1. Selected Simple Ancient Chinese Poems for Children
Xue Jiang
Liu Zongyuan [Tang Dynasty]
There are no birds flying over those mountains, and there are no traces of people in those paths.
A boat on the river, a fisherman wearing his webworm moth; Fishing alone is not afraid of snow and ice.
translate
On all the mountains, birds have disappeared, and on all the roads, there are no traces of people.
On a lonely boat on the river, an old man in a bamboo hat was fishing alone on the cold river covered with heavy snow.
Make an appreciative comment
The landscape poems written by Liu Zongyuan have a remarkable feature, that is, the objective realm is relatively quiet, while the poet's subjective state of mind is relatively lonely, sometimes even too lonely, too cold and cheerless, without any human fireworks. This song "Jiang Xue" is like this. The poet painted a quiet and cold picture in only 20 words: on the snowy river, a boat and an old fisherman were fishing alone on the cold river.
What the poet shows his readers is this: the world is so pure and silent, spotless and silent; The fisherman's life is so noble, and his character is so aloof. In fact, this is an imaginary realm created by Liu Zongyuan because he hated the declining society of the Tang Dynasty at that time. Compared with the characters in Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden, I'm afraid they are still illusory and far away from the world. What the poet wants to describe in detail is very simple, but it is just a boat, an old fisherman wearing hemp fiber and Li hat, fishing on the snowy river, and that's all. However, in order to highlight the main description object, the poet did not hesitate to use half of the space to describe its background, and made the background as broad as possible, almost to an infinite extent. The wider the background, the more prominent the main description object.
First of all, the poet used the words "Qianshan" and "Wanjing" to set off the following two pictures of "boating alone" and "fishing alone". Without the words "thousand" and "ten thousand", the words "loneliness" and "independence" at the back will appear bland and uninspiring. Secondly, birds flying on the mountain and people walking on the road are very common things and the most general image. But the poet put them under the "Qianshan" and "Wanjing" and added the word "absolutely" and "extinct", which suddenly turned the most common and summarized dynamic into extreme silence and absolute silence, forming an unusual scene. So the following two sentences used to be static descriptions. Because it is placed in this absolutely quiet background, it is exquisite, lively and lively. It can also be said that the first two sentences were originally a foil. According to the general understanding, it is enough to outline the outline, and there is no need to make great efforts to carve it. However, poets just don't handle it this way. It's like making a movie. How many close-ups are used to explain and reflect every corner of the background? The more specific and detailed you write, the more exaggerated you are. The last two sentences, originally the object of the poet's intentional description, turned into a long-distance lens, which was reduced many times, giving readers an ethereal feeling, visible and intangible. Only by writing in this way can we express the lofty and detached thoughts and feelings that the author is eager to show to readers. As for the formation of this sense of remoteness, it is mainly the effect that the author adds a word "snow" at the end of the whole poem, which is connected with the word "Jiang".
The word "snow" covers the whole poem. "Qian Shan" and "Wanjing" are all snow, which makes "birds fly away" and "people disappear". Even the awning and fisherman's hat are covered with snow. But the author did not explicitly associate these scenes with "snow". On the contrary, in this painting, there is only Jiang and only Rulu. Of course, the river will not store snow, and it will not be covered by snow. Even if it falls into the river, it will immediately become water. However, the author only used the word "cold river snow" to connect the two farthest images, giving people a vague, distant and narrow feeling and forming a long-distance lens. This makes the main object described in the poem more concentrated, dexterous and prominent. Because even the river seems to be covered with snow, even the places where there is no snow are covered with snow, which completely describes the dense and thick snow and completely sets off the atmosphere of water and sky. As for the word "cold" used above, it is of course to point out the climate; But the poet's subjective intention is to write the fisherman's spiritual world quietly. Imagine, in such a cold and quiet environment, the old fisherman is not afraid of the cold and the snow, forgetting everything and devoting himself to fishing. Although his body is lonely, his personality is lofty and aloof, even a little awe-inspiring.
This illuminated and beautified image of the fisherman is actually the sustenance and portrayal of Liu Zongyuan's own thoughts and feelings. It can be seen that the word "Hanjiangxue" is the "finishing touch", which organically links the front and back parts of the whole poem, not only forming a concise and general picture, but also shaping a complete and prominent image of the fisherman. Describe the background in a concrete and meticulous way, and depict the subject image in a long-distance picture; Fine and extremely exaggerated generalizations are intricately unified in a poem, which is the unique artistic feature of this landscape poem.
