In daily life or work and study, everyone must be familiar with ancient poetry. Ancient poetry is a general term for ancient Chinese poetry, which refers to Chinese poetry before the Opium War in 1840. Are you still looking for excellent classic ancient poems? The following is the original translation of the ancient poem "Spring Hope" that I compiled for your reference. I hope it can help friends in need. "Spring Hope" original text and translation Chapter 1
"Spring Hope" original text
The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is full of spring vegetation. The flowers shed tears when I feel grateful, and the birds are frightened by the hatred.
The war rages on for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold. The white-headed scratches are shorter, and the hairpin is full of lust.
Translation of "Spring Hope"
Chang'an fell and the country was ruined. Only the mountains and rivers remained. When spring came, the city was empty and sparsely populated, and the vegetation was lush and deep.
Sentimental state affairs, in the face of the blooming flowers, can’t help but burst into tears. The separation of relatives and the chirping of birds are frightening, which in turn increases the hatred of separation.
Wars have been raging frequently since the beginning of spring and have been spreading for many months. News from my family in Yanzhou is rare, and a letter is worth ten thousand dollars.
I scratched my head with sadness and thought. The more I scratched my head, the shorter my white hair became. The hair fell out so short and sparse that it was impossible to insert a hairpin.
Comments on "Spring Hope"
⑴Chunwang: spring wish.
⑵Guo: the capital of the country, referring to Chang'an (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi).
⑶Broken: Broken.
⑷City: Chang'an City.
⑸ Deep: lush; dense.
⑹ Feeling about time: Feeling about the changes in time sequence or changes in current situations.
⑺Hate farewell: Hate other situations.
① I am moved to tears by the flowers of time, and the birds are frightened by the fear of farewell: two lines of intertextuality. It is understandable that the flowers splashing tears here are an artistic exaggeration to scare the birds.
⑻Beacon fire: In ancient times, the fire was lit on a high platform on the border to alert the police. This refers to the scenes of burning and looting that occurred in the surrounding cities and villages during the war.
⑼Three months in a row: multiple months in a row.
⑽Letter from home: Letter of peace. (At that time, Du Fu's family lived in Qiang Village outside the city of Fuzhou)
⑾ Worth ten thousand gold: Family letters can be worth tens of thousands of taels of gold, which is extremely rare. Worth: value.
⑿白头: white hair, old.
⒀ scratch: scratch, scratch.
⒁Hun: Simply.
⒂Desire: want, want, want.
⒃Hairpin: a kind of hair-tying jewelry.
Appreciation of "Spring Look"
"Spring Look" is a work by Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. Worrying about the country, being sad, thinking about home, and feeling sorry for oneself show the poet's broad mind that he has always cared about the world and cared about the country and the people. This is the inherent reason why the poem is so melancholy and tragic and moving through the ages.
A five-character poem, written in the second year of Zhide (757). The poet was captured by the Anshi rebels and was trapped in Chang'an. Du Fu saw that the mountains and rivers remained unchanged but the country was ruined and the family was destroyed, and the spring returned to the earth but the cities were desolate. At this time when he was experiencing adversity and homesickness, he couldn't help but feel emotional about the scene and expressed deep sadness and emotion.
