I originally answered this to someone, so I was a little lazy and copied what I originally wrote. I hope it will be useful to LZ. .
Yonghuai Ancient Relics (Part 3)
Going to Jingmen through the mountains and valleys, Mingfei Shangyou Village grew up.
Once we go to Zitai Lianshuo Desert, we will only leave the green tomb facing the dusk.
Draw pictures to understand the spring breeze, and wear a ring in the sky to return to the soul of the moonlit night.
For thousands of years, the pipa has been playing nonsense, and there is clear resentment in the music.
This poem is the third of the "Five Poems on Ancient Relics". Du Fu expresses his broad ambitions by praising Zhaojun Village and remembering Wang Zhaojun.
"The mountains and valleys go to Jingmen, and there is a village of Mingfei." The first two sentences of the poem first point out the location of Zhaojun Village. According to "Yi Tong Zhi": "Zhaojun Village is located forty miles northeast of Guizhou, Jingzhou Prefecture." Its address is in Xiangxi, Zigui County, Hubei Province today. When Du Fu wrote this poem, he was living in Baidi City, Kuizhou. This is the west end of the Three Gorges, with higher terrain. He stood on the heights of Baidi City and looked eastward at Jingmen Mountain outside the east entrance of the Three Gorges and its nearby Zhaojun Village. Hundreds of miles away, it was originally impossible to see, but he used his imagination to move from near to far and imagined a majestic and majestic picture of mountains and ravines rushing to Jingmen Mountain along with the dangerous river current. He used this picture as the first sentence of this poem, and the momentum was very extraordinary. Du Fu wrote about the Three Gorges river flow, "Many waters will flow into thousands of rivers, and Qutang will fight for one" ("Two Poems on the Yangtze River"). The use of the word "fight" highlights the danger of the Three Gorges water potential. Here, the word "go" is used to highlight the majesty and vividness of the Three Gorges mountains. This is an interesting contrast. . "Summary of Du's Poems" by Wu Zhantai of the Qing Dynasty is another view. He said: "It has an abrupt beginning. It is the first sentence among the seven rhymes. It means that the mountains and rivers are winding and the bells and spirits are beautiful, and a concubine of the Ming Dynasty was born. It is said to be graceful and beautiful, which is earth-shattering." It means that Du Fu just wanted to promote Zhaojun, who is "fair and graceful". "Beauty", I want to write her as "earth-shaking", so I use the majestic scenery of mountains and rivers to set her off.
"As soon as I left the Zitai Lianshuo Desert, I left only the green tomb facing the dusk." The first two sentences describe Zhaojun Village, and only these two sentences describe Zhaojun himself. The poet only used these two short and powerful poems to describe the tragedy of Zhaojun's life. Judging from the concept and words of these two poems, Du Fu probably borrowed the words from Jiang Yan of the Southern Dynasty's "Hate": "When the Ming Dynasty passed away, I looked up to the sky and took a deep breath. The Purple Terrace is a little far away, and the mountains are endless. I hope the king will see you in the end. "It's a foreign land." However, after careful comparison, we should admit that the richness and depth of the ideological content summarized by Du Fu's two poems greatly exceed that of Jiang Yan. Zhu Han, a native of the Qing Dynasty, said in his "Interpretation of Du's Poems": "The word 'Lian' expresses the scenery of the fortress, and the word 'Xiang' expresses the heart of thinking about the Han Dynasty. There is spirit in the writing." That's right. However, these two words are not the only ones that have God. Just looking at Zitai and Shuomo in the previous sentence, you will naturally think of the life that Zhaojun, who left the Han Palace and married the Huns, lived thousands of miles away in a foreign and customary environment. The next sentence describes Zhaojun's death and burial outside the Great Wall, using the two simplest and ready-made words "green tomb" and "twilight", which is particularly artistic and ingenious. In everyday language, the word dusk refers to time, but here, it seems to mainly refer to space. It refers to the dusk sky that is connected with the boundless desert and covers the surrounding areas. It is It is so big that it seems to be able to swallow everything and digest everything. However, there is only one green tomb with evergreen tomb grass, which it cannot swallow or digest. Thinking of this, this poem naturally gives people an extremely vast and heavy feeling that the world is merciless and the green tombs contain hatred.
