He was born in a decadent feudal family. Youth was influenced by the theory of evolution, Nietzsche's superman philosophy and Tolstoy's thought of fraternity. 1902 went to Japan to study, originally studied medicine at Sendai Medical College, and then worked in literature and art in an attempt to change the national spirit. 1905- 1907 participated in revolutionary activities and published papers such as Moro Poetry and Cultural Prejudice. During this period, I was ordered by my mother to return to China to get married, and my wife Juan. 1909 Co-translated the Collection of Foreign Novels with his brother Zhou Zuoren to introduce foreign literature. He returned to China in the same year and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing. After the Revolution of 1911, he served as a member of the Nanjing Provisional Government and the Ministry of Education of Beijing Government, and taught in Peking University and Women's Normal University. 19 18 in may, the diary of a madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, was published for the first time under the pseudonym of Lu Xun, which laid the foundation stone of the new literature movement. He participated in the work of New Youth magazine around the May 4th Movement and became the leader of the May 4th New Culture Movement. From 19 18 to 1926, he successively created and published novels, vagrancy, essays, graves, essays, poems, weeds, essays, hot air, canopy and the continuation of canopy. Among them, the novella The True Story of Ah Q published in19212 is an immortal masterpiece in the history of modern literature in China. 1in August, 926, he was wanted by the Beiyang warlord government for supporting the patriotic movement of Beijing students, and served as the head of the Chinese Department of Xiamen University. 1927 1 month, went to Guangzhou, the revolutionary center at that time, and served as the academic director of Sun Yat-sen University. 1927 10 arrived in Shanghai and began to live with his student Xu Guangping. 1929, son Zhou Haiying was born. 1930, successively participated in China Freedom Movement League, China Left-wing Writers League and China Civil Rights Protection League to resist the dictatorship and political persecution of the Kuomintang government. From 1927 to 1936, he created most of the works and a large number of essays in the Collection of Historical Novels, which were included in Ji You, Sanxian, Erxin, Mobilizing from the South to the North, Pseudo-Free Book, Quasi-Romantic Talk and Lace. Lu Xun's life has made great contributions to China's cultural undertakings: he led and supported literary groups such as "The Unknown Society" and "Chaohua Society"; Editor-in-chief of literary periodicals such as National New Newspaper Supplement [B], Mangyuan, Yusi, Running, Germination and Translation; Enthusiastic care and extreme cultivation of young authors; Vigorously translate foreign progressive literary works and introduce famous paintings and woodcuts at home and abroad; Collect, study and sort out a large number of classical documents, compile A Brief History of Chinese Fiction, Outline of China Literature History, sort out Ji, compile Miscellaneous Notes on Old Books in Huiji County, Gougu Novels, Legends of Tang and Song Dynasties, Notes on Old Novels and so on. 19361June19 died of tuberculosis in Shanghai. Tens of thousands of Shanghai citizens spontaneously held public sacrifices and funerals and were buried in Hongqiao International Cemetery. 1956, Lu Xun's body was buried in Hongkou Park, and Mao Zedong wrote an inscription for the reconstructed Lu Xun's tomb. Complete Works of Lu Xun (20 volumes) 1938 published. After the founding of New China, the translated works of Lu Xun have been compiled into Complete Works of Lu Xun (10), Translated Works of Lu Xun (10), Diary of Lu Xun (2 volumes) and Letters from Lu Xun, and various ancient books edited by Lu Xun have also been reprinted. 198 1 year, The Complete Works of Lu Xun (16) was published. Luxun Museum and Memorial Hall have been established in Beijing, Shanghai, Shaoxing, Guangzhou and Xiamen. Dozens of novels, essays, poems and essays by Lu Xun were selected into Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools. The novels Blessing, The True Story of Ah Q and Medicine were adapted into movies.
1770, Beethoven was born in a small happy family in Bonn, Germany. His father is a court musician, but he is short-tempered, moody and has a bad habit of drinking. Contrary to his father, Beethoven's mother is very kind and considerate.
Little Beethoven was born with a strange pockmarked face. His father sneered at him, while his mother kissed his face affectionately and said, "My poor child, God will never forget to take care of you." Beethoven's growth into a generation of musicians is inseparable from his mother's meticulous care.
Beethoven's musical talent was revealed at an early age. The depressed father is also proud. In order to make up for the failure in his career, wash away the shame of his father's downfall, and honor his ancestors, his strict father began compulsory education when Beethoven was 4 years old. He asked Beethoven to practice piano and violin for 8 hours every day. Even in the cold winter, little Beethoven's fingers were stiff with cold, and his father made him practice the piano. Every day, his father always stands by the piano with crutches. As long as Beethoven plays a wrong note, the thick stick falls on Beethoven's finger mercilessly. Due to his miserable childhood and lack of happiness, Beethoven became very grumpy when he grew up.
