Feng Menglong in "Three Words".
Fang Bao founded Yao Nai, and the prose genre was called Tongcheng.
In the late Qing Dynasty, Gong Zizhen, a famous scholar, wrote "Miscellaneous Poems of Jihai" to persuade God.