"Draw a picture to understand the spring breeze, and wear a ring to return to the moonlit night soul." This is a direct follow-up to the previous two sentences, further describing Zhaojun's life experience, family and country. The sentence about drawing pictures inherits from the third sentence before, and the sentence about wearing rings inherits from the fourth sentence before. The sentence about painting pictures means that due to the stupidity of Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty, he only looked at the pictures and not the people in the concubines and palaces, leaving their fate completely to the mercy of the painters. To know something briefly means to know something briefly. It is said that Emperor Yuan knew Zhaojun slightly from the pictures, but in fact he did not know Zhaojun at all, which caused the tragedy of Zhaojun being buried outside the Great Wall. The sentence on the ring is about her longing for her motherland, which will never change. Although her bones remain in the green grave, her soul will return to the country where her parents grew up on a moonlit night. Jiang Kui, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, further enriched and improved the image of Du Fu's poem in his famous poem "Sparse Shadows" about plum blossoms:
Zhaojun is not used to Hu Shayuan,
But I secretly recall Jiangnan and Jiangbei.
I want to wear a ring and return on a moonlit night,
turn into this lonely flower.
What Zhaojun misses here is the south and north of the Yangtze River, not the Han Palace in Chang'an, which is particularly moving. The ghost of Zhaojun who returns on a moonlit night is refined and transformed into a fragrant and pure plum blossom. The imagination is even more beautiful!
“Thousands of years of pipa music has been played in Hu language, and the resentment is clearly expressed in the music.” This is the end of the poem. The melody of the pipa that has been played in thousands of years of Hu language points out the theme of Zhaojun’s “resentment” in the whole poem. . According to Liu Xi's "Record of Names" of the Han Dynasty: "Pipa originated from the drum played by Hu Zhongma. The pushing hand is called Pi, and the leading hand is called Pa." Jin Shichong's "Mingjun Ci Preface" said: "In the past, a princess married Wusun. He ordered the pipa to play music immediately to comfort his thoughts on the road. "The pipa was originally an instrument introduced to China from the Hu people, and it often played music outside the Great Wall in Huyin and Hu tunes. Later, it was played by many people." People sympathized with Zhaojun and wrote pipa music such as "Zhaojun's Resentment" and "Wang Mingjun", so pipa and Zhaojun became inseparable in poetry.
As has been repeatedly stated before, although Zhaojun’s "resentment" also includes the "resentment" of "hating the emperor for never meeting him", the more important thing is that a woman who married in a foreign land always misses her hometown. The resentment and worry of missing one's homeland are the deepest and most common feelings toward one's hometown and motherland that have been accumulated and consolidated from generation to generation over thousands of years.
The story returns to the first two sentences of this poem. Hu Zhenheng's poem "Going to Jingmen from all the mountains and valleys" can only be used in a place where heroes "grow", and it is inappropriate to use it in a small village where "mingfei grows". It is precisely because he only laments the fate of beauties and other narrow-minded people. To understand Zhaojun through emotions, one cannot understand the weight of Zhaojun’s resentment. Wu Zhantai realized that Du Fu wanted to write Zhaojun as "earth-shaking", and Yang Lun realized Du Fu's "solemn" attitude in writing, but he did not fully explain why Zhaojun could be "earth-shaking" and worthy of being "solemn". Although Zhaojun was a woman, she traveled thousands of miles, left her tomb for eternity, her heart was with her motherland, and her name will last forever with her poems and music. Why is it not worthy of being solemnly written in a magnificent poem like "Going to Jingmen over mountains and valleys"? ?
The title of Du Fu's poem is "Yong Huai Ancient Ruins". Obviously, when he wrote about Zhaojun's resentment, he placed his feelings on his family and country. At that time, he was "wandering in the southwest world", far away from his hometown, and his situation was similar to Zhaojun. Although he was in Kuizhou, which was not as far away from his hometown of Luoyang and Yanshi as Zhaojun was when he went to the fortress, Luoyang was still an elusive place for him because "the plains are vast in letters and deep in war." He lives in Zhaojun's hometown, and he just uses the image of Zhaojun missing his hometown and returning to his hometown every night to express his feelings of missing his hometown.
We can also appreciate this poem from the comment of Li Zide from the Qing Dynasty: "Only describing the concubine Ming, there is never a word about the discussion, but the meaning is all-inclusive. Later generations can never match it." This comment can be used to appreciate this poem. The most important artistic feature of the book is that from beginning to end, it is all based on images without a single sentence of abstract discussion. However, the tragic image of Zhaojun, who "left the green tomb alone to face the dusk" and "went to the moon in the sky", is in the reader's mind. It left an indelible impression on my heart.