The whole article revolves around the word "wang". The first four sentences use scenes to express emotions and combine scenes. The poet writes that the city of Chang'an is overgrown with vegetation and sparsely populated to set off the dilapidation of the country. At the beginning, "the country is broken and the mountains and rivers are here" is shocking, and there is a sense of historical vicissitudes of things changing and people changing. It describes the desolate scene of the country being ruined and the city being deserted. The two sentences "I feel the flowers splashing with tears when I feel sad, and the birds that hate others are frightened." The two sentences use objects to personify the flowers and birds. They feel the division of the country and the difficulties of the country, and the flowers and birds in Chang'an shed tears and are frightened. The spring is written through flowers and birds, and the sadness of seeing things is expressed. The personification method is used to express the sadness of the country's subjugation and the sadness of parting. It reflects the poet's patriotism. The poet looks from afar to a focused perspective, from far to near, and his emotions from weak to strong. In this cross-conversion of emotions and scenery, the poet's sighs, worries and indignation are implicitly conveyed. The country is in turmoil, wars have been going on for years, people are separated from their wives, and there is no communication. It is especially valuable to receive letters from home at this time. The poet reflects from the side the great pain that the war has brought to the people and the people's eagerness to know whether their relatives are safe or not during the turmoil. At the same time, it is also difficult to obtain family letters to express the poet's deep concern for the country. The last two sentences describe the poet's increasingly sparse white hair, which cannot even be inserted into a hairpin, and describe the depth and breadth of the poet's sorrow and anger through movements. The whole poem is full of scenes, deep emotions, implicit and concise, and concise and comprehensive, which fully reflects the poet's "melancholy" artistic style. "Spring Hope" original text and translation 2
Original text:
Hangzhou Spring Hope
[Tang Dynasty] Bai Juyi
Wanghai Tower brightly illuminated At dawn, the embankments protecting the river are white and the sand is clear.
The sound of waves fills the enlisted member’s temple at night, and the willow color spring hides in Su Xiaojia’s house.
The red sleeves and weaving damask praise the persimmon stems, and the green flag sells wine while the pear blossoms are blooming.
Who opened the southwest road of Husi? The grass is green and the waist of the skirt is sloping.
Translation
The Wanghai Tower outside Hangzhou City is covered with bright morning glow, and you are walking on the river embankment and stepping on the soft white sand.
The sound of roaring Qiantang waves reaches the Soldiers' Temple on a spring night, and the delicate green willows in spring surround Su Xiaoxiao's home.
The red-sleeved girl boasted about her good weavers on Hangzhou damask and persimmon stems, and competed to buy the fine wine "Pear Blossom" in front of the Qingqi gate.
Who opened the road to the lonely mountain in the middle of the lake? The grassy path is as curved as a girl's green skirt.
Wu Yuan: Zixu, a native of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period. His father and brother were both killed by King Ping of Chu. Wu Yuan fled to the State of Wu, where he assisted King Helu of Wu to defeat the State of Chu, and assisted King Fu Chai of Wu to defeat the State of Yue. Later, he was slandered and killed by Fu Chai. According to folklore, after the death of Wu Yuan, he was named the God of Tao. The tide of Qiantang River was caused by his anger, so he was called "Zixu Tao". A temple has been built in the past dynasties to commemorate it, called Wu Gong Temple. Xushan, where the temple is built, is also called "Wugong Mountain".
Su Xiao: Su Xiaoxiao, a famous prostitute in Qiantang in the Southern Dynasties. There used to be Su Xiaoxiao's tomb beside Lengqiao in West Lake.
Red sleeves: refers to the woven damask girl.
Persimmon stem: "Persimmon stems are produced in Hangzhou, and the flowers are especially good." Volume 18 of "Mengliang Lu" written by Wu Zimu in the Southern Song Dynasty said: "The native damasks in Hangzhou are called persimmon stems and dog feet...all The patterns are unique and the colors and weaves are different."
Qingqi: refers to the wine flag in front of the wine shop. Buy wine: buy wine.
Lihua: the name of the wine. The author's original note says: "It is customary to make wine when the pear blossoms are ripe, and it is called 'Pear Blossom Spring'." These two sentences describe the customs and specialties of Hangzhou: boasting the beautiful colors of the native damask "persimmon stem" produced in Hangzhou, people rush to catch the pear blossoms when they are in bloom. Drink pear blossom spring wine.
