Classification of common themes in ancient poetry
Border fortress poetry
Border fortress poetry is a poem that describes the scenery of the frontier fortress and reflects the life of frontier soldiers as its basic content.
Frontier fortress poems of the Tang Dynasty: The frontier fortress poems of this period advocated the use of poetry to reflect the mountains, rivers, scenery, customs and customs of the frontier fortress; to express the will to join the army in the frontier fortress and kill the enemy to serve the country; to eulogize the frontier fortress soldiers who were not afraid of hard work and defended the frontier. The fighting spirit; expressing the desire to defend the enemy and making achievements and the thought of settling down the border; describing the deep emotions of soldiers and relatives missing each other; satirizing and admonishing the rulers who expanded the territory and opened borders and resorted to militarism. Representative poets include: Wang Changling, Gao Shi, Cen Shen, etc. Gao Shi's "Yan Ge Xing", Cen Shen's "Baixue Ge Sends Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital", Wang Zhihuan's "Liangzhou Ci", Wang Changling's "Out of the Fortress", etc. are all well-known masterpieces.
Frontier fortress poems of the Song Dynasty: More expressive of the resentment and depression of having no way to serve the country and the sadness of having no hope of returning home, such as Fan Zhongyan's "The Proud Fisherman" ("The scenery under the fortress is strange in autumn").
Common images in frontier poems can be grasped from two aspects: first, war-related artifacts, such as flags, drums, stems, guns, horns, chariots, camp gates, beacons, etc.; Places, people, things, such as Loulan, Yinshan, Hanhai, Liangzhou, the Great Wall, Shoujiang City, Yumenguan, Shanyu, Tuguhun, Qiang flute, Hujia, pipa, "Folding Willows", "Falling Plum Blossoms", "Guanshan" "Moon" etc.
Liangzhou Ci (Part 1) Zhang Ji
In the border town, the geese fly low in the dusk rain, and the asparagus is beginning to grow.
Countless bells are heard far away from Qi, and Bai Lian should be carried to Anxi.
Zheng Ren resents Liu Zhongyong
Every year the Jinhe River returns to Yuguan, and the horses and swords ring are used.
The white snow returns to the green tombs in the third spring, and the thousands of miles of Yellow River circles the Black Mountains.
Seven Songs from the Military March (Part 2) Wang Changling
When the pipa dances to a new sound, it is always a farewell to the old feelings behind the mountains.
I can’t stop listening to the excitement, and the autumn moon shines on the Great Wall.
Landscape pastoral poetry
Landscape poetry originated from Xie Lingyun in the Southern Dynasty (Song Dynasty), and pastoral poetry originated from Tao Yuanming in the Jin Dynasty, represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran in the Tang Dynasty. This type of poetry takes landscapes and pastoral areas as its aesthetic objects, and casts delicate brushstrokes on the quiet mountains, forests, and leisurely fields, creating a pastoral life to express the poet's love for nature, yearning for freedom, dissatisfaction with reality, and pastoral life. The yearning and love, as well as the leisurely, indifferent and leisurely contented state of mind. The poetry is timeless and beautiful, the style is quiet and elegant, the language is clear and concise, simple and natural, and the line drawing technique and the lyrical method of borrowing scenes to express emotions are mostly used.
Immigration (Part 2) Tao Yuanming
There are many beautiful days in spring and autumn, so I climb high and compose new poems. They called each other after passing the door, and drank some wine.
We all go back to the farm work, and miss each other in our spare time. When I love you, I wear my clothes and talk and laugh endlessly.
This principle will ① be invincible, and it will disappear suddenly without doing anything. Food and clothing must be disciplined②, and I will not be deceived if I work hard.
[Zhengguan] Tao Tao Ling Anonymous
A boat crosses the path by the stream, and the water in front of the door is as clear as jade. Green mountains cut off the worldly road, and white clouds fill the ground with no trace. He said that he couldn't find him, but he said he couldn't find him. But it turns out that Nong's family lives by Parrot Island.
Dongxi Mei Yaochen
When I went to Dongxi to look at the water, I sat on the lonely island and it was late to leave the boat. The wild ducks are resting on the shore, and the old trees are in bloom and have no ugly branches.
The short bulrushes look like shears, keeping the flat sand and gravel in a sieve. Although the love is not tired, I can't live in it. When I come back in the evening, the carriage and horse are tired.
Farewell poems
One of the earliest and most common themes in ancient poetry. They generally describe scenery and express parting emotions according to time and place, thereby reflecting the author's thoughts and feelings.
