The culture of the Chinese nation has developed for thousands of years and reached its peak in the Zhao and Song Dynasties. After a gradual decline, it will eventually recover. the Chen Dynasty
Subject matter: secularization, politics and people's livelihood, sense of hardship, patriotic feelings
Aesthetic style: easy-going, simple and natural, rational and interesting.
Trend: social and political function, philosophical thinking, popularization and narration.
Stylistic functions: practical writing, poetic expression of ambition and lyrical entertainment.
Lean type
A group of poets who imitated Bai Juyi in the early Song Dynasty. Representative writers are Liu Yun, Xu Kai, Xu Xuan and Wang Yucheng. Their poems imitate the modern poems of Bai Yuan and Liu Yuxi and sing in harmony. The content is mostly a leisurely life of wandering around the world, and the style is simple and elegant. This group of poets write poems carelessly and naturally, and often talk eloquently and pursue lyrical truth, so their poems are relatively open, with the disadvantage of shallow meaning and light style.
Late Tang style
During the reign of Emperor Taizong, there were a group of so-called "Late Tang School" poets, mostly hermits or monks, represented by Kou Zhun and Nine Monks. This school followed the poetic style of Jia Dao Yao He, and lived a more secluded life. The poetic realm is narrow, preferring the five laws and emphasizing the two couplets in the middle, which can temper the necklaces and strive to be precise and moving, but it is too lacking in skill and even trivial. Refine sentences without refining meaning, and there are sentences without articles.
Xikunti
It was named after the Kunxi Appreciation Collection by the real dynasty Yang Yi. Because of myths and legends, there is a "bookstore" on the West Kunlun Mountain, which refers to the secret pavilion of the West Kun Dynasty. Representative figures are Yang Yi, Qian,. They advocated learning from Li Shangyin and tried to correct the weak and shallow habit of poetry. It is characterized by profound and rich meanings, gorgeous words and chapters, exquisite use of things and double kindness.
Liuqilang flavor
Dedicated to the love between men and women and the gentleness and charm of Luo Qi Xiangze.
long
Slow Ci is one of the main styles of Song Ci, and together with Xiao Ling, it has become the most commonly used melody style of Song Ci. The name comes from "slow tone" and is filled in according to the slow tone of the melody. One of its characteristics is that it is good at narration. Different from Xiao Ling, its rhythm is mainly based on rhyme, not sentences. The writer's own style. Empty talk.
Liu Yi Shen Feng
Narrative combination, pen (say), language relaxed and smooth, euphemism, many function words.
Wenfu
It not only retains the formal characteristics of Fu style, parallel prose and parallel prose, but also shows the tendency of lively and flowing prose, which once strengthened the lyrical meaning of Fu style. Such as Ode to Autumn Sound.
Universal body
That is, the Meiou style refers to its five ancient times. The main features are that the structure pays attention to circulation, the layout is reversed, the language is rich in change, the language is concise and vigorous, it does not avoid rhyme, it does not involve glitz, it is mixed with prose sentences, and it pays attention to the exercise and implied meaning of poetry.
Banshanzi
Wang's body. With Wang Anshi's withdrawal from the political arena in his later period, his mood gradually became dull, he lingered in the mountains and rivers, and studied Buddhism in Zen. His poetic style also tended to be subtle and profound, with lyric poetry as the main theme. More than seven words. These poems pay attention to the tempering of art, with meticulous description, clever rhetoric and lasting charm.
Sida
Su Shi's speech is divided into three stages: knowing at a glance, that is, fully infiltrating and grasping the human feelings and material state of the object, knowing well. The second mouth is clear, and the third hand is clear.
Four Sumerians (six gentlemen)
Northern Song Dynasty writers Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, Chao,. Su Shi is the leader who presided over the literary world in the Northern Song Dynasty after Ouyang Xiu. He enjoyed a high reputation among writers at that time. Many people made friends with him or accepted his guidance for a period of time. Huang, Qin, Chao and Zhang were all trained, rewarded and recommended by him.
