Appreciate poetry with the method of "opposing one's will with one's will, knowing others and discussing the world"
Emotional attitude
And values
Cultivate students' ability of independent appreciation, so that they can interpret poetry in a diversified and creative way.
training/teaching aid
Multimedia courseware blackboard
Teaching focus
1, understand the specific meaning and appreciation method of "knowing people and being good at their duties, and acting against their will".
2. Appreciate simple poems with the method of "opposing one's will with one's will";
Teaching difficulties
Cultivate students' ability of independent appreciation, so that they can interpret poetry in a diversified and creative way.
Arrange three class hours.
Teaching steps and key points:
First, import:
China has always had the reputation of "Poetic Country". Poetry is the mainstream of China culture, the treasure of the Chinese nation and the pride of China people. For thousands of years, China people have been singing and singing poems, which has established the status of China culture and influenced China people from generation to generation. Confucius said, "If you don't learn poetry, you have nothing to say." Liang Wudi said: "If you don't recite Hyun Hui's poems for three days, you will have bad breath." The sages all emphasized the importance of learning poetry, but how to learn poetry thoroughly is a problem worthy of our consideration. Today, we will take a big test on the second page of the textbook and see some opinions of Mencius about learning poetry more than two thousand years ago.
Second, look at the text and draw the key points.
Third, understand the meaning of "against one's will"
1, a clear definition, a preliminary understanding of the will against the will.
-from the whole work, understand the main idea of the poem from the surface to the inside, from the superficial to the deep, and guess the author's original intention in combination with his own personal experience. (use, use; Meaning, their own personal experience; Reverse, speculation; Pool, the original intention of the author to write poetry)
That is to say, when we appreciate poetry, we often combine our own life experience, that is, treat ourselves as poets, and then "compare our hearts" to understand and speculate the poet's feelings in poetry, so as to understand the content and theme of poetry. This is what we call the poetry appreciation method of "opposing the will with the will".
Step 2 feel against one's will
A few negative poems are used to illustrate the poetry appreciation method of "opposing one's will with one's will"
(1) "How does the water of the Yellow River move the sky?" Is Li Bai talking nonsense?
-there is no "violation" and I don't understand the purpose of the poet's creation and the characteristics of expression. Because the poet looks up at the upper reaches of the Yellow River, sees the majestic momentum of water and sky, and writes his true inner feelings and experiences, which is also in line with the feelings of ordinary people. Its intention is not to explain where the real source of the Yellow River is.
(2) In Du Fu's poem "The wine and meat in Zhumen stink", some people questioned that "meat can stink, but how can wine stink". What do you think is his mistake?
-There is no such thing as "opposing will with will", but words are dead and words hurt words. "Wine and meat" refers to the luxurious life of the rich in Zhumen, which cannot be forcibly understood.
(3) In Du Mu's poem Bo Qinhuai, "The merchant girl doesn't know the national subjugation and hate, but she still sings backyard flowers across the river." Some people say that the author is asking for "business women". what do you reckon ?
Wrong! Read it literally, so misinterpret it If you understand it by the method of "opposing your will with your will", you will come to a correct conclusion. The criticism of the work is by no means a business woman, but a condemnation of those powerful people who want to sing, laugh and have fun in restaurants. In fact, this is the history that the author (Chen) finally perished because of his pursuit of debauchery and pleasure, which satirizes that the rulers in the late Tang Dynasty did not learn lessons and shows the author's incomparable concern and deep concern for the fate of the country.
3. Explain "meaning against meaning" in combination with poetry.
(1) Accurately understand the specific meaning of words to judge the poet's feelings.
Liangzhou song
Don Wang Zhihuan
The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain.
Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!
This poem describes the magnificent desolate scene of Liangzhou in frontier fortress. The Yellow River flowing far away seems to be connected with white clouds, and Yumenguan stands alone in the mountains, looking lonely and cold. Why use Qiangdi to play sad willow songs and complain that spring is late? It turns out that the spring breeze around Yumenguan can't blow! Express the homesickness of border guards.
(2) The role of subjective feelings and life experiences in understanding poetry.
Travel in the mountains
Du Mu
In the distance, there are cold mountains, oblique stone paths and people in the depths of white clouds.
Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February flowers.
Stroll through the mountains and watch the scenery leisurely.
The distance of the road, the cold climate, the dangers of mountain roads and the bright night sky highlight the beauty of the maple leaf and love it deeply.
(3) overall grasp, from the outside to the inside, from the shallow to the deep.
Fengle Pavilion has spring.
Ouyang Xiu
Mangroves and green hills are dying, and grass in the long suburbs is endless.
Tourists, no matter how old they are, will walk in front of the stadium in spring.
This poem expresses the author's love for life and his love for life.
Summary: To interpret poetry with the method of "opposing one's will with one's will", we should know more about the common sense of ancient literature and master the specific meanings of some common images. Only in this way can we accurately interpret the content and theme of poetry.
Second, understand "knowing people and discussing the world"
1, clearly defined
-"On Knowing People" is to understand someone's works, to understand this person, to study his times, that is, to understand the works in combination with the writer's thoughts and background of the times. It provides rich background materials for literary reading and appreciation, which is undoubtedly of great help to understand the original text.
2. Why meet people and discuss the world?
-Wang Guowei said: "Therefore, people are known to the world, and people are against their will, so there are very few ancient poems." The purpose is to grasp the background of creation more accurately, so as to understand the connotation and theme of the work more accurately.
