Du Fu's life was bumpy, and he experienced the hardships of life and the sadness of the world. In Du Fu's poems, there are many poems describing the moon. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 100 poems about the moon by Du Fu, among which there are many wonderful sentences, which have been passed down through the ages. In Lao Du's works, which has always been "depressed and frustrated" and "the words are not surprising and endless", it is a solemn and gloomy moon world, a fairyland in Yaochi with sincere friendship and endless ambitions, and a night sky elf hiding sad tears. Among them, there is the tranquility and beauty of "the maple leaves the moon, the clothes are clean and the piano is open", and there is also the war grief and indignation of "the night passes through the battlefield and the cold moon shines on the bones"; There is the loyalty of "Ten thousand windows in the sky are flashing, and nine Yuntai Yue Hui", and there is "He knows that the dew is frost tonight, and the moonlight at home is bright!" . Du Fu's Moon Poetry is a reflection of Du Fu's life experience, which reflects the various characteristics of that particular era and the emotional fluctuation of a generation of poets and philosophers.
First, "the moon hangs in the sky and the night is lonely"-the frontier is bitter, cold, desolate and tragic.
Many of Du Fu's monthly poems reflect the war, pay attention to the "Anshi Rebellion" and reveal the great disaster brought to the people. Du Fu's The First Nine Embankments, The Last Five Embankments and The Northern Expedition are all representative works of this kind. "Midday hangs the bright moon, which makes the severe night lonely" (the second part of the last five chapters) is stuck in the empty realm. The night when the bright moon hangs high should have been the time for people to rest and fall into sweet dreams. This is not the case. In Hu Jia's mournful voice, under the lonely moon hanging high, and in the serious military atmosphere, the foot soldiers dare not be presumptuous and cannot slack off. They can only be silent and sad, at the mercy of war, and have no freedom. Such a profound and vigorous scene with broad artistic conception makes people feel like they are in a jam. The Northern Expedition can be said to be a typical representative of Du Fu's epic. The whole poem is huge, with 700 words in 140 sentences, which is the longest of Du Fu's five-character poems. The Anshi Rebellion, the demise of the country, the changes of the times, and the fate of individuals are all in the poem; The whole poem is full of complicated feelings, thinking about the past, sighing about the reality, thinking about the future, and galloping wildly, which is called the swan song of the ages. Among them, "the night passes through the battlefield, and the cold moon shines on the bones. Tongguan million divisions, who died? " The poet crossed the battlefield in the middle of the night. Under the gloomy shadow of Leng Yue, countless bones are telling heartbreaking tragedies and accusing the people of endless disasters caused by the Anshi Rebellion. The style of writing is simple and profound, full of feelings of worrying about the country and the people, with the desire of national rejuvenation, reflecting the political situation and social reality at that time, thus expressing the resentment of ordinary people.
"Color trail, high curtilage watergate. Between the thin clouds and the rocks, the solitary moon turns over.
Storks chase silence, jackals eat noisily. Insomnia and anxiety, unable to work hard. "
-("Song of the Su River")
Du Fu has always been concerned about the rise and fall of the country and the safety of the people. He wrote many sleepless nights in different modes, and expressed his magnificent feelings of caring about current events and people's livelihood through what he saw, heard and thought during his sleepless hours. The lonely moon churning in the waves is even more desolate in the melee between storks and jackals, echoing the poet's sad feeling of worrying about Gan Kun but unable to turn back when he was awake in the last two sentences. Therefore, the lonely moon is not only a simple water moon scene, but also a portrayal of the poet's sad mood.
As mentioned above, there are many poems reflecting the desolation of frontier fortress. "The quiet building is dark and straight, and the mountains are faint and the moon is oblique." At night, the birds disappeared and the crows were killed. "Ren Qiu said in Du Fu's Detailed Interpretation of Poems:" Every sentence is about singing scenery, and every sentence is about love. Speaking of sour feeling, people want to cry. "
Second, "he knows that the dew will be frost tonight, and how bright the moonlight is at home!" " -homesickness, deep affection.