Chen Shidao, Li Xian
Valley body
Huang Tingjian's poetry has its own system and distinctive style, which is called "Valley Style" or "Huang Tingjian Style". Its syntax is peculiar, its syllables are awkward, its imagination is extraordinary, and it has a sense of arrogance, which typically embodies the artistic characteristics of Song poetry, and sometimes it seems weird, blunt and unnatural.
Jiangxi poetry school
Its name was first put forward by Lu Benzhong. Poetry School is named after the region, so it is called Jiangxi School or Zhang Yu School. The poetry school was named Jiangxi because these writers are consistent or similar to Huang Tingjian in their creative attitudes and methods. The early representatives were Chen Shidao and so on. In the later period, there was an important poetic theorist Lv Benzhong. "Living method": get rid of the existing laws and get your own income. Chen.
Sheng Da poet
In Song Huizong, the Sheng Da Building was set up, and a group of people were appointed to judge the music. The representatives are Zhou Bangyan and Chao.
Ianti
In emotional expression, I am good at choosing the environment, actions and details of my daily life to express my inner world.
In terms of language expression, firstly, once refined and cast, both spoken and written language will be unique, exquisite, clear and natural; Second, he is good at accurately expressing complex and subtle psychological and changeable emotional processes with the most popular and concise life language.
Chengzhaiti
Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, was called Cheng Zhai. His poetic language is popular and lively, his conception is novel and strange, and his style is humorous, which is unique in the poetry circle of Song Dynasty. Its artistic characteristics are vivid, natural and humorous. Poets project their subjective feelings to objective things to the greatest extent. Imagination is strange, but it is not strange words or strange structures, but is close to spoken English with simple and clear language and smooth rules.
"Living method" is the basic spirit and feature of Chengzhai style;
1, the interest in writing humor permeates between the lines of the poem, but the sincere style has optimistic writing interest in the poem.
2. Do things in a natural and lively spoken language, thus forming a sincere, simple and easy-to-understand poetic style. In order to pursue the colloquialism of poetry language, a large number of folk sayings are deliberately used in poetry.
3. On the basis of careful observation of nature and society, Cheng Zhai is good at expressing the modality and fleeting scene characteristics of characters.
4. Because its content is mainly natural scenery, the works concerned with state affairs and society are not as good as those of Lu You and Fan Chengda.
New school poets
Taking Xin Ci as an example, consciously learning from Su Shi has a patriotic tendency. The expression of "taking the text as the word" is a creative style of speaking freely, being bold and unconstrained, and being wanton and rude. His political opinions, practical activities, personality and performance are all integrated into the creation of lyrics. It is related to Xin Qiji's great personality charm and artistic charm of lyrics. Representatives: Zhang Xiaoxiang, Luo Ting, Chen Liang, Liu Guo, Liu Kezhuang, Liu Chenweng.
Yongjiasiling
Zhao Xu, Ji Xu, Zhao Shixiu, Weng Juan. There is a spiritual word in every word or number. Ye Shi is called "Four Spirits". Both of them are from Yongjia.
Praise Jia Dao and Yao He. Pay attention to the rhythm of poetry, wild and thin poetic style. Give priority to the five laws, and describe the scenery of mountain villages around you to show lofty and refined.
Jianghu poetry school
Named after the Jianghu collection. From the first year of Baoqing, Song Lizong, Chen Qi, a bookseller in Hangzhou, printed the works of 109 poets at that time, collectively known as Jianghu Collection. Later generations called these poets Jianghu poets or Jianghu schools. Most Jianghu poets are micro-literati. Wandering the rivers and lakes, flaunting each other's celebrities. Wandering among the powerful, pursuing interests. More entertainment and chorus, rough poetry. Ye Shaoweng's Garden is well deserved.
all four yuan dynasty
Ma Zhiyuan, Zheng Guangzu, Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, Wang Shifu, Wang Zheng.
Ma, Zheng, Guan and Bai&; Guan, Zheng, Bai, Ma & Wang, Guan, Ma, Bai&Ma, Guan, Bai and Zheng.