Beethoven's mother was born in poverty, but she was kind-hearted and resented her husband's rude education. In order to warm her son's injured heart, the mother tried her best to give Beethoven more maternal love. In Beethoven's mind, the image of mother is supreme. In addition to struggling to bear all the livelihood of the family, his mother gave him infinite love.
Once my mother called unhappy Beethoven to the room and asked, "Son, do you feel wronged?"
"Yes, Mom!"
"Son, your mother's love will make you never feel inferior."
"I am lucky to have a mother who loves me."
"Poor boy? God will take care of my children? Even if one day my mother is gone. "
"Mom, why do you say that? I can't live without my mother. "
"Yes, my son and mother will be together forever. Motherly love makes you never feel inferior. "
1 1 years old, Beethoven studied organ performance with the court organist Nie Fei. Seeing Beethoven's musical talent, Nie Fei took the initiative to teach him the skills of composing music, and introduced Beethoven as an organist in the orchestra. Since then, Beethoven has officially embarked on the road of music.
1787, Beethoven left his loving mother and went to Vienna. He tried to learn composition under the guidance of Mozart. Unfortunately, Mozart was busy with opera creation and had no time to guide Beethoven.
Soon, Beethoven's mother was dying of tuberculosis, and Beethoven got the news and immediately returned to his home in Bonn. By this time, my mother had gone crazy. My mother said a few words before she died.
When his mother died, Beethoven was only 17 years old and was already the head of the family. He must take care of his younger brothers, support the whole family and meet the needs of the alcoholic father. Deep in his heart, he remembers the tenderness and maternal love his mother gave him. This kind of love supports his whole spirit, and it is also this kind of love that makes his later music works full of vitality.
In AD 1792, Beethoven went to Vienna again, studied composition under Haydn, and gradually embarked on his great and bumpy road of music creation.
However, since 1796, Beethoven found that his hearing dropped sharply. For a young and ambitious pianist and musician, hearing loss is tantamount to the end of the world. But Beethoven fought tenaciously and said that famous saying: "I will seize fate by the throat, and it will never let me yield."
At that time, Beethoven was in love with a girl named Juliet, and the famous piano sonata Moonlight was dedicated to her. However, the naive and romantic Julietta failed Beethoven's affection and later got engaged to a baron.
The cure of deafness is fading, and a beloved lover is lost, which makes the tenacious Beethoven unable to support it. 1802, he wrote the last letter, the famous Heiligenstadt suicide note. In this "will", Beethoven said: "It is art, it is art that keeps me. Ah! I don't think I can leave this world until I feel that my mission has been completely completed. "
His courage to live is a great encouragement from his mother. During that time, when Beethoven closed his eyes, he would see his mother's kind eyes and think about her ardent expectations. He believed in heroes and created a lot of outstanding works full of the flavor of the times, such as the symphony Heroes and Destiny; Overture Egmont; Piano sonatas Pathetique, Moonlight, Storm, Passion, etc. These works not only show life, love, pain, despair and death, but also reveal some thoughts on maternal love.
The power of maternal love also made this suffering person look after by God. At this time, an earl hired Beethoven as his daughter's piano teacher. The count's daughter was stupid and proud, and Beethoven paid little attention to her. But the noble and clever countess attracted him deeply. Since then, Beethoven often has afternoon tea and chats during classes at the Earl's home. He fell in love with the countess. The countess not only takes care of him as tenderly and lovingly as her mother, but also is a bosom friend in his music creation. The countess often helps poor Beethoven, ignoring external pressure. This seems to confirm what my mother said before her death: "God will take care of my children." Beethoven once said, "God didn't really forget to take care of me. He gave me a second feeling. "
Beethoven's life was painful from his natural pockmarked face to his later deafness and near despair. But his mother's kindness accompanied him all his life, and he really realized the true meaning of "maternal love makes you never feel inferior." It can be said that the kind of maternal love that vaguely pervades Beethoven's heart makes Beethoven's miserable life more meaningful. Mr. Fu Lei, a famous Chinese literary translator, wrote in the translator's preface to the Biography of Beethoven in romain rolland:
Only real suffering can drive away romantic Dick's fantasy suffering; Only by seeing the heroic tragedy of overcoming suffering can we help us bear the cruel fate; Only with the spirit of "I will go to hell if I don't go to hell" can we save a depressed and selfish nation: this is the lesson I learned when I first read this book 15 years ago.
It is hypocritical to defeat the enemy without fighting, frivolous without being tempered by disaster, and cowardly to escape from reality. Moderation, getting along and Xiao Zhi Xiaohui are our fatal wounds: this is my more and more firm belief in 15 years. And all this is due to Beethoven's inspiration.
& lt strongly demands extra points >