It is mainly used to express separation and separation, or to encourage and encourage, or to express deep friendship, or to express the sorrow of separation.
Because farewell is often associated with climbing mountains and facing water, it adopts a lyrical method that combines emotions with scenery and blends scenes, so it is also called "landscape farewell poem". For example, I have learned "Farewell to Du Shaofu in Shuchuan" ( Wang Bo), "Farewell to Meng Haoran in Guangling" (Li Bai), "Two Songs of Farewell to Dong Da" (Gao Shi), "Yulin Ling" (Liu Yong), etc.
Common images in farewell poems include Changting, Nanpu, willows, and fine wine. In addition, they also include: setting sun, west wind, painted corners, partridges, spring breeze, autumn moon, fallen leaves, remaining red, fallen lotus, river, thin Rain, autumn cicada, orchid boat, etc.
The willow shoots are green? Send Lu Meipo to Liu Guo
The chrysanthemums ① are deep in the cup, and the plum blossoms are ② far away, both in the capital. Gathering and dispersing in a hurry, there are solitary geese by the clouds and duckweeds on the water. How can you teach people without hurting their feelings? I feel sleepy and frightened several times. I missed my lovesickness the next night, the dust followed the horse, and the moon followed the boat.
Danyang sees Wei off to join the army Yan Wei
Danyang Guoli sees off the boat, knowing the autumn of both places.
Looking south of the Yangtze River and north of the Yangtze River at night, jackdaws are flying all over the water.
Farewell to Han Cong in Chanshui in late spring
Green, dark and red appear sparsely in Fengcheng ①, reflecting the past and present feelings of dusk cloud pavilions.
Pedestrians should not listen to the water in front of the palace, this is the sound of time flowing away.
Poems about things
Poems about things are poems that express thoughts and feelings by chanting about natural or social things, and express ambitions based on things.
Commonly used techniques: symbolism, analogy, etc.
Representative works include Wang Wei's "Lovesickness" ("Red beans grow in the South"), Li Bai's "Egret", Du Fu's "Returning Wild Geese", Lu You's "Bu Shuzi? Ode to the Plum Blossoms", Yu Qian's "Ode of Lime", Wang Mian's "Ode to the Plum Blossoms" "Mo Mei" and so on, are all famous poems that use natural objects to express one's own aspirations.
Poems about objects have two major characteristics:
① Borrowing objects for sustenance and expressing feelings. They may express the sorrow of their lofty ideals and the worries of their country; or they may write about their feelings of not being able to appreciate their talents and being late as scholars.
② It is the borrowed thing. It is not only the embodiment of the author's ideals, purpose, and integrity, but also the carrier of the theme and image of the work.
Mo Mei Wang Mian
The tree at the head of the pond where I wash my inkstones has blooming flowers with faint ink marks.
Don’t let anyone praise you for the good color, just leave the pure energy filling the universe.
Red Plum Su Shi
Afraid of worry, snooze, and late blooming alone. I am afraid that I will not be in time.
Pretending to be a small red peach and apricot color, there is still a solitary, thin and snowy appearance.
The cold heart refuses to follow the spring state, and the wine faints on the jade skin for no reason.
Shi Lao didn’t know that Meg was there, but he looked at the green leaves and green branches.
Xue Baochai chants the white begonia. Lin Daiyu chants the white begonia.
Zhen Xun’s fragrant figure closes the door in the daytime, holding hands with an urn to fill the moss basin. The Xiang curtain is half rolled up and the door is half closed, and the ice is crushed into earth and jade for the basin.
The rouge washes out the shadow of the autumn steps, and the ice and snow reveal the soul. The pistils of a stolen pear are three-thirds white, and a wisp of the plum blossom's soul is borrowed.
You will know that the flowers are more beautiful when they are very light. How can you find jade without a trace when you are so sad? The immortal in the Moon Cave sews his silk gown, and the resentful girl in autumn wipes away the traces of her cry.
To repay the white emperor for his cleanliness, Tingting said nothing and the sun became dim again. I am shy and silent to complain to whom, I am tired of leaning against the west wind and am already fainting at night.
(According to the 37th chapter of "Dream of Red Mansions", the second edition of Du's People's Literature Publishing House in December 1996)
Ode to History and Reminisce about Ancient Poems
Ode to History and Reminisce Ancient poems are poets who chant or comment on historical stories and historical figures when reading history books or visiting historical sites. They incorporate the poet's unique insights into the poet's unique insights. They use history to sing about people, use history to recite people, use history to rule history, and use history to describe the present. