Introduction: Cutting Wheat by Tube is an early work of Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. This poem describes the busy farming scene in the wheat harvest season and criticizes the poverty caused by exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees. The following is the original text and translation of Guan Xie Mai that I brought to you. I hope it helps you.
Original text:
The Tian family has less leisure in the month, and people are twice as busy in May.
In the evening, the south wind rises and the wheat turns yellow.
A woman's husband is hungry and her child is pregnant with pot pulp.
Go with Tian Xiang. Ding Zhuang is in Nangang.
Summer is steaming and rustic, and the back is burning.
I don't know about the heat, but I regret the long summer.
Another poor woman, holding her son,
Grab the ear with your right hand and hang the basket with your left arm.
Listening to his words of concern is very sad.
My family's taxes are gone, so I can take this to satisfy my hunger.
What are my advantages today? I have never been involved in farming and mulberry.
There are 300 stones in the land, and there is surplus grain in the year of Yan.
I am ashamed to read this in private, and I can't forget it every day.
Translation:
Farmers seldom have free months. When May comes, people are busier.
At night, the south wind blew, and the wheat covered on the ridge was ripe and yellow.
Women use bamboo baskets to pick food and children's hand-held pots to hold water.
Follow each other to deliver food in the fields, and the men who collect wheat are all in Nangang.
Their feet were smoked by the heat of the ground and their backs were basking in the hot sun.
Tired as if I didn't know it was hot, I just cherished the long summer.
I saw a poor woman standing beside the wheat harvester with her child in her arms.
The left ear of wheat was picked up in the right hand, and a broken basket was hung on the left arm.
Listening to her look at others, everyone who hears her feels sorry for her.
Because of paying rent and taxes, all the fields at home have been sold out, so we have to pick up some ears of wheat to satisfy our hunger.
What achievements have I made now, but I don't have to engage in farming and sericulture.
Get a salary of 300 stone meters a year, and there will be surplus food at the end of the year.
I feel ashamed to think of these things, and I can't forget them all day.
Precautions:
(1) Hey (y? ): cut. Topic bet? He was a county magistrate at that time? .
(2) reply (f? ) long (lǒng) yellow: when the wheat is yellow, it will cover the ridge. Cover: cover. Dragon: Same? Dragon? Here refers to the ridge of farmland where crops are planted, and here refers to wheat fields in general. ⑶ Auntie: Daughter-in-law and mother-in-law, generally referring to women here. Lotus (h? ) eat (dān) (sh? ): Rice in a bamboo basket. H: shoulders, shoulders. Fast food: food packed in bamboo baskets.
(4) childlike innocence (zh? ) jiāng: The child uses the pot to end the soup. Slurry: a slightly sour drink in ancient times, sometimes referring to rice wine or soup.
5. Pay (m \u ng) Tian: Send meals to people who work in the fields.
[6] Ding Zhuang: A young man. Nangang (gāng): Place name.
(7) Steaming the summer heat rusts the back, scorching the sky: the feet are smoked by the hot air on the ground, and the back is roasted by the scorching sun.
(8) Dan: Only. Cherish: hope.
(9) refers to farmers who are working. Next: Same? Beside? .
⑽ Bing (bǐng) Sui Zuo: Holding the ear of wheat picked from the ground. Bing, take it. Get lost, get lost
⑾ hanging: carrying it. We (b? ) basket: broken basket.
⑿ Care for each other: Look at each other and tell each other. C: Look, look.
[13] Audience: Bai Juyi refers to himself. For (w? I) feel sorry for it. What? )。
[14] tax (Shu? ): Pay the rent. Lose, pass, extend to give, give.
⒂ I: refers to the author himself.
⒃ Zeng (c? Ng) Not engaged in farming: Never engaged in agricultural production. Zeng: All the time, never. Things: engage in. Agriculture and mulberry industry: agriculture and sericulture.
⒄ collectors (l? ) Lu (l? ) three hundred stones (d? N): At that time, Bai Juyi was appointed as the magistrate of Zhouzhi County with an annual salary of about 300 meters. Stone: an ancient unit of capacity, with ten buckets as one stone (pronounced D in ancient times? n).
⒅ Suiyan (y? N): end of the year. Yan, it's late
Read this: think about this.
⒇ All day: All day, all day.
