Cao Cao (155～220), the Emperor Wu of Wei. A statesman, military strategist and poet during the Three Kingdoms period. The courtesy name is Mengde, the nickname is Ah Ma, and Qiao (a native of Bo County, Anhui Province today). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the army gradually expanded its military strength while suppressing the Yellow Turban uprising. In the third year of Chuping (AD 192), they occupied Yanzhou, divided and lured part of the Qingzhou Yellow Turban Army to surrender, and organized it into the "Qingzhou Army". In the first year of Jian'an (196), the imperial capital Xu (now east of Xuchang, Henan) was presented. He held the emperor hostage to order the princes, and successively defeated Lu Bu and other separatist forces. After defeating the warlord Yuan Shao in the Battle of Guandu, he gradually unified northern China. In the thirteenth year of Jian'an, he became prime minister and led his army southward, but was defeated by the coalition forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei in Chibi. Later he was granted the title of King of Wei. His son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor and pursued the title of Emperor Wu.
He farmed in the north and built water conservancy projects, which solved the problem of shortage of military rations and played a certain role in the recovery of agricultural production. He employed people based on their talents, broke the concept of family status, recruited people from the middle and lower classes of the landlord class, and restrained the powerful. , strengthen centralization. The social economy of the area under its rule has been restored and developed. He is proficient in the art of war and has written books such as "Sun Tzu's Brief Explanation" and "The Art of War". He is good at poetry, and his poems such as "A Walk in the Grass" and "Viewing the Sea" express his political ambitions and reflect the suffering life of the people in the late Han Dynasty. They are majestic, generous and desolate. The prose is also clear and neat. His works include "Collection of Emperor Wu of Wei", which has been lost and has a Ming Dynasty version. Now there is a compiled and typeset version of "Collection of Cao Cao".
Resume of Cao Cao
Emperor Wu of Wei
Name: Cao Cao
Temple name: Taizu
Posthumous title: Wu Emperor
Mausoleum: Gaoling
Government: Cao Wei
Alive: 155--220
Cao Cao (155-220) March 15), with the courtesy name Mengde, auspicious name, and the diminutive name Amo, a native of Qiaojun, Peiguo (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province). A famous military strategist, politician and poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty of China.
Life
Cao Cao was born into a family of officials. His father, Cao Song, was originally named Xiahou. Because he later became the adopted son of Cao Teng, the Changqiu Cao Teng, he changed his surname to Cao. Cao Cao was already accomplished in both civil and military affairs when he was young. "Book of Wei" says that he was "extremely talented. He could shoot birds with his hands and hunt wild beasts with his bow. He tasted it in Nanpi and shot pheasants in one day and caught sixty-three pheasants." "Three Kingdoms" said that he was "unparalleled in talent and martial arts", "less clever and more powerful".
In 175 AD, Cao Cao promoted Xiaolian and appointed him as Luoyang captain. In 177 AD, he was appointed Dunqiu Ling. In 179 AD, he married Bian and was promoted to Yilang in 180 AD. In 184 AD, he started his career during the Eastern Han Dynasty's war to suppress the Yellow Turban uprising and served as the Cavalry Commander. Due to his meritorious service in suppressing the Yellow Turban Army, he was promoted to Prime Minister of Jinan. Later, he successively served as the governor of Dongjun, the captain, and the captain of the Dian army. After Dong Zhuo entered Beijing in 189 AD, he fled back to his hometown Chenliu and launched an army to attack Dong Zhuo.
In 192 AD, Cao Cao formally formed his own military group "Qingzhou Soldiers". In 196 AD, he led his army to Luoyang to welcome Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, "serve the emperor to order the princes" and moved the capital to Xuchang. From 200 AD to 207 AD, through battles such as the Battle of Guandu, they defeated Yuan Shao and other separatist warlords and unified northern China. In December of the 13th year of Jian'an (208 years), they were defeated by the coalition forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei in the Battle of Chibi. This established the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu, and Wu in Chinese history.
In 213 AD, Cao Cao was named "Wei Gong". In 215 AD, Zhang Lu's forces in Hanzhong were defeated. In 216 AD, he was promoted to "King of Wei" again, received nine tins, set up the emperor's banner, wore the emperor's crown, was called Jingzhi when he came in and out, and built the Pan Palace. Although he was still a minister of the Han Dynasty in name, with all the power in the government and the opposition, in fact he had the power and power of an emperor, but he still did not establish the Han Dynasty on its own. Cao Cao died on March 15, 220 AD at the age of sixty-six, and was posthumously named King Wu.
In 220 AD, the eldest son Cao Pi established the Wei Dynasty as the Han Dynasty and honored Cao Cao as Emperor Taizu Wu. He is the founder of Wei State. He is the author of military works such as "Sun Tzu's Brief Interpretation" and "The Art of War" and poems such as "Artemisia Walk", "Viewing the Sea", and "The Turtle Lives Longevity". Later generations also compiled the Collection of Cao Cao.