Du Fu has been wandering all his life, often far away from his hometown and relatives. He deeply misses his hometown and relatives. The representative works in this field are Moonlit Night and Moonlit Night Remembering My Brother. Since ancient times, the moon has been the most basic maternal complex, pinning people's thoughts on their loved ones in their hometown, as the saying goes, "the moon sends acacia thousands of miles away."
"In Fuzhou, far away, she was watching the moonlight, looking at it alone from the window of her room. For our boys and girls, poor little baby, too young to know where the capital is.
The fragrant mist wets the temples, and the jade shoulders are cold. When can we lie on the screen again and look at the bright light and stop crying? . "
-(Du Fu's Moonlit Night)
After the An Shi Rebellion broke out, Du Fu placed his wife and children in Zhangzhou, and the Prince ascended the throne in Lingwu in August. The news came that Du Fu ran from Zhangzhou to Lingwu, hoping to do something for the new emperor, but was captured by Anshi rebels halfway and escorted to Chang 'an. The poet lives in Chang 'an, which has fallen, and cares about his wife in Zhangzhou. One autumn at the foot of the mountain, Du Fu wrote this sincere and touching homesickness. The outstanding feature of this poem is that the poet intentionally expresses his feelings of missing his wife, but it is written from his thoughts of his wife, which makes the thoughts fly from the other side and makes Du Fu's thoughts more and more profound. As Wang Siyuan, a poetry critic in Ming Dynasty, said, "Homesickness of the masses and families has reached a new level. I mind that my children can't think, and I have entered a new level. My temples are wet and my arms are cold, so I can watch the moon for a long time. The better the moon is, the more bitter it is, and the more beautiful the language is. After all, when I think of getting together, I feel sad about the moon, and I like it very much. " ("Du Yi") The whole poem evokes feelings with the bright moon, and the same bright moon embodies the mutual thoughts of the two places. The long and distant yearning, intertwined with the hazy moonlight, forms a beautiful and profound atmosphere, which makes readers feel sad and sad. The long-lasting affection, the shift of time and space, and the excellent artistic conception make this poem the most outstanding representative of Du Fu's Five Laws, and also make this poem a model for thousands of years.
Du Fu not only misses his wife and children, but also cares about his siblings. The turbulent situation and hard life aroused his infinite affection for his loved ones.
"A tramp hears drums foretell a battle, and a wild goose is in autumn. The dew turns to frost tonight, and the moonlight at home is bright!
Brothers are scattered, and no one can ask about life and death. Letters sent to Luoyang city are often not delivered, and wars often do not stop. "
-("Remembering Brothers on a Moonlit Night")
Under the threat of war, Du Fu tied his brothers and wrote the above poem on the night of the White Dew Festival, in the moonlight and the sound of lonely geese. The world is the same bright moon, but due to different time, place and mood, the degree of moonlight is also different. The loneliness of brothers' separation makes Qinzhou month naturally inferior to the warm hometown month where brothers and sisters meet, and the night view of dewdrop moon contains infinite affection. The whole poem expresses the poet's pain in the destruction of the country and his family in fresh language, and expresses his deep and pure friendship with his brother. It can be said that every word is vivid and artistic appeal is extremely strong.
In addition, Du Fu also has some famous poems about the moon to express the poet's concern about the future and life and death of his old friend Li Bai, as well as his unforgettable feelings for his old friend, such as "I woke up, and the moonlight shone on the rafters like your face, still floating in the air" (the first of "Li Bai's two dreams").
Third, "the sky is far away, and the moon is lonely for one night"-gifted scholars are not sad.
No matter what hardships Du Fu experienced in his life, he always adhered to his personality ideal and his great ambition of "worrying about Li Yuan in poor years and sighing in his intestines". Although he was depressed for a long time and could not be used, he never forgot.
"The breeze rippled on the grass shore, through the night, and blew to my still high mast. The endless plains are dotted with drooping stars. The moon runs with the river.
I hope my art can bring me fame and liberate my sick old age from the office! . Flying around, what am I like? But sandpipers in the vast world! . "
-"Express my feelings at night")
On a lonely moonlit night, the poet was alone, facing the vast bright moon and overlooking the turbulent river, and his thoughts were difficult to calm down. At this time, the poet was old and sick, but he resigned not because he was old and sick, but because he was excluded, so he said, "Don't save me from dying in my later years!" This is actually a satire and an expression of his inner dissatisfaction. I am like a lonely Sha Ou, helpless in such a turbulent situation, thus deeply expressing my resentment against incompetence.