2. Children's selection of ancient poems by China.
A gift for Wang Lun.
Li Bai [Tang Dynasty]
Li Bai was just about to leave when he heard a farewell song from the shore.
Even if the Peach Blossom Pond is deep, it is not as deep as Wang Lun's sending away my love.
translate
Li Bai was about to leave by boat when he heard singing on the shore.
Even if the Peach Blossom Lake is as deep as thousands of feet, it can't compare with what Wang Lun did to me.
Make an appreciative comment
This poem is a farewell poem written by Li Bai to Wang Lun, a local friend, when he visited Taohuatan in Jingxian (now southern Anhui). The first two sentences of this poem describe Wang Lun's seeing Bai off while sailing, and simply and naturally express Wang Lun's sincere feelings for Li Bai. The last two sentences first praise the profundity of the Peach Blossom Pond with "deep thousands of feet", and then turn the intangible friendship into tangible thousands of feet Pond with the word "less than", which vividly expresses Wang Lun's sincere and profound friendship for Li Bai. The language of the whole poem is fresh and natural, and the imagination is rich and strange. Although there are only four 28-character sentences, it is one of the most widely circulated famous poems of Li Bai.
Two sentences in the poem describe the farewell scene. "Li Bai will leave by boat" means that the poet will leave Taohuatan by boat. That kind of language flows out smoothly without thinking, showing a natural and unrestrained manner of being impulsive when it comes and returning when it is over. The words "suddenly smell the song on the shore" and "suddenly smell" show that Wang Lun's arrival is really unexpected. I heard it before people arrived. From the warm and hearty singing, Li Bai expected that Wang Lun must have come to see me off. This farewell shows that Li Bai and Wang Lun are both informal, happy and free people.
"Peach Blossom Pond is deeper in thousands of feet than in Wang Lun", and the second half of the poem is lyrical. The third sentence is connected from a distance, which further shows that the ship is placed in Taohuatan. "Deep thousands of feet" not only describes the characteristics of the pool, but also indicates the conclusion.
"Peach Blossom Pond" is so profound that it touches people's feelings. Unforgettable Wang Lun's deep affection and deep affection are naturally linked. At the end of the sentence, "not as good as Wang Lun's" broke out. By comparing things, it vividly expressed sincere and pure affection. The pool is as deep as thousands of feet, so how deep is the friendship between Wang Lun and Li Bai? Interesting. Shenqing Deqian appreciates this sentence very much. He said: "If Wang Lun's love is compared to a pool of thousands of feet, it is a common language. The wonderful scene is just in a transition. " Obviously, the beauty lies in the word "less than", and the beauty lies in replacing metaphor with metaphor, turning intangible friendship into a vivid image, ethereal and memorable, natural and true.
The traditional view of China's poetry is implicit. Yan Yu, a poetic theorist in the Song Dynasty, put forward four taboos in writing poetry: "The language should be straight and the meaning should be shallow. Avoid dew in the pulse, and the taste is short. " Shi Buhua, a poet in A Qing, also said that poetry "should not be expensive". However, the performance characteristics of Li Bai's "To Wang Lun" are: frankness, directness and implicitness. Its "language is straight" and its "pulse is dew", but its "meaning" is not shallow and its taste is stronger. When the ancients wrote poems, they generally avoided calling them by their names, thinking that they had no taste. But To Wang Lun begins with the poet calling his own name and ends with calling the other person's name. On the contrary, he is honest, kind, free and easy, and very affectionate.
3. Children's selection of ancient poems by China.
Xue Yong
Zheng Xie in Qing Dynasty
One, two, three or four, five, six, seven, eight and ninety.
Thousands of countless pieces, fly into the plum blossom and disappear.
translate
One snowflake, two snowflakes, three or four snowflakes, five snowflakes, six snowflakes, seven snowflakes, eight snowflakes and ninety snowflakes.
Qian Qian, absolutely, flew into the plum blossom fragrance and died.
Make an appreciative comment
The first two sentences of the poem are empty, while the last two sentences are real, creating a fresh artistic conception. The first three sentences seem ordinary, wandering in the trough, but the fourth sentence at the end, with the profound artistic conception of combining static and dynamic, pushes the whole poem from the trough to the peak at once.
Almost all poems are piled up with numbers, from one to ten to thousands to countless, but there is no suspicion of burdensome. Reading makes people feel as if they are in a vast world with heavy snow, but when they see a cold plum standing proudly in the snow, they shudder and spit it out. The snowflake melts into the plum blossom, and people also melt into it.