Historical books comment on Cao Cao: "Minglue is the best", "A capable minister in governing the world is a traitor in troubled times", "Writing poems horizontally is a hero who consolidates the whole world." "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" cited counselor Xun , Guo Jia's comment on Cao Cao, saying that Cao Cao has ten, namely "Tao, righteousness, governance, degree, strategy, virtue, benevolence, Ming, literature, and martial arts". The famous "Rang County Self-Ming Benzhi Ling" was written in the fifteenth year of Jian'an (210). It is upright and every word is sincere. Cao Cao said emotionally: "If there is no one left alone in the world, I don't know how many people will be called emperors and how many people will be called kings." This is indeed the case.
In the long historical novel "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", due to literary needs, there is an obvious way of derogating Cao Cao. However, the Three Kingdoms' evaluation of him can be regarded as the highest among the monarchs of the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu. Chen Shou commented on Cao Cao as "At the end of the Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos, heroes and heroes emerged together, and Yuan Shao was eyeing the four states, and he was invincible. Taizu made plans. Conspiracy, whipping the inner world, absorbing the magic of Shen and Shang, the unique strategies of Han and Bai, and the official materials, each with its own tools, pretending to be calculating, not thinking about the old evil, in the end, he can always control the emperor's machine, and defeat the prosperous industry, but he has a clear strategy The best. He can be said to be an extraordinary person and a transcendent figure." Later scholars believed that this was because Luo Guanzhong, the author of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", deliberately distorted the facts and did not evaluate Cao Cao correctly. Cao Cao was meritocratic and his military tactics and strategies were flexible and changeable.
He made significant contributions to the unification of northern China, the restoration of economic production and the maintenance of social order in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In terms of domestic affairs, Cao Cao established the farming system and ordered soldiers who did not need to fight to work in the fields, which alleviated the food problem during the war in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
Cao Cao's Poetry Style
Cao Cao's handwriting Cao Cao's poetry was greatly influenced by Yuefu, and all the existing poems are Yuefu lyrics. Although these poems use old Yuefu titles, they do not follow the poetic style of the ancients. They are new and unfettered. However, they inherit the spirit of "feeling sad and happy, and inspired by events". For example, "Xing Dew Xing" and "Artemisia Xing Xing" were originally songs, but Cao Cao used them to mourn the rebellion. "Stepping out of the East Gate" was originally a melody that touched on the impermanence of life and the need to enjoy the times. However, Cao Cao used it to express his ambition to dominate the world and the magnificent scenery he saw after returning from the Northern Expedition. It can be seen that Cao Cao's innovative folk songs opened up a new trend of Jian'an literature and also influenced later Du Fu, Bai Juyi and others.
The contents of Cao Cao's poems generally fall into three categories: reflecting the reality of the turmoil in the late Han Dynasty, the ideal of unifying the world and his tenacious enterprising spirit, and expressing unforgettable negative emotions.
At the end of the Han Dynasty, there was great chaos, and Cao Cao went south and north. He came into contact with a wide range of society, so many people have personal experience and understanding. For example, "Hao Xing" describes the tragedy of the war at the end of the Han Dynasty, and saw the misery of the people. Also see the poet's mixed emotions when he is hurt. Therefore, later generations call Cao Cao's Yuefu "a true record of the late Han Dynasty and a true history of poetry."
Cao Cao was born into an official and had ambitions for the world, so he had the ambition to unify. This is evidenced by the saying in "Dan Ge Xing" that "the Duke of Zhou spits out food and the world returns to its heart." His enterprising spirit can also be seen. For example, in "Gui Sui Shou", "The old man is still in trouble, but his ambition is thousands of miles." He said that even in his old age, he still did not give up his ambition.
A generation of heroes may be glorious for a lifetime, but sometimes their stars will fall and perish. Cao Cao also felt helpless about this. He only had the sense of poetry and was helpless. For example, in "Dan Ge Xing", the sentimentality of "like the morning dew, the past days will be more bitter", the low mood in "Autumn Hu Xing", and his negative mood can be seen in Youxian's works such as "Mo Shang Mulang".
Cao Cao’s poetry form is very innovative. He is especially good at writing five-character and four-character styles. "Hao Li Xing" was originally composed of miscellaneous words, but Cao Cao rewrote it in five words, which was very successful. In terms of four-character poetry, it has declined since the "Book of Songs" and there are few excellent works. However, Cao Cao inherited the traditions of "Guofeng" and "Xiaoya" to reflect reality and express emotions. For example, "Dan Ge Xing" and "Stepping out of Xiamen Xing" are all excellent works of four-character poetry, which make four-character poetry reborn and shine again. Cao Cao's poems are simple and express his feelings directly. They are generous and sad, yet melancholy and vigorous. Gorgeous words are not common, but their images are vivid. For example, in the poem "Viewing the Sea": "The autumn wind is bleak, the waves are rising, and the journey of the sun and the moon, if you are out of it, The stars are brilliant, if they come out of it. "With just a few strokes, the poet's mind can be expressed with a vast sea scene without any embellishment.
Family
Anshun local opera mask in the Qing Dynasty resembles Cao Cao. Cao Cao had twenty-five sons:
Cao Ang, who had promoted filial piety and honesty when he was young, was killed by Zhang Xiu .