Appreciation:
In the first couplet, "Wanghai Tower" and "River Protection Embankment" are introduced first, because the building is high and the embankment is long enough to be used throughout the whole article. They are in the brilliant morning glow. , under the reflection of the clear sand, one "bright" and one "white" create a beautiful and cheerful atmosphere, gradually opening up the following wonderful scene. Here, "shining" the twilight and glow on the building are objective phenomena, while "stepping" on the embankment to travel around is the interest of tourists. Every movement and stillness can be seen in the poet's eyes, closely linked to the word "look" in the title. The original note in the poem: "The east tower of the city is famous as the Wanghai Tower", and the city of Hangzhou is close to the Qiantang River, so embankments were built. The second couplet turns one level, and the obvious seasonal characteristics begin to emerge: the spring tide is turbulent, the night waves are rough, and the sound directly shakes the Wu Gong Temple on the top of Wushan Mountain; the willow branches cover Su Xiaojia, deep in the fresh green, and the spring light seems to be condensed. Gathered in her flowery years and fire-like enthusiasm... These two sentences are intertwined with each other, and contrast with reality and reality. They generate wonderful associations of "night entry" and "spring hiding" from the audio-visual perception, and blend into the contained content. The profound and far-reaching historical content of "Wu Yuan Temple" and "Su Xiaojia" make the ancient monuments transcend time and space, bring a sense of reality, and give readers aesthetic pleasure.
In the third couplet, we look away from the four scenic spots in front and focus on the folklore and personnel. The silk weaving industry in the south of the Yangtze River is prosperous, so the poem notes: "Persimmon stems are produced in Hangzhou, and the flowers are especially beautiful." According to Wu Zimu's "Mengliang Lu·Wu Chuan" of the Song Dynasty, this is the pattern of damask; and the local wine is produced, and the poem It also notes: "It is customary to make wine when the pear blossoms are ripe, so it is called 'Pear Blossom Spring'". Here, the two are used simultaneously to describe the exquisite weaving skills of Hangzhou women workers and the folk customs of people competing for good wine at that time, and to outline a prosperous social scene. The color contrast between "red sleeves" and "green flag", "persimmon base" and "pear blossom" are more like an elegant painting, exuding a rich and lively interest in life. The last couplet ends with the vast scene seen from a high altitude, which darkly echoes the first sentence. "Southwest Road of Husi" refers to the long embankment leading from the broken bridge to the west from the lake to Gushan. It is densely covered with flowers and trees on both sides. The poem notes: "Gushansi Road is in the middle of the lake. When the grass is green, it looks like a skirt." waist". Look, the clear waves all over the lake are fluttering like a girl's colorful skirt. The green willows and green grass on the white embankment are just like the green ribbons on the girl's skirt. The first sentence mentions "who opens", so it is a question and answer, and then uses the wonderful metaphor of "skirt waist", which reminds people of the West Lake in spring, as if it is the incarnation of a graceful young girl. "Spring Hope" original text and translation 3
Original text
Spring Hope in Hanshou City
Liu Yuxi [Tang Dynasty]
Hanshou There are spring weeds on the edge of the city, and there are thorns and hazel trees in the deserted temple and ancient tombs.
In the field, the herdsman burns the rotten dog, while the pedestrians on the street look at the stone lin.
There was a thunderbolt in the middle of the sky, and the inscription was filled with dust.
I don’t know when Japan will change, but this place will still become an important road.
Translation and annotations
Translation
In spring, weeds grow thickly beside Hanshou City, and the deserted temple and ancient tomb are covered with thorns. The shepherd boy in the field burned the discarded cud dog, and the passers-by on the road looked at the stone lin that buried the dog. The splendid watch indicating the route has now been partially damaged by thunder and lightning; the broken monuments are covered with dust, and the inscriptions are barely legible. I don’t know when the weather will change again, and when that time comes, it will become a hub for north-south transportation again.
Notes
Hanshou: the name of the county, located southeast of Changde, Hunan Province. Thorns: thorns. Mu Shu: Shepherd boy. Chu dog: In ancient times, dogs made of thatched grass were used as sacrifices and then abandoned after the sacrifice. Mo: Field road. Shilin: Qilin carved in stone, which generally refers to the stone carvings of dogs in the tombs of ancient princes and nobles. Huabiao: Stone pillars used as signs and decorations for dog sitting in palaces and cemeteries in ancient times.
Cai Jian: vaguely visible. Japan: East China Sea. Japanese change: refers to the changes in the world. Main road: traffic thoroughfare.
A piece of love written with scenery.