4. Children's selection of ancient poems by China.
Travel in the mountains
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty | Author: Du Mu
In the distance, there are cold mountains, oblique stone paths and people in the depths of white clouds.
Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February flowers.
Appreciation/appreciation
Through the poet's emotional tendency, the poem depicts a warm and gorgeous autumn picture of a mountain forest with maple forest as the main scene. Far up the Qiushan Stone Trail, first of all, give readers a farsighted view. At the top of the mountain road is a place full of white clouds. The road is made by people, so the white clouds are not ethereal, and Hanshan contains vitality. It is natural to say that there is someone deep in the white clouds. However, this is only to prepare for the last two sentences. Then the poet clearly told the readers that it was so late that I stopped in front of the mountain just because the mountain was in full swing and more beautiful than the maple leaves of spring flowers. Compared with the white clouds in the distance and people who are not necessarily visible, LAM Raymond is full of pure beauty and vitality.
This is a seven-character quatrain that describes and praises the scenery of mountains and forests in late autumn. The first sentence: "Hanshan stone path is far away." From the bottom up, write a stone road, winding to the mountains and autumn. The word "cold" points to the late autumn season; The word "far" describes the length of the mountain road; The word "oblique" takes care of the word "far" at the beginning of the sentence and writes a high and slow mountain. Because the slope is not big, you can travel by car.
The second sentence: "There are people in the depths of the white clouds" describes the distant scenery that the poet saw when hiking in the mountains. The word "someone" will remind people of the smoke curling up in the kitchen, the cock crowing and the dog barking, making them feel that the mountains are full of vitality and there is no dead terror. The word "home" also takes care of the "stone path" in the previous sentence, because this "stone path" is the passage for residents in the mountains.
The third sentence: the word "sit" in "Sitting in the Night in Fenglin" is interpreted as "because". Because the evening scenery of the sunset maple forest is so charming, the poet deliberately stopped to watch it. The word "late" in this sentence is exquisitely used and contains multiple meanings: (1) points out that the first two sentences are seen during the day and the last two sentences are scenes at night. (2) Because there is a sunset glow in the evening, the gorgeous sunset glow and the flaming maple leaves reflect each other, and the maple forest is particularly beautiful. (3) The poet lingered, and in the evening, he reluctantly boarded the bus and left, showing his love for red leaves. (4) Because you stop and observe carefully for a long time, you can realize it.
The fourth sentence: "Frost leaves are red in February flowers" is the central sentence of the whole poem. The descriptions of the first three sentences are all paving the way for this sentence. Why do poets use "Yu Hong" instead of "Hong Ru"? Because "red as" is like spring flowers, it is nothing more than decorating natural beauty; And "Red in" can't be compared with spring flowers. It is not only brighter in color, but also more cold-resistant and can stand the test of wind and frost.
This little poem is not only an impromptu ode to scenery, but also an expression of ambition. It is the expression of the poet's inner spiritual world and the sustenance of his interest, so it can enlighten and inspire readers.
This poem depicts the colors of autumn and shows a moving picture of autumn colors in mountains and forests. The poem describes mountain roads, people, white clouds and red leaves, forming a harmonious and unified picture. These scenes are not juxtaposed in the same position, but are organically linked, with the master and the slave, some in the center of the picture and some in the background. To put it simply, the first three sentences are the object, the fourth sentence is the subject, and the first three sentences describe the background, which creates an atmosphere for the fourth sentence and plays a role in paving the way and setting off the background.
"Far away from the cold mountain, the stone path is inclined", writing about mountains and writing about mountain roads. A winding path winds to the top of the mountain. The word "far" describes the length of the mountain road, and the word "oblique" echoes the word "up" to write a high and gentle mountain trend.
"There are people in the depths of white clouds", writing about clouds and people. The poet's eyes have been looking up along this mountain road. Where the white clouds float, there are several stone houses with walls made of stone. The "people" here take care of the "stone path" in the previous sentence. This mountain road is the passage for those families, right? This organically links the two kinds of scenery. There are white clouds around, which means the mountain is very high. The poet used the technique of breaking through clouds and mountains, so that these white clouds covered the reader's sight, but left room for imagination: there must be another kind of scenery besides white clouds, right?
The poet is only describing these scenery objectively. Although the word "cold" is used, the following words such as "late" and "frost" are just sorted out, which does not show the poet's emotional tendency. After all, it is only to prepare for the following description-to outline the environment where Fenglin is located.
