1. Extracurricular classical Chinese reading and answers, Pound Zi Ling Ming
Pound Zi Ling Ming, a Taoist from Nan'an.
He was a minor official in the county, and he was given the title of Marquis of Guannei to four other people including Zihui, each with a hundred households in the city. Hui Yonglie has a paternal style, and his official rank is lieutenant general, and he is granted the title of marquis.
Annotation: Pound's biography Pound's courtesy name was Lingming, and he was a native of Naodao, Nan'an County. When he was young, he served as a county official and a state official.
During the Chuping period, he followed Ma Teng to attack the rebellious Qiang and Di people. He made many meritorious deeds and was gradually promoted to the rank of captain. During the Jian'an period, Cao Cao conquered Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang in Liyang.
Yuan Tan sent Guo Yuan, Gao Gan and others to plunder Hedong County. Cao Cao ordered Zhong Yao to lead the generals in Guanzhong to attack them. Pang De followed Ma Teng's son Ma Chao to resist Guo Yuan and Gao Gan in Pingyang. Pang De served as the vanguard and attacked Guo Yuan and Gao Gan. They won a great victory and killed Guo Yuan himself.
He was appointed as Zhonglang General and made the capital Tinghou. Later, Zhang Baiqi rebelled in Hongnong County, and Pang De once again accompanied Ma Teng to conquer the enemy, defeating the enemy between the two mountains.
Every time he went into battle, Pang De always captured the enemy's formation and drove them back. He was the most courageous among Ma Teng's troops. Later, Ma Teng served as a guard, and Pang De remained under Ma Chao.
Cao Cao defeated Ma Chao in Weinan, and Pang De fled with Ma Chao into Hanyang County and defended Jicheng. Later, he ran to Hanzhong with Ma Chao and defected to Zhang Lu.
Cao Cao pacified Hanzhong, and Pang De surrendered with his troops. Cao Cao had long heard about Pang De's bravery and appointed him as General Liyi. He was granted the title of Marquis of Guanmenting Pavilion and was given the title of 300 households.
Hou Yin, Wei Kai and others occupied Wancheng and rebelled. Pang De led his men and Cao Ren to capture Wancheng, killed Hou Yin and Wei Kai, and then stationed south in Fancheng to attack Guan Yu. The generals in Fancheng were suspicious of Pang De because his brother was in the Shu army in Hanzhong.
Pang De often said: "I have been favored by the country and will die for the country. I will attack Guan Yu personally. If I don't kill Guan Yu from now on, Guan Yu should kill me."
< p> Later he personally fought with Guan Yu and shot Guan Yu in the forehead. At that time, Pang De always rode a white horse. Guan Yu's soldiers called him General White Horse and were all afraid of him.Cao Ren asked Pang De to camp ten miles north of Fancheng. It rained heavily for more than ten days and the Han River overflowed. The water in the plains of Fancheng was five to six feet deep. Pang De and his generals went up the embankment to hide from the water. Guan Yu Attack by boat, surround them on all sides and shoot at the embankment with bows and arrows. Pang De was wearing armor and holding a bow, and his arrows were all fired.
General Dong Heng, subordinate general Dong Chao and others wanted to surrender, but Pang De executed them all. The battle lasted from early morning to past noon. Guan Yu attacked more urgently. When he ran out of arrows, he got close to fighting hand to hand.
Pang De said to the governor Cheng He: "I heard that a good general is not afraid of death and does not live an ignoble life, and a martyr does not sacrifice his life to survive. Today is the day I die."
He went into battle angrier and more courageous, but the situation became too strong and the soldiers all surrendered. Pang De and his subordinates, a general and two captains, bent their bows and set arrows, and took a small boat to return to Cao Ren's camp.
Because the boat capsized and his bow and arrows were lost, Pound held the boat and sank into the water alone, and was captured by Guan Yu. Pound stood without kneeling. Guan Yu said to him: "Your brother is in Hanzhong. I want to use you as a general. Why didn't you surrender early?" Pang De scolded Guan Yu and said, "You kid, what do you mean by surrender? The king of Wei led hundreds of powerful troops. Wan, the world is powerful.
Your Liu Bei is just a mediocre person, how can he be an enemy of the King of Wei! I would rather be a ghost of the country than a traitor general." So he was killed by Guan Yu.
Cao Cao was very sad after hearing about his death. He shed tears for his death and named his two sons as princes. Cao Pi ascended the throne and sent an envoy to Pang De's mausoleum to deliver his posthumous title.
The edict said: "In the past, Xian Zhen sacrificed his life for the country, and Wang Chu died on a hunger strike and died as a martyrdom. People of previous generations praised them. Pang De was brave and resolute, and went into danger to make a name for himself. People praised him at that time. , His righteousness was very noble at that time, so people remembered him and gave him the posthumous title of Zhuanghou."