Although this poem tries its best to describe the desolate and dilapidated scene of the Han Shoucheng ruins, its style is not low-key. In the transformation of prosperity and decay, the poet's simple dialectical view of development and change is fully expressed, making the whole poem full of positive and enterprising spirit. This poem breaks the common framework of starting, continuing, turning, and closing the verses. The head, chin, and neck are integrated into a single couplet. It tries its best to illustrate the desolate and dilapidated scene of Han Shoucheng ruins, and constitutes the overall level of the whole poem.
"Weeds in Spring Beside Hanshou City" points out the location of "Spring View", implicitly and concisely showing that Hanshou City is in ruins. The three words "weeds in spring" make people think that if Hanshou was not a deserted city, and it was still as densely populated and prosperous as it was back then, and the spring was late and full of vitality, how could the poet describe it as the weeds just sprouting on the edge of the city? It's spring. The first couplet outlines a lot of scenery, including deserted temples, ancient tombs, thorns, and hazel bushes, but there are no human habitations. Because of this, the more the poet uses the word "pair" to combine Ke, Tomb, Jing, Hazel and the like, the more desolate it makes people feel.
"In the field, the herdsman burned the cud dog vertically, and the pedestrians on the road looked at the stone lin." Although the sentence "shepherd boy" and pedestrians" appeared, it did not add any vitality. The animal husbandry burned the cud dog in the field, indicating that The tombs and mountains were deserted, and no one was there to carry out sacrifices or sweeps. "The fields were barren, but there was room for grazing cattle and sheep." The talisman wears Shi Lin in Mo Zhi. This is because the thorns and hazel trees are so vast that there is nothing else to see except the group of stone beasts in front of the ancient tomb.
"The Huabiao passed through the sky with a thunderbolt, and the inscription was filled with dust." This sentence clearly tells people that Hanshou City is not what it used to be. The bustling transportation thoroughfares in the past are now in dilapidated condition. The Chinese watch that used to indicate the route has now been partially damaged by lightning. The broken monuments are covered with dust and the inscriptions are barely legible. The prosperity of the past is now dilapidated, all revealed in the incomplete splendor and broken stone tablets. The poet did not hesitate to spend a lot of pen and ink to write a close-up of such dilapidation and desolation, completely preparing for the philosophical discussion in the last couplet.
"I don't know when Japan will change, but this place will still become an important road." It talks about a profound philosophy. Improvisation and abandonment are interdependent and transform each other. The poet believes that prosperity and decay are not eternal and unchangeable; rather, whenever there is prosperity, there will be decay, and when there is decay, there will be prosperity. This is just like what Laozi said: "Misfortune lies on the back of blessing, and blessing lies on the misfortune." This is a view of simple dialectics.
Liu Yuxi
Liu Yuxi (772-842), named Mengde, Han nationality, was born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou) in the Tang Dynasty of China, his ancestral home is Luoyang, he was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty, and he called himself He is a descendant of King Jing of Han Zhongshan, a former censor, and a member of Wang Shuwen's political reform group. A famous poet in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, he was known as the "Poetry Hero". His family is a scholarly family with Confucianism passed down from generation to generation. He advocated political innovation and was one of the central figures in the political innovation activities of the Wang Shuwen School. Later, Yongzhen's reform failed and he was demoted to Sima of Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan). According to Mr. Zhou Xinguo, a historian and collector in Changde, Hunan, Liu Yuxi was demoted to Sima of Langzhou and wrote the famous "Spring View of Han Shou City" during his demotion. "Spring Hope" original text and translation 4
1. Spring Hope
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
Author: Du Fu
The original text is as follows :
The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is full of spring vegetation.
I shed tears when I am grateful for the flowers, and I hate others and scare the birds.
The war rages on for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold.
The white-headed scratches are shorter, and the lust is overwhelming.
2. Translation
Chang'an fell, the country was shattered, and only the mountains and rivers remained; spring came, and the sparsely populated Chang'an city was lush with vegetation.
Feeling sentimental about state affairs, I can’t help but burst into tears, and the chirping of birds frightens my heart, which only adds to the sorrow and hatred of separation.
The continuous war has lasted for more than half a year. Letters from home are rare, and one letter is worth ten thousand taels of gold.
Wrapped in melancholy, I scratched my head and thought. The white hair became shorter and shorter, and it was almost impossible to insert a hairpin.
