The eighth grade lesson plan designs the article 1, a five-character ancient poem, which reveals the cruelty of feudal rulers through the story of arresting people at night by officials in the stone moat, reflects the profound disaster brought to the people by the war caused by the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, and expresses the poet's deep sympathy for the working people.
Teaching objectives:
1. Understand this article as a whole.
2. Expose the brutality of officials
3. sympathize with the people's suffering
Teaching emphases and difficulties:
Focus on the analysis of the function of the old woman's words in the expression center.
Teaching time:
One class hour
Teaching process:
I. Overview
Introduction of background information
2. Lead the students to translate the full text together, and pay attention to the explanation of key words. Garrison, garrison, garrison, etc. )
3. Analyze the center of the article
(1) Analysis of the first sentence of the article: "At dusk, officials arrested people at night." (Focus on analyzing words)
(2) Contrast and analyze the anger of officials.
The old lady cried very sadly.
(3) Dialogue exercise: complement the dialogue between officials and women, form a dialogue in a modern way, and deepen students' understanding of the text.
(4) The writing intention of the last paragraph (Question: What effect will it have if it is removed? )
Two. Detailed case
1. Introduction: Mr. Chen has explained Du Fu's two poems that describe scenery and express emotion. Everyone knows that Du Fu is known as a great realistic poet. Then the stone trench we are going to study today is Du Fu's deep sympathy for the people's suffering after the Anshi Rebellion. The text mainly tells the tragic story of sending people to arrest people at night, and even the aging old woman was taken to serve. Firstly, it introduces the writing background of this poem. It may be difficult for students to understand the artistic conception of ancient poetry, and ancient poets often write sentimental works. At this time, it is necessary to deeply understand the background information of the poet and understand the feelings and thoughts of the creator at that time. So Du Fu is a great realistic poet here, and his poems in the middle and late period reflect the reality at that time, so before learning this poem, I will introduce the writing background of this poem first. (You can ask: Did any students know the writing background during the preview? ) In the spring of 759, in the second year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong, 600,000 troops of nine armies, including Guo Ziyi, surrounded Anqingxu in Yecheng. Because of the disunity of command, they were defeated by reinforcements from Shi Siming. In order to supplement the troops, the Tang Dynasty forcibly arrested people from Luoyang West to Tongguan as soldiers, and the people were miserable. At this time, Du Fu is returning to Huazhou from Luoyang via Tongguan. From what I saw and heard along the way, I wrote "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". Li Shihao is one of the three officials. Students are required to record their literary knowledge: three officials: Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and three farewell: newly married, resigned and homeless.
This article is explained word by word (read together)
(1) Paragraph 1: Li Shihao (h m 4 o) Dusk: Evening. Beyond (yú) (different meanings in ancient and modern times): run. Ok: Let's go.
(2) The second paragraph: Shout: Shout loudly. Anger: intense. Cry: cry. Bitterness: pain.
(3) The third paragraph: Ye (yè) and Wu (Wü) are on the defensive, and pay attention to the differences.
Those who live to drag out an ignoble existence are long gone: those who live just drag out an ignoble existence, and those who die will be finished forever. Survivors, living people. For the time being. Yes, the verb stops ends here.
More, never again. Even if: even if. (Ancient Chinese explains the rules of lyrics, and some words can be combined to explain, for example, although here. ) decline: weakness, decline Prepare: prepare. Cooking: Cook with fire. (Refer to the notes in the text for some explanations)
(5) Paragraph 4: Crying: Sobbing and crying in a low voice. Deng Yan: Set foot on. The future: the way forward. (Note the difference with today's "future")
3. Analyze the center of the article
Just now, we all read this poem carefully together. Can some students tell us what the main point of this poem is? (Reference: The focus is on the old lady's speech to the officials, that is, the second and third paragraphs of this article), then we will grasp the focus and look forward.
(1) "At dusk, officials arrested people at night." Just explained to dusk, what does it mean to recall dusk? Good evening! In our opinion, it is normal to stay at night, but in ancient times, due to social disorder and desolate journey, passengers "stayed while there is still time", not to mention in this era of war and disaster! However, Du Fu hurried to spend the night in a small village in the big market. This unusual scene is very enlightening. Imagine n possibilities, ask questions and stimulate students' imagination.