Cao Pi, who forced Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty to abdicate the throne in 220 AD, became Emperor Wen of Wei.
Cao Zhang, nicknamed Huang'er, was a brave general who once defeated Karasuma in Daijun. In 225 AD, he was appointed king of the city.
Cao Zhi is good at literature and once wrote "Ode to the Goddess of Luo". Although he was favored by Cao Cao, he ultimately failed to compete with his brother Cao Pi for the throne, and from then on he was unable to realize his political ambitions. In 225 AD, he was established as King Chen.
Cao Xiong died young.
Cao Shuo died early.
Cao Chong, a famous child prodigy, is said to have weighed an elephant based on the principle of buoyancy.
Cao Zheng was granted the title of King of Pengcheng in 232 AD.
Cao Yu was named King of Yan in 232 AD.
Cao Lin was named King of Pei in 232 AD.
Cao Gun was named King of Zhongshan in 232 AD. When he was seriously ill before his death, Wei Ming Emperor Cao took great care of him, and he was given a generous burial after his death.
Cao was granted the title of Marquis of Xixiang in 211 AD.
Cao Jun was named King Chenliu in 232 AD.
Cao Ju died young.
Cao Qian was named King of Zhao in 232 AD.
Cao Shang died early.
Cao Biao was named King of Chu in 232 AD. In 251 AD, he rebelled against Taiwei Wang Ling and was sentenced to death.
Cao Qin died young.
Cao Cheng died early.
Cao Zheng was granted the title of Marquis in 217 AD.
Cao Jing died young.
Cao Jun was granted the title of Marquis of Fan in 217 AD.
Cao Ji died young.
Cao Hui was named King of Dongping in 232 AD.
Cao Mao has always been at odds with Cao Cao and Cao Pi. In 232 AD, he was named King of Quyang.
Cao Cao
Cao Cao (155～220), the Emperor Wu of Wei. A statesman, military strategist and poet during the Three Kingdoms period. The courtesy name is Mengde, the nickname is Ah Ma, and Qiao (a native of Bo County, Anhui Province today). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the army gradually expanded its military strength while suppressing the Yellow Turban uprising. . He held the emperor hostage to order the princes, and successively defeated Lu Bu and other separatist forces. After defeating the warlord Yuan Shao in the Battle of Guandu, he gradually unified northern China. When Emperor Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty ascended the throne as prime minister, he led his army southward and was defeated by the coalition forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei in Chibi. Later he was granted the title of King of Wei.
From then on, the situation of the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu in Chinese history was established. His son Cao Pi replaced Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty and founded the Wei Kingdom, and he was honored as Emperor Wu. He died at the age of sixty-six.
Cao Cao has always been a very controversial historical figure. In the eyes of ordinary people, he is a bad guy and a traitor. In fact, according to true historical evaluation, Cao Cao is an outstanding politician, military strategist, and writer.
1. Politician: Cao Cao was already accomplished in both civil and military affairs when he was young. "A capable minister in governing the world, a traitor in troubled times." His evaluation in the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms can be regarded as the highest among the monarchs of the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu, and Wu. It made a significant contribution to the unification of northern China, the restoration of economic production and the stability of social order in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In terms of domestic affairs, Cao Cao established the farming system and ordered soldiers who did not need to fight to work in the fields, which alleviated the food problem during the war in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
2. Military strategist: Cao Cao is a man of merit. When Guan Yu was captured by him, he very much hoped that Guan Yu would surrender to him, because he knew that Guan Yu was a loyal, brave and good at fighting, but Guan Yu never agreed and even used bad words. In the end, he would rather let Guan Yu go back than kill him. It can be seen that he is a person who cherishes his talents. But he was also a suspicious person. Once, he wanted to get rid of Dong Zhuo, but he was discovered by him. Dong Zhuo sent people to hunt down Cao Cao. At the critical moment, his father's good friend Lu Boshe rescued him. In order to calm him down, Lu Boshe sharpened his knife and killed a pig to entertain him. Unexpectedly, Cao Cao thought he was going to assassinate him, so he attacked first and killed all Lu Boshe's family. Cao Cao asked why he wanted to kill him, and his friend said that it was Killing a pig, although Cao Cao understood the truth of the matter, he still killed him and said: "I would rather teach me to betray the world than teach the world to betray me." This shows Cao Cao's viciousness and cruelty. Another time, a soldier covered him with a quilt at night, but he pretended to be dreaming and killed the soldier. Afterwards, the soldier held a grand funeral. His actions touched the hearts of the soldiers, and this was also the purpose of his burying the soldiers generously. He is also a very resourceful person. I believe everyone knows the idiom "looking at plum blossoms to quench thirst".
3. Literary Writer: There are roughly three types of content in Cao Cao's poems:
1. Reflecting the Chinese End of turmoil,
2. The ideal of unifying the world in reality and the tenacious enterprising spirit,
3. As well as the unforgettable negative emotions expressing worries.
In his "Turtle Though Longevity", "The old man is still in trouble, but his ambition is thousands of miles. In the old age of a martyr, his ambition is endless." He said that even in his old age, he still did not give up his ambition.