"Stop and sit late in the maple forest" is different, and this tendency is very obvious and strong. Mountain roads, white clouds and others did not impress the poet, but the evening scenery of Fenglin surprised him. In order to stop and enjoy the scenery of this mountain forest, I don't care to continue driving. The scenery written in the first two sentences is already beautiful, but the poet loves the maple forest. Through the background, I have made a good preparation for describing the maple forest, so it comes naturally and leads to the fourth sentence, pointing out the reasons for loving the maple forest.
"Frosty leaves are redder than flowers in February" complements the third sentence, and a beautiful view of maple forest in late autumn is displayed in front of us. The poet was pleasantly surprised to find that under the sunset glow, the maple leaves were about to drip and the forest was dyed. It is really full of mountains and clouds, just like bright rosy clouds. More fiery than the spring flowers in February in Jiangnan! What is commendable is that the poet saw the vitality of autumn as spring through this piece of red, which made Lin Qiu present a warm and vibrant scene.
Unlike ordinary feudal literati, this poet did not sigh sadly when autumn came. He praised the beauty of autumn in nature, embodied the spirit of being bold and uplifting, and showed the poet's talent and insight with a wave of his pen. This is an autumn hymn.
The fourth sentence is the center of the whole poem, written by the poet with strong colors and coherent brushwork. Not only did the sparse scenery in the first two lines set off gorgeous autumn colors, but even the seemingly lyrical narrative of "stopping to sit in the maple grove late" actually played a role in setting off the scenery: the poet who stopped to watch, Tao Ran drunk, became a part of the scenery, and only with this scene did autumn colors become more charming. After a rewriting, it came to an abrupt end, and it seemed melodious and memorable.
5. Children's selection of ancient poems by China.
draw
Wang Wei [Tang Dynasty]
From a distance, the mountains are high and the clouds are light, and the colors are bright. When you look closer, you can only hear the sound of water, but there is no sound.
Spring has passed, but there are still many flowers and flowers. People go nearby, but the birds are still not disturbed.
Make an appreciative comment
This poem describes the natural scenery, but praises a painting. The first two sentences are written about beautiful scenery and silent running water; The last two sentences describe that flowers bloom in four seasons, and birds are not afraid of people. The four poems constitute a complete picture of landscape flowers and birds. The whole poem is neat in antithesis, especially the use of many groups of antonyms in the poem, which makes it clear in rhythm, straightforward, full of charm and easy to read. The whole poem seems to violate the laws of nature, but in fact it is a secret riddle, which shows the characteristics of this painting.
The mountains are colorful in the distance. The distant mountains are smiling, and the colorful mountains are good. What is colored? Comely, handsome, red, wet, green and drooping are colors, so are cool gray, and so are strange and steep pictures. It is only because it is far away that it produces beauty and makes people feel that it has unlimited scenery. This is a kind of "serenity", and the beauty of serenity is beyond the reach of the first sentence, because only people with meditation can appreciate it. This is like the Chun Xue, which drove the Xialiba people out of the art space from the beginning. Cancelled the qualification of impetuous people to appreciate beauty. Here, there is no impetuousness, only calm as water. But not stagnant water, but living water. Do you think there is water in the painting? A spring water poured out with irresistible goodwill, and a flowing beauty jumped into the poet's eyes.
The source of "listening to underwater sound" is "dynamic environment", but the word "static" has entered a static environment, which is quiet and far-reaching. There is no contradiction with the first sentence. A poet can say that he can choose between dynamic and static. What's the big deal? It's too quiet, it's hard to give up, it's hard to find. In this way, we will be close to this poem and this painting, and our hearts will be close to the mountains and rivers. The beauty of all things is only because of "quietness". Silence is a beauty. In Wang Xizhi's poems, it is this kind of beauty of "walking on a shady road, like swimming in a mirror". Sound and silence are dissolved together, the perfect sound of nature! This is what Zhuangzi called "nature". When "natural sound" and "human voice" and "earth sound" are together, a kind of natural sound that ordinary people can't say is formed.
"It is not surprising that spring is still there." It is said that although the flowers bloom in that most beautiful season, they will float away after burning to the most beautiful extreme, and only in the painting, the flowers are beautiful and don't thank, and the birds in the painting are always so lovely and moving. The painting in the poem seems to represent a dream, a dream that can be seen but cannot be realized. Moreover, just like the second sentence of "Water is Silent", "The bird is not surprised when people come" also means that the bird should be "surprised", so this shows that the bird described by the artist is realistic. Here, the poet uses "quietly listening to the sound of water" to express the gurgling sound of water, and "people are not surprised when they come" to express the amazing vitality of birds. The technique is very clever.