I spent half my life reading ink books and rubbing stone carvings into silk.
Ming Taizu didn't make a plan, but turned the four seas upside down.
Nine halls don't keep riding on the west, and ten thousand officials make a choice.
Fu Jun, the king of the country, is not interested in taking big things.
Fortunately, when things are difficult, the emperor will return to Beijing.
Whether the interior is open or not, Li is in command outside.
Nannei is miserable, and it is especially dangerous for General Gao to go.
I made two or three plans for the mausoleum, and I just worshipped Du Fu's poem.
An Zhi's loyal minister is painful to the bone, but in this world, I admire Joan's writing.
With six or seven generations of wild monks, there are also scribes to follow.
The cliff moss has been facing for a long time, and the rain is sad to wash away the past.
—— Huang Tingjian
The name of this poem. Song and Huang Tingjian succeeded. See the collected works of Mr. Huang. Worked in Chongning for three years (1 104). In the second year of Chongning, Huang Tingjian was demoted to Yizhou (now Yishan, Guangxi). In March of the following year, I passed through Qiyang (now Hunan), visited Wuxi with local monks and customs, and enjoyed the cliff stone carving Ode to Zhongxing. He wrote this poem at the request of everyone. This monument was written by Tang and Yan Zhenqing, commonly known as "Cliff Monument". The whole poem is divided into three layers, and the first four sentences are the introduction, which explains the origin of writing. Sixteen sentences in the middle discuss historical events and summarize the earth-shattering history of An Shi Rebellion in a vigorous and ups-and-downs style. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was unable to be prepared for danger in times of peace, be comfortable and enjoy himself, and love treacherous people, which led to the overthrow of the country and was later controlled by others, and he could only live a miserable life. The poet praised Yuan Jie's fu, such as the ancient history "Spring and Autumn Annals", which recorded historical events, with both praise and disparagement. Du Like's comments on Du Fu's poems all show the spirit of loyalty to the monarch and patriotism, but the world only appreciates the beauty of his words, which is really a big fallacy. The last four sentences are the end, which explains the identity of fellow travelers and expresses the deep and excited mood when watching the monument. "The cliff moss has been on for a long time, and the rain washes the past." It can be said to be extensive and profound. Liu Yuan declared that this poem was "profound and eloquent, rigorous and measured" (General Introduction to Seclusion). His praise of historical facts includes derogatory remarks, meaning to make the past serve the present. Its composition is closed from beginning to end, closely related to the discipline; Every four sentences in the middle have a level, which is rigorous and symmetrical, and is discussed in the narrative. Magnificent, elegant, high-pitched, rhyme to the end. There are ups and downs in the momentum, deeply rooted in the legacy of Du Fu's seven ancient times.
Only when a poet dares to write a big topic can he shoot a sculptor for the poetry circle. To write a big topic, you must have a big discussion and incisive opinions to be wonderful; At the same time, the unity of content and form can only be realized when we have the power to control language. This song "Behind the Cliff Monument is a Mill" shows high attainments in these two aspects.
Although the poem is an inscription on Zhongxing Fu with the theme of Yuan Festival, it involves the evaluation of the crimes of Xuanzong and Su Zong in Tang Dynasty, so it is also a historical theory. In the 14th year of Tianbao in Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (755), there was an Anshi Rebellion that shocked the ruling and opposition parties. In June of the following year, Xuanzong ran away hastily, and Ma Su mutiny occurred on the road. Soldiers killed Yang, forcing Ming Taizu (Xuanzong) to kill Yang Guifei, and staged an eternal tragedy of "flying moths until the horseshoe". In the meantime, please leave the prince to the thief. So Prince Hengli ruled the north (southwest of Ningxia Lingwu), and in July he set up Lingwu (central defender of Ningxia and its northern region) as Su Zong and respected Xuanzong as the emperor's father. In 757, An Lushan was killed by his son Qing Xu. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), Lushan killed Shi Siming, and in the second year of Shangyuan (76 1), Siming was killed by his son Chao Yi, and the rebellion basically subsided. In August this year, Jie Yuan wrote Ode to Datang, praising Su Zong's contribution to ZTE. The inscription was written by Yan Zhenqing, a great calligrapher at that time, and was carved on the stone cliff beside the Wuxi River in Qiyang County, Hunan Province.
This poem by Huang Tingjian was written in Chongning for three years (1 104). The year before last, he was exiled from Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei) to Yizhou (now Yishan, Guangxi) on the charge of "gloating over the country". In the spring of this year, he passed by Qixian County and rowed on the stream to watch Zhongxing Fu.
The first four sentences are the introduction of the whole poem. A "spring breeze blows the boat and touches the stream" falls from the sky, with a high tone, leading the whole song. In particular, the word "zhe" (the same as "zhe") makes people feel that the spring breeze is like a boat deliberately blowing a poet onto a stream. Facing the eternal mountains and rivers, the past is vivid, which leads to the following. Chenopodium is Chenopodium, and the poet sailed ashore and took his staff up the mountain to see the monument. The ups and downs of three or four sentences show the poet's yearning for this monument. Gu was 60 years old when he wrote this poem, so he only saw the rubbings of Ode to Zhongxing for half a century, and now it's time to touch the stone carvings with his own hands.