3. Notes
1. Guo: the capital, refers to Chang'an (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi). Break: fall. The mountains and rivers are still there: The mountains and rivers of the past still exist.
2. City: Chang'an City. Deep vegetation: refers to sparsely populated areas.
3. Feeling sentimental: feeling sentimental about the current situation of the country. Splash tears: shed tears.
4. Hate farewell: regretful farewell.
5. Beacon fire: the fireworks used for border alarm in ancient times, here refers to the war of the Anshi Rebellion. March: January, February, March.
6. Dui: value, equivalent.
7. White head: This refers to white hair. Scratch: To scratch gently with your fingers.
8. Hun: Simply. Desire: want, want, want. Sheng: I can’t stand it, I can’t. Hairpin: A kind of hairpin jewelry. In ancient times, men had long hair. When they reached adulthood, they tied their hair on the top of their heads and held it with hairpins horizontally to prevent it from unraveling.
4. Introduction to the author
Du Fu (712 AD - 770 AD), courtesy name Zimei, Han nationality, was born in Gong County, Henan Province (now Gongyi, Henan Province), and was born in the Jingzhao Du family branch. One of the Du family in Xiangyang. [1] Called himself Shaoling Yelao, he was a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty. Together with Li Bai, he was known as "Li Du". In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, known as "Little Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai are also collectively known as "Big Li Du", and Du Fu is often called "Old Du".
Du Fu had a profound influence on Chinese classical poetry. He was called the "Sage of Poetry" by later generations, and his poems were called the "History of Poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
Du Fu created such masterpieces as "Spring Look", "Northern Expedition", "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". In 759, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he escaped the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about the common people and national affairs. Although Du Fu is a realist poet, he also has a wild and uninhibited side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroic spirit from his famous work "Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking".
The core of Du Fu's thoughts is the Confucian benevolent government. He has the grand ambition of "bringing the emperors Yao and Shun to the throne, and then making the customs pure." Although Du Fu was not well-known during his lifetime, he later became famous and had a profound impact on both Chinese and Japanese literature. About 1,500 poems by Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected in "Du Gongbu Collection". "Spring Hope" original text and translation 5
Original text
Spring Hope
Du Fu
The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is full of spring vegetation. .
I shed tears when I am grateful for the flowers, and I hate others and scare the birds.
The war rages on for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold.
The white-headed scratches are shorter, and the lust is overwhelming.
Translation
When the country fell, only the mountains and rivers remained, and the urban areas in spring were overgrown with grass.
Sad and sad, I shed tears when I see the flowers blooming. When I leave my family, the song of the birds makes my heart palpitate.
The flames of war have not stopped in March, and family letters are precious and can be worth tens of thousands of dollars.
When you are depressed and upset, you just scratch your head, causing your white hair to become sparse and unable to be inserted into hairpins.
Creation background
In November of the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), An Lushan rebelled against the Tang Dynasty. In June of the following year, the rebels captured Tongguan, and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled to Sichuan in a hurry. In July, Prince Li Heng was located in Lingwu (now part of Ningxia), known as Suzong in the world, and changed to Yuan Dynasty. After hearing the news, Du Fu settled his family in Duzhou and defected to Suzong's court alone. Unfortunately, he was captured by the rebels on the way and sent to Chang'an. He was not imprisoned because of his humble official position. In the spring of the second year of Zhide, Du Fu, who was in the occupied area, witnessed the desolate and desolate scene of Chang'an City. He had mixed feelings and wrote this masterpiece that has been passed down through the ages. "Spring Hope" Original Text and Translation Chapter 6
Tianjin Bridge Looking at Spring
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
Author: Yong Tao
Original text :
Jinqiao is covered with red clouds in the spring water, and the smoke and willows are blown by the wind on the bank.
When the green chariot does not come, the golden palace is closed, and the palace oriole brings out the sunflowers in its mouth.
Translation and annotations:
Translation
The spring water under the Tianjin bridge is soaked with red clouds, like smoke and thin willows tilting the shore in the breeze.
The chariots no longer come, the Golden Palace has been closed for a long time, and the orioles fly out with the flowers in Shangyang Palace in their mouths.