Ask the author why he directly pointed out that officials arrested people instead of writing about conscription and soldiers. (Reference: True description means exposing criticism) The adverbial of time with a night word is more meaningful. First, it shows that officials often arrest people, and ordinary people hide or resist during the day and can't catch them; Second, it shows that the vicious means of arresting people by county officials came from a sudden attack in the dark night when people were already asleep.
This sentence tells the time and place of stay, tells the whole story, tells the panic, troubles and everything out of the normal atmosphere of the times, which lays the foundation for the old lady's speech later, and also explains the origin of the speech, which is the beginning of things.
(2) Contrastively analyze why officials are angry and why women cry.
These two sentences vividly describe the sharp contradiction between officials and women. A cry, a cry, an anger, a bitter, in sharp contrast; The two adverbials "Yihe" add emotional color, effectively rendering the outrageous momentum of the county official, and also brewing a sad atmosphere for the old woman's complaint below. Why do women cry? Why are officials angry? Listen to this lady's speech. It is a connecting link. The poet was listening, and the old woman answered the angry cry of the county magistrate with tears.
(3) Dialogue exercise: complement the dialogue between officials and women, form a dialogue in a modern way, and deepen students' understanding of the text.
The old woman went out to have a look, and the county magistrate jumped in. The thief looked everywhere, but he couldn't find anyone and closed his eyes. Then he shouted, "Where are your people? Hand it over! " The old woman sobbed and said, "All three sons are soldiers guarding Yecheng. One son just wrote that the other two sons are dead ... ". When crying, the county magistrate may not believe it, but he also expressed his trust in the county magistrate. In a word, the situation that "the living drag out an ignoble existence and the dead are long gone" is enough to make people sympathize, and she very much hopes to win the sympathy of the county magistrate and be lenient. Unexpectedly, the county magistrate was angry again: "Is there no one else in your family? Hand it over! " The old woman said, "There is no one at home!" "At this time, the grandson hiding somewhere in his daughter-in-law's arms was frightened by the roar and began to cry, which didn't help. So the county magistrate seized the handle and threatened: "How dare you lie! Isn't there a child crying? " The old lady had to say, "There is only one grandson! Still breastfeeding, very small! " "Who eats milk? There must be a mother! Don't hand her over! "What the old lady was worried about finally happened! She had to bite the bullet and explain: "The grandson did have a mother and her husband died in Yecheng. She didn't remarry because she had to breast-feed her children. Pity her clothes. How can she meet people? "Do me a favor!" But county officials still refused to stop. The old lady was afraid that her widowed daughter-in-law would be caught and her grandson would starve to death, so she had to come forward: "Although I am old and tired, please let me go back to the yamen with you overnight, so that I can be the leader of a gang in Heyang, and maybe I can make breakfast for the soldiers when I get there."
These two or three paragraphs are the focus of this article and the content of the old woman's speech, and the incident reached its climax here.
(4) The writing intention of the last paragraph (Question: What effect will it have if it is removed? )
The long night shows the long process of the old woman crying repeatedly and the county officials bullying in every way. On the one hand, the word "Ruwen" shows that the daughter-in-law was sobbing because her husband was killed and her mother-in-law was arrested, on the other hand, it also shows that the poet listened attentively and stayed up all night. Dawn came to the future and bid farewell to the old man alone. The whole collection contains infinite affection in the narrative. Imagine last night's complaint, the old man and the old woman greeted him, but after a night, the old woman was arrested and her daughter-in-law was sobbing, so she had to say goodbye to the old man who had escaped. What is the mood of the old man? How does a poet feel? It leaves readers with room for imagination. Take care of the beginning, involving all the characters, write the ending of the event and the author's feelings.
(5) Structure
The origin of the opening (1)
Development and climax (2-3) The content of the speech
End (4) the result of the speech
(6) Summarize the whole article (please describe Shihao officials in words, refer to: cruel, ruthless and outrageous)
This poem mainly criticizes officials like Shi Haoguan, and is merciless to the people. Such officials are like animals. He has no humanity at all. He has completely lost his nature. The poet's cruel and merciless attack on Shi Haoguan is not an exposure of the whole feudal rule, but it does inspire people to understand the class nature of feudal rule. This poem also expresses Du Fu's lofty feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Through the vivid description of officials arresting people at night, the whole poem exposes the brutality of officials and reflects the sufferings of the people.