The author's life:
be born in troubled times
Bai Juyi was born in the first month of the seventh year (772) in Dali, Tang Daizong. Shi Dun Confucianism? Small and medium-sized bureaucratic families. Shortly after Bai Juyi was born, a war broke out in his hometown. Li Fanzhen is divided into more than ten states in Henan, and the people have suffered from war. When Bai Juyi was two years old, Ren Gongxian's grandfather died in Chang 'an, followed by his grandmother. Bai Juyi's father, Bai, was first taught by Songzhou Division (780), a magistrate in Pengcheng County, Xuzhou. A year later, Bai and Li Yan, the secretariat of Xuzhou, insisted on Xuzhou's meritorious service and were promoted to Xuzhou special driving. In order to avoid the war in Xuzhou, he sent his family to Suzhou for a peaceful life. Bai Juyi was able to spend his childhood in Suzhou R&F. Bai Juyi, on the other hand, was brilliant and studied so hard that his mouth was sore and his hands were calloused. Young, all white hair.
Official life
In 806, Bai Juyi went to school as a bookseller. In April of the same year, he was awarded the commandant of Guo County (now zhouzhi county). In 807, he served as an examiner of Jinshi and a captain of Jixian County, and was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hanlin. In 808, he was left to tidy up the body and welcomed Yang Yuqing's sister as his wife. In 8 10, he was transferred to the household department of Jingzhao House and joined the army. In 8 1 10, his mother Chen died, leaving Ding You behind and returning to her post. In 8 14, he returned to Chang' an and awarded Prince Zuo Zanshan as a doctor.
Bai Juyi thought that he had been appreciated and promoted by the emperor who liked literature, so he hoped to repay him by doing his duty as an official. So he wrote frequently and wrote many poems reflecting social reality, hoping to make up for the current situation and even point out the emperor's mistakes in person. Bai Juyi's words were accepted, but his directness made Tang Xianzong feel unhappy and complained to Li Jiang. Bai Juyi's boy, it's hard to be rude to me just because I exalt myself to the sky. ? Li Jiang thought this was Bai Juyi's loyalty, and advised Xian Zong to be open and honest.
Be demoted to Jiangzhou
In 8 15, prime minister Wu was assassinated, and Bai Juyi advocated that it was considered ultra vires to crack down on the murderer. Later, Bai Juyi was slandered: his mother fell into the well and died, but Bai Juyi got it? Enjoy flowers? And then what? New well? Poetry is harmful to famous religions. Therefore, he was demoted to Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) Sima. In 8 18, Bai Juyi's younger brother Bai Xingjian went to Jiangzhou to see Bai Juyi. When Bai Juyi was appointed as the secretariat of Zhongzhou, Bai Xingjian also went upstream with his brother. On the way, I met Yuan Zhen in Huangniuxia. The place where the three of them swam together was called Sanyou Cave. During his tenure in Zhongzhou, Bai Juyi planted flowers on the hillside east of Zhongzhou and named this place? Dongpo? . [10] In the same winter, he was appointed as the secretariat of Zhongzhou (now Zhongxian County, Chongqing) and took office in August19. In the summer of 820, he was recalled to Chang 'an and served as a foreign minister of Shangshu Division.
Although Bai Juyi's mother died looking at flowers, Bai Juyi had many poems about flowers, and according to the records of the Song Dynasty, Xinjing poems were written around the first year of Yuanhe (Xinjing poems have been lost today), which shows that this matter cannot constitute a charge. The main reason for his demotion is probably related to his writing satires and offending those in power. Jiangzhou is a turning point in Bai Juyi's life: before that, he took? Concurrent? For ambition, I hope to make a useful contribution to the people of the country; Then his behavior gradually turned? Alone? Although he still cares about the people, his actions have no spark of the past. However, although Bai Juyi was frustrated in Jiangzhou, he was able to live a peaceful life on the whole. He once built a thatched cottage in the north of Lushan incense burner peak and made friends with local monks.
Working in Suzhou and Hangzhou
In the winter of 820, he was transferred to be the guest of honor, doctor. In 82 1 year, doctor Jia Chaosan began to formally wear a five-level scarlet robe (scarlet is the color of vermilion, which is used by officials above five levels). Go to Zhu Guo, and then go to Zhongshu Sheren. In 822, Bai Juyi wrote that the military in Hebei at that time was not adopted and requested to work in other places. In July, he was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou, and he took office at 65438+ 10. During his tenure, he built the West Lake levee and dredged six wells, all of which made achievements. In May of 824, he was appointed as the son of Prince Zuo Shu, divided the capital into the East, and went to Luoyang in autumn to buy a house in Luoyang. In 825, he served as Suzhou secretariat and took office in May. He left his job due to illness in 826, and then traveled to Yangzhou and Chuzhou with Liu Yuxi.
