Su Shi's "Thousand Cliffs Fu" shows his open-minded and indifferent attitude towards life.
As far as language style is concerned, this paper is neither clumsy by Han Yu nor relaxed by Ouyang Xiu. It pays more attention to convey its subjective feelings by capturing images and combining sound and color. Often dotted with expressive new words, the sentence pattern is a mixture of different lengths of parallel prose. In "Qian Chibi Fu", "The white dew crosses the river, and the water meets the sky, like a reed."
Former Red Cliff Fu was written during Su Shi's relegation to Huangzhou, which was one of the most difficult periods in his life. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned for libel because of Wutai poetry case. After several rebuilds, I was tortured. After being rescued by many parties, he was released in1February of that year and demoted to Huangzhou League. You are not allowed to go to the resettlement house. "This is undoubtedly a" semi-prisoner "controlled life. 1082, wrote "Qian Chibi Fu". In his poems written in Huangzhou, he once painfully described the melancholy and depressed mood at this time. "I spent four or five years in Huanggang, a person in the smoke, no longer ask. In the period of extreme depression, his Chibi Ci clearly revealed that "the river of no return is a romantic figure through the ages", but in reality, I can only "grow up early" and sigh that "life is like a dream". Under this heavy mental pressure, Dongpo felt deeply in his heart and began to compare. This can not but produce our admiration for his literary talent and personality today. Dongpo became the "Dongpo old man" who forgot his machine because he was good at "freeing himself from the outside" (this aspect is very important). It is impossible for a person to be hit all his life. The problem is the attitude towards the blow. In the face of cruel political struggle, Su Dongpo wants to be detached and can't be detached. He never shows people easily, and only hides one or two people when he meets people. Qin Zhi (the word was stolen by Fu Yao) was able to make a request, so he wrote a book to send it. How difficult it is to be afraid of things, Qin loves me and will hide it. "This postscript helps to understand the author's depression at that time. Su Shi had to seek sustenance from the old thoughts of Buddha. The scenery in Huangzhou reminds him of the ancients. In a word, Su Shi's mood at that time was extremely complicated: passive retreat and active progress, suffering from illness and carefree landscape. Behind the idea of not competing with the world, he showed anger at the injustice of the world, uncompromising enterprising spirit, contempt for wealth and lofty feelings of independence.
Some people once thought that Su Shi's use of Huangzhou Chibi as a place for Sun Bin to make friends was not very accurate. The Red Cliff visited by Su Shi is not the real Red Cliff where there was a great war in history. The focus of Su Shi's article is not Zhou Yu's act of breaking Cao Zhuang, he just expresses his heart by borrowing things to get rid of it.
Throughout the whole paper, the author's feelings have experienced three changes: joy-sadness-joy, and the author's thoughts have also experienced a development process from calm to depression, and then from depression to liberation. Around the three changes of the author's feelings, the whole article has also been skillfully unfolded. "Writing carries Tao", the author must rely on good literary expressions if he wants his thoughts and feelings to be clearly understood by readers. The philosophical thoughts in Su Shi's articles are conveyed through his new use of Fu. Qian Chi Bi Fu is a word, and the author's thoughts and opinions are often expressed in the form of subject-object questions and answers. This traditional format is obviously adopted in Qianchibi Fu. Words pay attention to parallelism and antithesis, and there are also many parallelism and antithesis sentences in Qianchibi Fu. Therefore, it has the basic characteristics of ci fu. However, Su Shi's fu is not as gorgeous as that since the Han and Wei Dynasties. It's just about layout, and there is little philosophical infiltration. The reason why this piece of music is enduring is that it has made new achievements in breaking through the old style of ci and fu. Today, we can call it prose poetry. The poet expresses his feelings in his heart with a flowing style, which makes the words richer in flesh and blood, more sincere in feelings and more intimate in feelings and words.
First, it fully shows the characteristics of prose, which is poetic, picturesque and philosophical. As far as scenery is concerned, there are bright moons, rivers and autumn winds. As far as love is concerned, there are joys and sorrows. Sometimes, I go boating in Qiu Jiang and sing. Sometimes he is independent and immortal; Ask questions suddenly from time to time and talk about philosophy. With the change of scenery, the mood jumps frequently, but it is not messy. It is based on the author's subjective feelings from beginning to end. Su Shi expounded the philosophy of change and invariance in my article. Although this argument originated from the relativism philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi, it has idealistic elements, but at the same time it has dialectical factors. This is the idea that the author should concentrate on and is the "god" of the article. With the development of subjective feelings, prose is full of ups and downs and interesting. The article is full of artistic appeal and provides a successful example for later prose creation.
Second, the ingenious use and innovation of "Fu" style. Fu on a Thousand Cliffs is a clever combination of prose and verse, and a unity of poetry and prose. The article is a prose style, but it is not limited to ancient prose. Its sentences are long and short, its prose is vivid and elegant, and it is a beautiful prose poem. The scenes visited in this article are constant. There is also the beauty of poetic scenes, free prose and vivid reasoning. In such a prose poem, we can appreciate both the beauty of literature and the interest of philosophy, which is undoubtedly the perfect integration of literature and philosophy.