The eighth grade "Shihaoguan" teaching plan design 21. Read the following words correctly.
Officer, commander, leaf, guard, swallow, yi, water spirit;
Second, the accumulation of literary common sense.
Classical poetry is a popular poetic style before the Six Dynasties, and it is an introverted poetic style that doesn't pay much attention to level and level. However, ancient poetry varies from time to time. Generally speaking, there are fewer restrictions on ancient poems before the Six Dynasties. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was indirectly influenced by modern poetry, which inevitably confused the levelness, antithesis and grammar of modern poetry. Ancient poetry, also known as ancient style, can be divided into seven types: 1. Four words, two. Five words, three. Seven words, four. Five or seven miscellaneous words 5. Sanqi miscellaneous words 6. Three, five, seven miscellaneous words 7. Miscellaneous words (please find one for each of the above seven systems after class).
"Three Officials" and "Three Points"
Third, read poetry quickly, explain bold words and understand poetry.
At dusk, officials arrested people at night. The old man climbed over the wall and left, while the old woman went out to watch.
Why are officials angry? Why do women cry? Before listening to his wife's speech: three men are guarding Yecheng.
One man attached a book, and two men died. Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead!
There is no one in the room, only a baby and a grandson. And grandma didn't go, and there was no skirt in and out.
Although the old woman is physically weak, please come back at night and be anxious to prepare for cooking in the morning.
The night is long and silent, like crying and choking. Dawn will rise into the future, leaving the old man alone.
Fourth, read poetry, think and discuss.
1. What kind of story does this poem tell?
2. How did the author express his thoughts and feelings through this story? (Please find out the language basis in the article to explain)
Five, read the poem, experience the artistic conception of adding words (expression effect)
1. Why not say "arresting people" instead of conscription?
2. "Why are you angry? Why do women cry! " How to write these two sentences, what's the function?
3. What is the artistic conception of the word "independence" in "Leaving the Old Man Alone"?
There are many meaningful words in this poem. Please give another example and make an analysis.
Sixth, experience reflection:
1. Some people think that the old woman's words were not uttered in one breath, but were forced out by officials step by step. Try to imagine a conversation between an official and a woman.
If you are there, what do you want to say to the police officer most? What do you want to say to the old woman's family?
Seven. homework
1. Read the other five articles of Du Fu's Three Officials and Three Farewells, trying to understand the author's thoughts and feelings.
2. Rewrite the stone trencher into a script.
[Hint] Shi Haoguan and the old woman are the main characters in the poem, so they should be good at using imagination to describe their actions, language and demeanor.
The eighth grade "Li Shihao" lesson plan design Chapter III learning objectives:
1. Accumulate some words in classical Chinese, read poems and recite them.
2. Understand the content and theme of poetry.
3. Understand the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in the poem.
4. Understand the changes of Du Fu's poetic style through comparison.
Teaching emphasis: understanding the content and theme of poetry.
Teaching difficulties: through comparison, we can understand the changes of Du Fu's poetry style.
Teaching process:
First, import
Go straight to the new lesson. (blackboard writing topic)
Second, overall perception.
1, reading.
Reading requirements: read the pronunciation correctly; Reading rhythm; Read the feeling.
(Hints are ancient poems, so pay attention to pause, rhythm and intonation. )
(1) Students can read freely. (in your own way)
(2) Listen and read the text recording.
(3) Choose a student to read, and teachers and students will comment.
(4) The whole class reads together.
2. Perceive poetry.
Methods: From the literal meaning to the understanding of poetry thoughts and feelings.
(1), explain the meaning. (Students answer first)
Actor: staying overnight: crossing a what: how to attach a book: sending back information
New: recent defense: defense has: it is better to stop: it is still possible.
Absolute: no pain: describes a low, intermittent crying.
(2) Students question the meaning of words, phrases and sentences.
(3) Understand the meaning of the text.
Show pictures and discuss.