Notes
⑴ Tianjin Bridge: Luo Bridge, or Jin Bridge for short, is a pontoon bridge on the Luoshui River, southwest of Luoyang, Henan Province today, and is one of the scenic spots in Luoyang.
⑵Fengsi: Breeze. Oblique: The rhyme is pronounced as xiá.
⑶ Cui chariot (niǎn): the car the emperor rode in. Here it refers to the emperor.
⑷Gong Ying (yīng): generally refers to the bird that lives in the palace. Shangyang: Shangyang Palace was built during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty. It is located southwest of Luoyang Imperial City and near the Tianjin Bridge in Luoshui. Emperor Gaozong often lived here to listen to politics.
Appreciation:
Author: Anonymous
Luoyang, the eastern capital of the Tang Dynasty, was a large city second only to Chang'an, Kyoto. It serves as Yique in the front, Mang Mountain in the back, and the Luoshui River passes through the city, giving it the "image of Tianhan". This is why the Tianjin Bridge on Luoshui River in the south of the city got its name. In the Tianjin Bridge area, there are tall buildings everywhere, weeping willows form shade, and the scenery is pleasant. Emperors of the Tang Dynasty often visited the Eastern Capital for pleasure. Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty visited Luoyang seven times in his life. During Wu Zetian's reign, she spent all her time here except when she returned to Chang'an for two years. After the Anshi Rebellion broke out, Luoyang was severely damaged by war and fire, and the Tang Dynasty also failed to recover. During the period from 742 to 756 (Tianbao period), emperors no longer came here, and the old palace gardens became increasingly deserted. Therefore, the rise and fall of Luoyang City reflects the rise and fall of the Tang Dynasty to a certain extent. Yongtao lived in the late Tang Dynasty. At this time, the power of the Tang Dynasty was declining and the social crisis was becoming increasingly serious. The poet came to the Tianjin Bridge and saw the dilapidated palace. He thought about the past and felt the rise and fall of the past, so he wrote this poem Qijue.
Under the Tianjin Bridge, the spring water melts, and the gorgeous clouds are reflected in the water; beside the Tianjin Bridge, the green willows are like smoke, their soft branches are slanting on the water, and strands of gossamer are fluttering in the wind.
This beautiful spring scene in nature is still as intoxicating as before. However, the mountains and rivers remain the same, but the human affairs have changed. The poet looked north through the dense trees. Although the tall and majestic palace of the past still exists, the grand scene of thousands of officials, retinues and ministers greeting him can no longer be seen. The palace doors were closed, and the painted pillars and carved beams had lost their brilliant color. Shangyang Palace, which used to be a place of joyful singing day and night, has become lonely. Only the palace oriole flew out of the wall with a piece of broken flower in its mouth. Facing this scene, the poet's heart was ups and downs, full of emotions.
This poem describes the scenery throughout the poem, without talking about historical events or making comments. The poet observes silently, and his attitude seems to be very leisurely. However, it is precisely in this seemingly calm description that the poet's melancholy feelings of mourning the past and hurting the present are hidden. In the first and second sentences of the poem, the poet first draws a spring picture of Jinqiao, which is bright, beautiful and fascinating; in the third and fourth sentences, he transfers the closed Golden Palace and the loneliness of the palace garden, with the front and back contrasting sharply. This strong contrast naturally shows that spring returns in nature every year, but the prosperity of the Tang Empire has gone forever. This is the method of using happy scenes to describe sorrow, thus "doubling the sorrow", which has a stronger artistic effect than the method of expressing one's heart directly. The whole poem corresponds to the word "hope" everywhere. "The Golden Palace is closed" is what the poet sees in "looking", but the desolate state in the garden cannot be "looked" after all, so the fourth sentence says that the palace oriole cannot bear the loneliness and flies out of the wall to look for spring. From the side It highlights the desolate and desolate scene in Shangyang Palace. This detail is what the poet saw in "looking", so the writing is very natural, but it also expresses the poet's deep emotion that is difficult to express in a tortuous way. It is implicit, light and rhyming, and is the most wonderful stroke of the whole poem.