There are a few plum blossoms in the corner, and Ling Han is blooming alone. "Plum" by Wang Anshi
Plum blossoms have been cultivated in China for more than 3,000 years and are ornamental and culturally symbolic plants. In 1929, the plum blossom was designated as the national flower by the National Government of the Republic of China. Since the 1980s, people have been actively promoting the designation of plum blossoms as the national flower of the Republic of China, and in many areas, plum blossoms have been designated as city and county flowers.
The plum blossoms still bloom unyieldingly in the cold winter, symbolizing the perseverance, perseverance and fearlessness of our nation. Everything is well represented in it. In ancient times, there were poets who praised plum blossoms. "There are several plum blossoms on one corner, and the flowers bloom on Ling Han alone. The knowledge of distant places is not snow, because it has fragrance." Plum blossoms are also considered to be the most dignified flower species. In addition, although the plum blossoms grow in a harsh environment, they still bloom happily, expressing a character that welcomes hope with optimism.
Set up a tent in the mountains, with three solid sides and one empty side. Light a charcoal fire in the tent to keep warm and warm the wine. There are several flat-topped paper screens in the garden with windows on all sides that can be opened and closed as much as possible. What was the purpose of such elaborate and grand preparations? Actually, I came to see the plum blossoms! In the tent in the mountains, you can enjoy plum blossoms while drinking; in the paper screen in the garden, you can open the window with flowers and enjoy the flowers. This is the plum blossom appreciation scene in early spring described by Li Yu of the Ming Dynasty in "Xian Qing Ou Ji" AD. How can we not admire plum blossoms so much and appreciate them so elegantly?
Plum blossoms have a high status among the ornamental flowers and trees of Chinese literati. Together with orchid, bamboo, and chrysanthemum, it is called the "Four Gentlemen of Flowers", and together with pine and bamboo, it is called the "Three Friends of Cold Age". There are three types of plums that the ancients sang: bayberry, wintersweet, and plum. But strictly speaking, the three friends of Suihan refer to plums. During AD, the ancients' understanding of plum blossoms had been manifested in many aspects. In the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty planted many plum trees in Shanglin Garden. During the Song Dynasty, it was very common to sell plum blossoms in the market and grow plums in bottles. Li Yu said, "If arranged in order, the plum blossom is the king flower" and "a crown of plum blossoms attracts everyone's expectations", which makes sense. The "Book of Songs" of the Southern Song Dynasty, "Qunfang Preparation for Ancestors" of the Ming Dynasty, and "Qunfang Pu" of the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty all promoted plum blossoms to top flowers. During the Republic of China, the Nanjing government designated plum blossom as the national flower. In 1987, the plum blossom also ranked first in the national traditional flower selection held in Shanghai. It can be seen that plum blossoms are not only the favorite of ancient literati, but also the unanimous praise of ancient and modern people.
Even after autumn, they are ground into soil and turned into dust, the plum blossoms still continue to emit fragrance as usual. "Guangqun Fang Pu" by Lu You
Plum as an aesthetic image appeared in a large number of poems and songs, beginning in the Six Dynasties. Xiao Gang's "Bu Shuzi Yong Mei" compares the early autumn of plum blossoms to a woman's short youth and fleeting time. More Six Dynasties literati expressed their love for the unique three-spring character of plum blossoms. In the writings of literati in the Tang Dynasty, plum blossoms have more and broader connotations and spiritual connotations. People's poems describe parting, nostalgia, and beauty, and they all incorporate their own feelings into the plum blossoms. During the Southern Song Dynasty, plum blossoms became "the most beautiful thing in the world", and literati's poems about plum blossoms were very popular, and many poems about plum blossoms have become immortal. At the same time, literati and poets created a large number of poems and songs. Since the Song Dynasty, plum painting has also formed an independent branch of painting. Works by masters of plum painting such as Yang Wuzui, Zhao, Wang Mian and Jin Nong. Some are elegant in writing, some are bright and gorgeous, and have an elegant charm and quiet charm. They describe everything in the past and present.
The ancient literati appreciated plum blossoms from the outside to the inside. The elegance they projected on the plum blossoms reflected its spiritual temperament, thoughts and emotions from its color, fragrance, posture and rhyme.