He also gave his son Pang Hui and four others the title of Guanneihou, each with a hundred cities. household. Pang Hui was brave and strong in the style of his father. He rose to the rank of lieutenant general and was granted the title of lord. 2. Reading in classical Chinese: Cao Cao’s son Chong Zaohui
(1) ① Being bitten by a rat means: ② The treasurer gnawed the saddle and heard about it: report (2) The son’s clothes were on the side and he was still bitten. What happened? Anxian County Zhuhu? My son's clothes were bitten, let alone a saddle? ” (3) Answer: Help others, be witty and intelligent, considerate and care for subordinates. The criminal law was harsh, and the saddle in Cao Cao's library was eaten by rats.
The guard was afraid of death and wanted to tie himself up to apologize in front of him, but he was also afraid that he would not be pardoned. Cao Chong said to him, "Wait three days later. Then it will be fine." So Cao Chong stabbed his clothes with a knife, as if they were eaten by rats. Pretending to be very worried, Cao Cao asked, and Cao Chong replied: "People say that if rats eat clothes, the owner will be unlucky. Now the clothes are unlucky. I was bitten, so I am very worried." Cao Cao said, "This is nonsense, don't worry." After a while, the guard apologized, and Taizu smiled and said, "My son's clothes were bitten, let alone a saddle." "Don't ask about this matter anymore.
3. Classical Chinese reading of Cao Cao’s son Chong Zaohui
(1) ① Rat bite: ② Treasury official gnawed An An Wen: report (2) The side of his son’s clothes was still bitten, and his son was translated by Zhu Hu of An County The clothes were bitten, not to mention the saddle (3) Answer: He was helpful, witty, intelligent, considerate and caring for his subordinates. Example: Kong Rong asked the pear king Rong Ji Li Sima Guang to smash the vat. Translation: Cao Cao’s son Cao Chong was smart as a young man. Military affairs were busy at that time. Criminal Law Severe Cao Cao's horse saddle was eaten by rats. The guard was afraid of death and wanted to tie him up to apologize in front of him. But he was also afraid of being pardoned. Cao Chong said that he would be fine after three days. So Cao Chong stabbed his own clothes with a knife as if they were eaten by rats. He pretended to be very worried. Cao Cao asked Cao Chong. He replied: People say that mice have eaten the clothes. The owner Ji Li found that the clothes were bitten and he was worried. Cao Cao said nonsense and would be worried that the guards would apologize. Taizu smiled and said: My son's clothes were bitten, not to mention the saddle. Let's ask about the matter again. 4. Full text translation of "Dan Ge Xing" (Cao Cao)
What is life like when drinking and singing? Like morning dew, it will be more painful every day when it goes away.
Generosity should be treated with generosity, and worries will be unforgettable. The only way to relieve worries is Du Kang.
Green Zi Jin, my heart is leisurely. But for your sake, I still ponder it.
The deer roars, eating apples in the wild. I have guests who play the harp and sheng.
It’s as bright as the moon, when can you shake it off? Worry comes from it and cannot be cut off.
The more unfamiliar you are, the more you cross the border, the more you cross the border, the more useless you will be. We chatted and had a banquet, thinking about old kindness.
The moon and stars are sparse, and the black magpie flies south. Three twists and turns around the tree, where is the branch to lean on? The mountains never get too high and the sea never gets too deep.
When Duke Zhou spits out food, the world returns to its heart. Brief Comment: "Dan Ge Xing" is an old title of Han Yuefu and belongs to "Xianghe Ge·Ping Diaoqu".
This means that it was originally the name of a piece of music. Of course, I don’t know how to sing this kind of music now. However, in Yuefu's "Xianghege Pingdiaoqu", in addition to "Duan Ge Xing", there is also "Long Ge Xing". Wu Jing of the Tang Dynasty's "Explanation of Ancient Yuefu Inscriptions" quoted the ancient poem "Long Songs are Fierce", and Wei Wendi Cao Pi's "Yan Ge" "Singing a short song cannot be long" and "Yan Ge Xing" written by Fu Xuan of the Jin Dynasty, "A long song continues a short song" and other sentences. It is believed that "long songs" and "short songs" refer to "songs have different lengths".
We can only understand the musical characteristics of "Dan Ge Xing" based on this little information. The music "Dan Ge Xing" originally had corresponding lyrics, which were "ancient Yuefu poems", but this ancient poem has been lost.
The earliest "Dan Ge Xing" that can be seen now is Cao Cao's "Dan Ge Xing" written by Cao Cao. The so-called "imitation of Yuefu" is to use old Yuefu songs to supplement new lyrics. Cao Cao's "Dan Ge Xing" has two songs handed down from generation to generation, and the one I want to introduce here is the first one.