When he was in charge of the secretariat of Hangzhou, he saw that six ancient wells in Hangzhou were in disrepair for a long time, so he presided over the dredging of these six wells to solve the drinking water problem of Hangzhou people. Seeing the West Lake silting up farmland drought, we built a dam to store water for irrigation and reduce the harm caused by drought, and made the Stone Story of Qiantang River, which engraved the policies, methods and precautions of lake water management on the lake for future generations to know, which had a great influence on lake water management in Hangzhou later. Before Bai Juyi left office, he left an official salary in the state treasury as a fund for the turnover of official salaries in Hangzhou, and then made up the original value afterwards. When the fund operated to Huang Chao Rebellion, Huang Chao arrived in Hangzhou, the documents were burned and the fund disappeared.
The West Lake has Bai Causeway, and willows are planted on both sides. Later generations mistakenly thought that this was a levee built by Bai Juyi and called it Baigong Dike. Actually, this way? Bai Causeway? Before Bai Juyi came to Hangzhou, it was called? Baishadi? And it is found in Bai Juyi's poems.
When Bai Juyi was in Hangzhou, Yuan Zhen was also transferred from the prime minister to an observer in eastern Zhejiang, which was not far from Hangzhou, so he gave them many poems. When Bai Juyi left Hangzhou, Yuan Zhen asked Bai Juyi to hand over all his works and compile them into 50 volumes of Bai Juyi's Changqing Collection.
During his tenure in Suzhou, Bai Juyi dug a road from Tiger Hill in the west to Shantang River in Nagato in the east, and built a road on the north side of Shantang River. Qilishan Hall? , abbreviation? Shantang Street? .
Old age life
In 827, Bai Juyi went to Chang 'an as a secretary supervisor, fitted with a purple fish bag and put on purple court clothes (clothes worn by officials with more than three products). In 828, he was transferred to assistant minister of punishments and was stationed in Jinyang County. In the spring of 829, due to illness, he was taught by the Prince and returned to Luoyang to perform in the Taoist temple. In 830,
In February 65438, he was appointed as Henan Yin. 83 1 Yuan Zhen died in July. In 832, he wrote an epitaph for Yuan Zhen, Yuan Jia gave Bai Juyi 600,000 pens, and Bai Juyi gave them all to Xiangshan Temple in Luoyang. In 833, due to illness, he was exempted from Henan Yin, and later served as the Prince Guest Company. In 835, he was appointed minister of the same state and resigned from his post. Later, he was appointed as the eastern capital of the Prince Division of Shaofu, and was appointed as the marquis of Fengyi County, and stayed in Luoyang. 65438+839 10 month, got wind disease. In 84 1 year, the prince was dismissed and his salary was suspended. In 842, he became an official of the minister of punishments, receiving half salary.
How much did Bai Juyi live in his later years? Leisure? Life reflects itself? Poverty is immune? Philosophy of life. In 844, 73-year-old Bai Juyi funded the excavation of the stone beach around Longmen, and wrote a poem "Two Eight Stone Beaches in Longmen" as a souvenir. Can this poem still reflect him? Is it good for the world? Outlook on life.
Bai Juyi spent most of his later years in Luoyang, singing with Liu Yuxi and often traveling in Longmen. Self-report "Chapter on the Pool" and "Biography of Mr. Drunk Sound". In 845, Bai Juyi was 74 years old, and it was still held in Daoli? Seven old will? Participants include Gao Hu, Ji Jiao, Zheng Zhi, Serina Liu, Lu Zhen, Zhang Hun and Bai Juyi; In the summer of the same year, seven old monks Ruman and Li were painted. Nine old photos? . Bai Juyi believed in Buddhism in his later years and was named a Buddhist in Xiangshan. He is a disciple of the monk Ruman.
Bai Juyi died in Luoyang on August 14th (September 8th) in six years (846), at the age of 75, and was presented as the right servant of Shangshu, posthumous title? Words? , buried in Luoyang Xiangshan. After Bai Juyi's death, Li Chen wrote a poem to mourn him. Who taught Minglu to become a poet after creating jade beads for 60 years? Floating clouds are naturally happy if they are not famous and easy to live in. Boys perform "Song of Eternal Sorrow", and Hu Er can sing "Pipa". The article is full of people, and I once missed you. ? Author of Bai Changqing Collection, with a total of 7 1 volume.
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