The most common plum blossoms are white and red. In comparison, people seem to appreciate white roses more. Poets praised: "Frozen snow is a companion, cold fragrance is a matchmaker", "Looking from a distance is not snow, because there is a faint fragrance", and "A lovely dress will always be Tamagawa's home, the liver and gallbladder are fresh and cold but not evil." ". Baimei, cold bones, like snow and frost, pure and clear, quiet and elegant, cold fragrance is plain, clear and graceful, giving people more beautiful associations. Of course, there are many literati who appreciate red plums. Li Qingzhao wrote "The red crisps are willing to break through the beautiful treasures, and the southern branches are blooming everywhere", and Jiang Kui said "The flowers are cocoa in the distance, longing for lovesickness, dreaming of lovesickness, and surrounded by green branches." They expressed their deep-rooted love for red plums. In addition, plum blossoms come in many beautiful colors, such as palace powder, cinnabar, jade plate, etc. Some scholars once ranked it as the first of all plum blossoms, headed by green plum, with green branches, green calyx, and white and green petals, which is very elegant.
"The fragrance of plum blossoms comes from the bitter cold." It’s not easy to smell plum blossoms. "The new moon blows the night fragrance, and the frost makes it white" and "The snow contains the color of the sun, and the wind attracts its fragrance." Only in the quiet environment of early morning and evening, when the cold wind spreads the fragrance of plums in all directions, can people feel the warmth, fragrance and longevity of plums. "I smell the fragrance of plum blossoms at night and suffer from insomnia." The ancients' delicate feelings for the fragrance of plum blossoms are more poetic, and they can be used to render a distant spiritual realm.
The ancients appreciated plums, especially their twisting branches, and paid attention to their beauty and charm. Gong Zizhen, a native of China, summed up: "Plum blossoms are beautiful in music and straight in appearance; they are crowned by appearance, and there is no regular scenery; sparseness is precious, and denseness is statelessness." The branches of plums are crooked and twisted, and they have a quaint fragrance. It's interesting to watch. Gu Mei, in particular, endured the cruel torture of "fire and wind". Its branches were mutilated, cracked, and covered with traces of moss.
It seems to be a weather-beaten old man, but its thick trunk still sprouts and blooms, exuding a refreshing fragrance. The beauty and shadows eulogized by the poet are uneven, and the character and charm are stretched and curved, which not only makes the poet's image vivid, but also creates an otherworldly and sacred aesthetic artistic conception.
The snow in Xunmei is three-thirds white, but the snow has lost its fragrance. Lu Meipo, "Ode to Plum Blossoms"
Ancient literati liked the aesthetic appeal of plum blossoms, and modern literati highly summarized it for three reasons: freshness, completeness, and vitality, which is quite reasonable.
The elegant character is called "Jingqi Shen", which is the simplicity and purity of the soul, the elegance and detachment of taste. Lin Bu, a famous hermit in the Northern Song Dynasty, was born in a prosperous age, but he gained fame and fortune but was weak in power. He has never been an official in his life. He lived in seclusion in Gushan, West Lake, where plum blossoms abound. He did not marry a wife and have children, but took plums as his wives and cranes as his sons. His poem "Snow Plum No. 1" has already written about the clear shadow and charm of plum blossoms in a quiet environment. Two of the lines, "Thin shadows slanting in the clear water, dark fragrance floating in the dusk," have become the eternal swan song of Mei Mei.
The unyielding integrity is called "integrity", which is the firmness of moral will and the uprightness of spiritual quality. The famous poet Lu You of the Southern Song Dynasty persisted in resisting the Jin Dynasty throughout his life. Although he was suppressed by the capitulationists, his belief in regaining the Central Plains remained unchanged. Lu Aimei believes that the characteristics of plum blossoms are the best among flowers. In fact, it is the noble integrity of plum blossoms in the snow and the ideal he pursues throughout his life.
The first vitality that comes in spring is called "anger". This is the result of the old plums getting stronger as they get older, and also the result of the endless growth of new plums. Su Dongpo, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, was demoted to Huangzhou. On the way, he saw red plum blossoms blooming proudly on the hillside, and wrote the poem "Plum Blossoms Burning in the Thorns", praising the plum blossoms for their vigorous vitality and proud character, and encouraging himself to withstand the wind, frost and sharp swords and welcome the arrival of spring.
No wonder literati throughout the ages regarded plum blossoms as "friends".
In their view,