1. What does this poem say? You tell everyone.
2. What characters did you write? What do you think of these people? Think about it: what is the purpose of the author's writing like this?
Third, question
1. The freedom of students is questioned. (Starting from the plot of the poem)
2. Teachers guide questions to deepen the understanding of poetry thoughts and feelings.
The poet sympathized with the old woman's experience, but he didn't say a word or comfort the old man when he left. How do you understand the poet's silence?
2. Stone moat officials don't catch young "grannies" but take away "frail" old women. What are the reasons?
3. Why didn't Shi Hao arrest Du Fu?
Fourth, explore
1. I have experienced it personally. What do you think of his mood? What tones should we read?
2. Students read together.
What do you think is the writing feature of this poem? (From the content, conception and language.
Speech analysis)
(1) vivid plot
② Ingenious conception
③ language refinement
4. Compare the poem "Looking at Yue". (Comparison of content, concept and language)
Compared with the previous "Looking at Yue", this poem is completely different in style. Think about it: an author wrote two works with completely different styles. Why?
① Pictures: Two pictures of the Tang Dynasty.
② Induction: Literary works are the reflection of social life, and life is the source of literary creation. Our writing materials should come from life and be conscientious people in life.
show
source
Writing on the blackboard: literary life
③ Du Fu's poems reflect life and expose social reality, so they are called "the history of poetry". Reading Du Fu's poems can help us understand the social reality at that time.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) abstract
What did you learn in this class?
1, the content and theme of Shi Hao Guan's poem
2. Understand the different styles of Du Fu's poems.
We should know that literary works are the reflection of social life, and life is the source of literary creation.
Sixth, homework
1. Read Du Fu's poems to further understand the content and style of his poems.
2. Recite this poem.
The eighth grade "Li Shihao" teaching plan design Chapter IV teaching objectives.
1, understand the writing background of Shihao Guan.
2. Grasp the ideological content and author's emotion of The Trencher by reading aloud.
3. Perceive the text as a whole and understand the characteristics of Du Fu's poetic history.
4. Cultivate students' humanistic quality of paying attention to reality and people's livelihood.
Teaching focus
Focus on the analysis of the function of the old woman's words in the expression center.
Preparation before class
Pictures about the war and information about Shihao officials.
Teaching time
One class hour
Teaching process:
First, create situations and introduce new lessons:
Multimedia display of war pictures, Q: What will war bring?
(Introduce today's ancient poetry through this question-"Shihao Guan")
Second, read the text, preliminary perception:
1, free reading. Let the students try to circle the difficult words.
Pay attention to keywords:
Climb over the wall: climb over the wall to escape. What: How?
Defense: defense attached to: call back.
New: Recently:No..
Sorrow: Cry vaguely and softly. Jude: Not bad.
2. Set the tone for reading the article: What story did you write? What is the tone of reading aloud?
Qing: (sad and depressed)
3. Put your feelings into rereading the text.
Design intention: I feel that the study of poetry must start from reading aloud. Good reading is the key to entering the "mood", and only after entering the "mood" can we better understand the work. Therefore, this link is an indispensable part of this class, an important foreshadowing to stimulate students' interest, and the next teaching link.
Third, study the text and make clear the theme.
1. Thinking: What are the two words around this paper?
Clear: arrest people
2. Why arrest people? Catch who? What kind of person is the old woman (how is it described in the article)?
Clear: fight to catch people; Catch mature men; "The old woman is very weak" (see photo)
Why don't you let such a frail old lady go? (Multimedia Presentation Writing Background)
Clarity: After understanding the background, Du Fu mainly introduced what he saw and heard on the way, and wrote three officials and three parting. Li Shihao is one of the three officials. (Students are required to review their literary knowledge: three officials: Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official, Tongguan official, and three farewell: newly married, resigned and homeless), and then introduce why Du Fu's poems are called "the history of poetry" in combination with the background at that time.
4. Main content analysis
"Twilight throws stones at the village, and collectors catch people at night. The old man went over the wall and the old woman went out to see it. "
(1) What does the first paragraph say?
Clarity: the beginning of time, place, person and event.
(2) Discussion: A. Why do officials arrest people at night?