The theme of this song "Dan Ge Xing" is very clear, that is, the author hopes to have a large number of talents for his own use. In his political activities, in order to expand the basis of his rule among the common landowners and combat the reactionary hereditary powerful forces, Cao Cao strongly emphasized the "evaluation of talents only". "Shi Ling", "Qiu Yi Cai Ling", etc.; and "Dan Ge Xing" is actually a "Song of Seeking Virtue", and because it uses the form of poetry and contains rich lyrical elements, it can play a unique role The contagious effect effectively propagated the ideas he insisted on and coordinated with the decrees he issued.
"Dan Ge Xing" originally had "six interpretations" (i.e. six sections). We now read it in four sections according to the poetic meaning. Drinking and singing, how is life? Like morning dew, it will be more painful every day when it goes away.
Generosity should be treated with generosity, and meditation should be unforgettable. The only way to relieve worries is Du Kang.
In these eight sentences, the author emphasizes that he is very worried and extremely worried. So what are you worried about? It turned out that he was suffering from the inability to find many "talented people" to cooperate with him and seize the time to make achievements together.
Just imagine how powerful a propaganda effect it would be if a person as high and powerful as Cao Cao actually worried about "seeking talents". If there are really "virtuous people" among the common landowners, you can't help but be deeply moved and inspired by these words.
They were struggling to find a way out, but they did not expect that Cao Cao was thirsty for talents. Therefore, many people who are truly talented or think they are talented are very likely to be eager to give him a try. "Return to the heart". The eight lines of "Singing to Drinking Wine" may at first glance resemble the negative tone in "Nineteen Ancient Poems", but in fact they are quite different.
The "geometry of life" here is not to ask people to "enjoy themselves in time", but to make achievements in a timely manner. On the surface, it seems that Cao Cao was expressing his personal feelings and worried that time passed too quickly and he might not have enough time to make a difference.
In fact, it is subtly infecting the vast number of "virtuous people", reminding them that life is as easy to disappear as "morning dew", and many years have passed, so they should make up their minds quickly and come to me to express their ambitions. . Therefore, once analyzed, it is not difficult to see that the rich lyrical atmosphere in the poem contains a very strong political purpose.
Deliberately starting with such a positive purpose in a low tone certainly shows that Cao Cao really has his worries, so he speaks truthfully; but on the other hand, it is also because such a tone can open up the world more. The heart of those who are at the bottom, have gone through many hardships, and are eager to find a way out. Therefore, the intention and wording are both true and clever.
In these eight lines of poetry, the main emotional feature is the word "sorrow", which is so "sorrowful" that it needs to be relieved with wine ("Dukang" is said to be the first person to make wine, so his word is used here. The name is used as a proxy for wine). The emotion of "sorrow" itself cannot be evaluated. What can be evaluated is only the objective content of this emotion, that is, why it is "sorrowful".
If you worry because of selfishness, decadence, or even reaction, then this sadness is a negative emotion; on the contrary, if you worry for some progressive purpose, then it becomes a positive emotion. emotion. Viewed in a specific historical context, the melancholy expressed by Cao Cao here belongs to the latter and should receive appropriate historical evaluation.
Chen Hang, a native of the Qing Dynasty, said in "Shi Bi Xing Jian": "This poem is the purpose of Han Gao's "Song of the Great Wind" to reflect on the warriors. The origin of 'Geometry of Life' is based on the so-called ancient king who knows The lifespan is not long, so we build sages together to provide heirs.”
This can be said to basically understand the meaning of Cao Cao’s worries; Be far away. What Cao Cao was thinking about at that time was to end the war and unify all of China in his own lifetime.
There are similarities and differences with the "Great Wind Song" sung by Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty. Qingqing Zijin, my heart is leisurely.
But for the sake of you, I still ponder it. Yo yo deer roar, eat wild apples.
I have a guest who plays the drum, harp and sheng. These eight sentences are even more touching and profound.
The two sentences "Qing Qing" are originally words from "The Book of Songs·Zheng Feng·Zi Jin". The original poem is about a girl missing her lover. The four sentences in the first chapter are: "Qing Qingzi" "Jin, lingering in my heart. Even if I don't go, Zi Ning will not follow you?" (Your green collar is deeply lingering in my heart.