From the fifth sentence to "the words of appreciating Qiong in the world", it is all about the history of the Tang Dynasty. Four sentences spread out layer by layer. "Ming Di" four sentences, meaning that Tang Xuanzong had no foresight and was partial to An Lushan, which caused great disaster, so he made Gan Kun wander, the son of heaven ran away, and a hundred officials surrendered thieves. Jiumiao is the temple of the emperor's ancestors. "Lost nine halls" means the fall of the capital, and "Westbound" means Xuanzong went out of Sichuan. This is a taboo for distinguished people, so the emperor was replaced by "Yu Yu". Wu did not choose a tree to live in, which means that Chen Xilie and other ministers surrendered after the chaotic army captured two cities in Beijing. Here, the situation of Xuanzong's loss of morality, Anshi rebellion and the court's peril is outlined with an implicit pen. The following four sentences turn to the accusation against General Su.
"Supervising the country" means that the emperor goes out and the prince stays in charge of state affairs. In ancient times, the prince supervised the country, so Gu thought that Su Zong should attack the throne. He also thought that it was extremely difficult to quell the Anshi rebellion, and Su Zong's success was a blessing. And "Back to Beijing" is about the plight of Xuanzong after he lost power.
According to historical records, Xuanzong returned to Beijing from Shu, became the emperor's father, and lived in Xingqing Palace at first. Eunuch Li colluded with Empress Zhang to alienate him from Su Zong. In the first year of Shangyuan (760), the Shang emperor boarded the Changqing Building and chatted with the British princess. Just as Jiannan Guan was coming to pay his respects, Shang Emperor ordered the princess and Ruxianyuan to receive him. Later, Li lied that "there was a conspiracy in the south" and ordered the emperor to move westward. The British princess was placed under house arrest in Zhensi, and Gao Lishi, who was loyal to Xuanzong, was exiled to Wuzhou. The phrase "internal tension" refers to this matter. Poetic theory: Su Zong's color depends on the inside, and he is subject to Li's outside. "Nannei" refers to Xingqing Palace. When the emperor lived in Xingqing Palace, he felt miserable, almost just surviving. Exile in Gao Lishi, the emperor seclusion in the west, but also precarious. Gao Lishi used to be a general in the right prison, so he was called "General Gao", which was also the name given to Gao Lishi by court ministers at that time. Although it is a historical narrative, there are poets' praises and feelings in it. He hated Li and other treacherous villains, expressed sympathy and regret for Xuanzong, an emperor with a dim future, and also expressed resentment and sympathy for Su Zong's cowardice and incompetence.
Chen Jie's four sentences are translated into Yuan Jie's Ling Ling Xing and Du Fu's Poems to show political corruption at that time and lament Xuanzong's imprisonment. In the first year of Guangde (763), Jie Yuan was awarded the secretariat of Daozhou. Seeing the hardships of people's livelihood, he felt that he had been extorted by the levy. He wrote a poem "Journey to Grave Robbery" and pleaded for the people twice. It's only two years since Xuanzong was imprisoned in Shangyuan. Du Fu wrote the poem Du Fu because he realized the emperor's seclusion and expressed sympathy for Xuanzong's bleak evening scene. Therefore, Huang Tingjian believes that these two poems represent the views of loyal officials and scholars on politics at that time. However, people only appreciate them as wonderful poems, and do not study their true feelings.
The last four sentences belong to the poet's path. According to Huang's Chronicle of Mr. Valley, Tao Shu, Li Ge, Bo Xin monk, Tao Zun and others were in the same boat with the valley at that time. The next day, lay monk Jiang Danian, Shouneng monk, Zhiguan, Deqing and others came to travel together, so they wrote this poem, so they said, "Six or seven generations of wild monks came together, accompanied by scholars." The valley is full of streams and historical sites, and it is raining heavily. Faced with the record of the rise and fall of the former dynasty, the poet was so excited that he even endowed nature with strong feelings: the torrential rain in front of him seemed to wash away the grief and indignation of the former dynasty. The conclusion is that the fusion of scenery and emotion, the present and history has come to an abrupt end, but it is full of energy.
A striking feature of this poem is its rigorous composition and clear hierarchy. The valley attaches great importance to the layout of long poems. He said: "Every time you write an article, you must first have a general idea. A long poem must be full of twists and turns, and it can be a chapter." His long poems often have three parts: narration, writing and discussion. Taking this poem as an example, the first four sentences describe visiting the tablet to point out the topic; There is a long narrative and discussion in the middle, which is magnificent, open and close, ups and downs, twists and turns; The last four sentences describe the scene at that time, remember the companions who traveled together, and follow the rules of China's ancient travel notes. The conclusion contains feelings in the scenery and echoes the momentum, which really sums up what Du Fu said: "The articles are mixed and chaotic" ("Pengzhou History Cenchang Thirty Rhymes").
Another feature of this poem is its high tone. Poetry in the valley tries to avoid mediocrity. He not only strives to be strange and hard in his words and sentences, but also pursues extraordinary in his tone. This poem is an example. The whole rhyme is full of ups and downs, so Chen Shi said, "This syllable is very good." (The Essence of Song Poetry) This poem is characterized by high-spirited tone, wanton discussion and the integration of form and content. Such superb poetic skills are really perfect.