It shows that the county magistrate is vicious in arresting people and has a sudden attack in the dark night when people have fallen asleep.
B, use an idiom to describe the flavor of the times.
The war is raging and the chickens and dogs are restless.
Summarize; A passage laid the groundwork for the old woman's speech later, and also explained the origin of the speech, which was the beginning of the development of things.
(3) A comparative analysis of why officials are angry and why women cry.
These two sentences vividly wrote the sharp contradiction between officials and women. A cry, a cry, an anger, a bitter, in sharp contrast; Two "ho" more effectively rendered the outrageous momentum of the county official, and brewed a sad atmosphere for the old lady's next complaint. Why do women cry? Why are officials angry? Listen to this lady's speech. It is a connecting link. The poet was listening, and the old woman answered the angry cry of the county magistrate with tears.
Design intention: This part is the beginning of the whole poem. Let me introduce the author's writing background and design some simple questions here, so that students can accurately grasp the atmosphere of the times at that time and initially feel why officials are angry and women cry.
Fourth, improvise and understand deeply.
(1), the dialogue between officials and women is stated in a modern way (intended to deepen students' understanding of the text)
(2) Let students improvise and try to figure out the characters. (intended to deepen students' understanding of the text)
Conclusion: These two or three paragraphs are the focus of this article and the content of the old woman's speech, and the incident reached its climax here.
(3) The writing intention of the last paragraph (Question: What effect will it have if it is removed? )
The long night shows that the old woman has been crying for a long time, which shows that the county magistrate is fierce. On the one hand, the word "smell" shows the bitterness and despair of the old woman's family, on the other hand, it also shows that the poet listens with concern and stays up all night. Dawn came to the future and bid farewell to the old man alone. The whole collection contains infinite affection in the narrative. What will happen to this family after the old woman is taken away? It leaves readers with room for imagination. Is the end of the event.
(4) Summative discussion:
First, the image of collectors and old women.
Qing dynasty: official (overbearing and fierce) wife (sad and sad)
B, article structure
Clarity: the source of the speech at the beginning (1)
Development and climax (2-3) The content of the speech
End (4) the result of the speech
Design Intention: In this part, I think the dialogue between the old woman and the official is the focus of this class, so I designed two interesting student display sessions, with the aim of simplifying the complex in the interaction and presenting the images of the two intuitively. The last part, through my inspiring emotional guidance, cultivate students' humanistic quality of paying attention to reality and people's livelihood.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) abstract
Through this poem "History of Poetry", we can imagine the life of the old woman after being taken away by the army, and then try to think about what this lonely old man will look like. Will they meet again? Therefore, it is not easy for us to live a happy life now. I hope everyone will cherish it.
Sixth, homework
1, recite.
2. Keep writing.
The eighth grade "Shihao officials" lesson plan design Chapter 5 I Introduction (review and introduction)
1. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, there were two famous poets in China. One of them is called "Shi Xian" and the other is called "Shi Sheng". they are
2. Most of Du Fu's poems truly represent real life, and later generations call his poems "the history of poetry". In particular, his personal experience of three officials and three parting during the "An Shi Rebellion" truly reflected the tragic life brought by the war. Today, we are going to learn one of them, the rock digger.
Second, the overall perception of the text
1, read the text by yourself, requiring accurate pronunciation and good rhythm.
2. Read the text together and find your own sense of language.
3. Read the text by yourself with the notes under the book, and make clear the meaning of the text.
Third, ask questions and discuss.
1. From the content, this is a narrative poem. What is the time, place and event? Who is the protagonist?
2. It's obviously the imperial court conscription. Why not say "conscription" or "conscription" but "arresting people"? What does this mean?
How do you feel about "conscripts", "petty officials" and "old women"?
4. Who was listening to the lady's speech before? How many layers can an "old woman" speak? Did the old woman say the contents of the speech in one breath?
5. What does the last paragraph of the story imply? What do you think of being alone with the old man?
Fourth, performance.
Please make the story into a short play and act it out according to the analysis of the text. Finally, make a brief summary of the full text.
Li Shihao
At dusk, in Shihao Village, officials arrested people at night.
Lihunu
Women-crying-pain
Speech-Officials Return at Night-Alone with Old People