3. How to meet people and discuss the world?
-Learn as much as possible about the author, his background and creation. However, we should not exaggerate the role of "knowing people and discussing the world" and ignore the exploration of the original text, otherwise it will inevitably lead to new misinterpretation.
4. How can we appreciate poetry with the appreciation method of "knowing people and discussing things"? What did the text say?
A, try to make full use of the existing historical biography materials and comments of future generations, and fully grasp the author's mental journey and spiritual world. (Hint: The so-called mental journey and spiritual world mainly refer to the author's life experience, pursuit, ideal, personality and quality. )
For example:
Du Fu is a poet who cares about the country and the people, takes the world as his responsibility and is ambitious. Du Fu wanted to be a prime minister, but he never got a chance because of his political ambition of "making the emperor as wise as Yao Shun and making the customs more pure". The lofty ideal and deep-rooted value orientation will be lost helplessly. Lao Du has never achieved anything in politics, but even so, he is still worried about the country and the people, and his heart is very painful. This kind of pain is an eternal wound in Lao Du's heart. For this reason, we can say that the poem "Die before conquering, and the hero will shed tears on his long clothes" is a famous sentence cast by Lao Du with deep-rooted admiration and regret for Zhuge Liang. More than forty years later, Wang Zeng, the leader of the reformists in the middle Tang Dynasty, recited these two poems to express his feelings when the "Yongzhen Innovation" failed; Hundreds of years later, Zong Ze, a famous anti-gold star in the Southern Song Dynasty, fell ill because of state anxiety. On his deathbed, he recited these two poems, called "crossing the river" three times, and died. All these indicate the success and charm of Du Fu's poems. )
With this in mind, what deeper experience will we have when we read Du Fu's Ode to Zhaojun?
Zhao yongjun
Thousands of mountains and valleys are close to Jingmen, and girls grow up in Sri Lanka.
She came out of the purple palace and entered the desert. Now she has become a green grave in the yellow dusk.
Her face! Can you imagine the spring wind? Back to the soul in the moonlight.
The Tatar song on her jade guitar tells her eternal sadness.
-Why did Du Fu deeply lament Wang Zhaojun? Wang Zhaojun's story is very touching. She prided herself on her beauty, refused to bribe the painter, and finally married the Huns and was buried in the world, which was sad. There are many songs about Wang Zhaojun in the past dynasties. Even a "tough guy" in Anshi, Rainbow in the Northern Song Dynasty wrote Fei Ming Qu, which made many comments on Zhao Zhaojun's departure from the fortress and gave him deep sympathy. This is because a beautiful woman is left out when she enters the palace, just as a man is frustrated when he enters the DPRK with talent. This is a sad thing. Du Fu's eulogy to Wang Zhaojun was just a way of pouring a brick into his chest.
Writing on the blackboard: different poets have different poetic styles;
B, it is also important to find out the specific time of creation.
Based on the poetic theory of "knowing people and discussing the world", this paper infers the theme of Li Bai's "building Baidi City early". Students discuss and analyze, and teachers comment in time. )
Baidi City was released in advance.
Early in the morning, I bid farewell to Jiangling city, which is high into the sky, thousands of miles away, and the boat is only one day away.
The cries of apes on both sides of the strait are still unconsciously crowing in their ears, and the canoe has passed the heavy green hills.
The meaning of this poem is simple, but how does it express the author's feelings? There are three kinds of statements below. Please decide which is right.
A. Li Bai wrote it when he left Sichuan, and his lofty aspirations when he left Sichuan in his early years.
B, this poem was written after Li Bai's exile in Yelang Road met with forgiveness. We can judge that this poem reflects his joy of regaining his freedom.
C, the great ambition to travel.
-Qing Dynasty: In the winter of the 14th year of Tianbao (AD 755), An Lushan rebelled. At this time, he lived in seclusion in Lushan Mountain, which coincided with the great army of Wang Yong, and invited Li Bai down the mountain to enter the shogunate. In the spring of 759, in the second year of Tang Suzong, Li Bai exiled Yelang because of the Yong case and went into exile in Sichuan. When I went to Baidicheng, I suddenly heard the forgiveness, which was a pleasant surprise. I immediately put the boat down to Jiangling, so the title of the poem is "Down to Jiangling". This poem expresses the happy and carefree mood at that time.
This makes students understand that different situations have different poetries.
Further guidance: Are there any other factors that affect the emotion and style of poetry?
C, in addition, poetry can reflect the ethos and spirit of a specific era. Only by fully understanding the author's politics, economy, culture, thoughts, religion and customs can we truly understand the content of the work and the depth and breadth of the reality reflected by the work. As farewell poems, there were many sadness of parting at the end of Han Dynasty, while in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the overall tone was optimistic. -Different times, different spirits.
Third, summary:
When we appreciate and chant the poems of the ancients, we should deeply explore their lives and personalities, fully understand their environment and times, and become good friends with the authors. This is that "knowing people and discussing the world" is an appreciation method.
When we appreciate poetry, we must pay attention to: 1, different poets have different poetic styles; 2, different circumstances, different poetic feelings (the poet's life thoughts are not static, and works written in different periods and places will also show different emotional tone and theme. ) 3. Different times have different spirits.
Blackboard writing:
Know the world against one's will
1, accurately understand the specific meaning of words to judge the poet's feelings.
2. The role of subjective feelings and life experiences in understanding poetry.
3, the overall grasp, from the surface to the inside, from the shallow to the deep.
1. Different poets have different poetic styles;
2. Different situations have different poetries.
3. Different times have different spirits.