This kind of thought is more incisive in the poem Jianghan.
"Jianghan homesick, dry Kun pedant. The sky is far away, and the moon is lonely all night.
The heart of the setting sun is still strong, and the autumn wind is sick. Since ancient times, the old horse has not spent its physical strength because of its wisdom. Therefore, although I am old and sicker, I can still do it. "
This poem expresses the injustice of the poet's talent and his feelings of actively serving the country and thinking about the country. "Days are * * far away, jathyapple is lonely" is about scenery and people. Clouds float in the sky, accompanied by jathyapple, which is a landscape, while a cloud in Du Fuxiang floats across the world, lonely as the moon, and writes about people, blending scenes and scenes, which is very lonely. The whole poem can make people feel Du Fu's beating heart and the poet's anguish of not being reused. After a thousand years, we can't help sighing for this great poet.
Fourth, "the shadow of the waning moon in the curtain, the sound of the river in the distance"-the cold waning moon is in a hurry
Du Fu's life is a wandering life. He is a Nightcrawler, lonely and desolate. Only the moon in the sky accompanied the poet through countless sleepless nights, and the moon was his spiritual companion and ideal sustenance. In the quiet and hazy moonlight, the poet opened his heart, poured out his loneliness and depression, and pinned his thoughts and hopes. It can be said that the moon is the witness of the poet's rough years, hasty travel and sad life.
"The autumn night is cold in the Laka tree in this courtyard, and I am lying alone in the town by the river. I looked at my extinguished candle.
I hear the lonely notes of the horn ringing in the dark. Who looks good in the moonlight?
My emissary is scattered by the vortex of rain and sand, and it is difficult to go.
However, I endured a miserable life for ten years and found a perch and a twig here. It is safe tonight. "
-("Sufu")
On the autumn night in Jiangcheng, the poet stayed alone in the shogunate, and the phoenix tree fell leaves in the court. The candle in front of him was broken, and the meaning of loneliness and sadness came. The night is long, the horn wails and breaks. Like to talk to myself; Look at the sky again, the moon is shining high, so beautiful, but I have no intention of enjoying it. This landscape reflects the poet's inner pain and sadness. That's because of years of war, endless dust, no letters from home, depressed customs and a bleak future. I have endured such a lonely life for ten years, and now there is no other way. How can we not worry about this situation?
"No guest sleep, autumn is not clear! Walking into the curtain, the shadow of the waning moon and the high pillow are far away from the sound of the river.
If you are all thumbs and have no food and clothing, then you are a poor friend. An old lady's book is a test paper, and she should know that she didn't answer it. "
-("Guest Night")
The poet showed us a picture of sleepless nights. It's already late at night. The poet didn't sleep, only heard the sound of the river. What is the cause of insomnia? On the one hand, I have poor earning ability and rely on friends and their help. On the other hand, I can't show my ambition. It is this sigh and yearning for life that lingers in the poet's mind, making him spend sleepless nights after sleepless nights, listening to Jiang Sheng alone. The waning moon is bleak, which reflects the poet's melancholy of traveling around the world.
To sum up, the moon in Du Fu's works is sentient and intentional, which is closely related to the poet's life. His moon accompanied the poet through a life full of passion and tragedy. Those passionate and colorful moons have made poets great, as belinsky once said: "No poet can be great because of himself, by describing himself, whether describing his own pain or describing his own happiness. Any great poet is great because their roots of pain and happiness have been deeply rooted in the soil of society and history, because he is the organ and representative of society, times and mankind. " Du Fu's broad mind, profound thoughts and lofty realm have been recited by people for thousands of years. He takes the world as his responsibility and aims at "making customs pure again". His poems, like the bright moon hanging in the sky all the time, will become the A Ring of Endless Light that shines on thousands of descendants in Qian Qian, inspiring us to keep fighting for the happiness of mankind!