Although I can't find you, you Why didn't you take the initiative to give me the message?) Cao Cao quoted this poem here and said that he had been reciting it in a low voice. This is really clever. He said, "Young and young disciples are in my heart." Of course, this is a direct metaphor for missing "virtuous people"; but more importantly, the two sentences he omitted are: "Even if I don't go, will Zi Ning not inherit the sound?" Since it was actually impossible for Cao Cao to find those "virtuous people" one by one, he used this implicit method to remind them: "Even if I didn't find you, why didn't you take the initiative to join me?" This implicit meaning can be seen in his "seeking talents." 5. Translation of Cao Zhang in classical Chinese
Translation of "Three Kingdoms Wei Shu Cao Zhang Biography":
Ren Chengwei Wang Cao Zhang, courtesy name Ziwen. Cao Zhang was good at archery and riding horses since he was a child. He had excellent arm strength and could fight with wild beasts with his bare hands. He never avoided dangers and went on many military expeditions. When Cao Cao saw this, he often taught him a lesson. This child just doesn't want to study, doesn't admire and pursue the principles of sages and wise men, but only likes riding horses and fencing. These things can only make you an ordinary person, how can you reach the level of nobility? "(So) he urged Cao Zhang to study the Book of Songs and the Book of Books. Cao Zhang told his left and right men: "Every real man should be like Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, who led an army of 100,000 to gallop on the battlefield, drove away the Rongdi, made great achievements, established titles, and How can I stay here and become a doctor? "Cao Cao once asked his sons what they would like to do and let them express their own ambitions. Cao Zhang said: "I like to be a general. Cao Cao asked, "What does it take to be a general?" "Cao Zhang replied: "We must be strong and tenacious, do not hesitate when encountering danger, and take the lead; those who have merit will be rewarded, and those who are guilty must be punished. "Cao Cao laughed after hearing this.
In the 23rd year of Jian'an, Daijun Wuwan rebelled and appointed Cao Zhang as Beizhonglang General to conduct military affairs with heroic cavalry. Before setting off, Cao Cao admonished Cao Zhang: " Although we are father and son when we are at home, we are king and minister when we are ordered to do so. Now everything must be done in accordance with the king's law. You must be vigilant! Cao Zhang raised his army to march north. When the army entered the border of Zhuo County, it suddenly encountered about thousands of Karasuma rebels. At that time, Cao Zhang's army had not gathered its troops and horses. There were only about a thousand infantry and only a few hundred horses. So Cao Zhang used Tian Yu's plan to hold on to the key gap, while Hu Qi retreated and dispersed. Seeing this, Cao Zhang went out of the camp to chase after him. He fought with him personally and raised his arrows to shoot at Hu Qi. Many of them fell down in response to the string. After fighting for half a day, Cao Zhang was hit by several arrows in his armor, but he was more energetic and took advantage of the victory to pursue his defeated soldiers. Until Sangqian, more than 200 miles away from Daijun. The commander of the army, Shi, and the generals all believed that the army had just traveled to a distant place, the troops and horses were exhausted, and the trip had been restricted by Jiedu (military scheduling restrictions), so they ordered us not to pass through Daijun or go deep into the enemy's position, lest we do anything. Acts that both disobey orders and underestimate the enemy. Cao Zhang said: "When leading an army to go on an expedition, we must do whatever is beneficial to our army. What do you mean by temperance? The Hu army has not gone far. If we pursue them, we will definitely defeat them. If we let the enemy go because we obey military orders, He is not a good general either." So he went out into battle and mounted his horse, commanding the troops: "Those who attack late will be killed." He fought with the Karasuma rebels all day and night, and Cao Zhang led his soldiers to attack them, and they were defeated. The enemy troops beheaded and captured thousands of people alive. Cao Zhang then rewarded the soldiers with double the reward than usual, and the soldiers were all happy. At that time, Xianbei Kebi was able to lead tens of thousands of cavalry to watch the strength of the two armies. He saw that Cao Zhang was fighting hard and all those he attacked were defeated, so he asked the Wei army for submission. The north is settled. At that time, Cao Cao was in Chang'an and summoned Cao Zhang to meet him. When Cao Zhang came back from Daibei and passed through Yecheng, Prince Cao Pi said to Cao Zhang: "You have just achieved great success and now you are going to the west to see the Lord. It is best not to boast about yourself and always show as if you have not done enough during the conversation.
"When Cao Zhang arrived in Chang'an, as the prince said, he gave credit to his generals. Cao Cao was overjoyed. He stroked Cao Zhang's beard with his hand and said, "Huang Xuer is so surprised! "
After Cao Cao returned to the east, he asked Cao Zhang to serve as the general of the traveling cavalry and stay in Chang'an. Not long after Cao Cao arrived in Luoyang, he became seriously ill and sent a post horse to summon Cao Zhang, but Cao Zhang died before he arrived. Cao Pi took the throne, and Cao Zhang and other princes surrendered to the country. In the third year of Huang Chu, Cao Zhang was appointed king of Rencheng. He died suddenly in the mansion. His posthumous title was Wei.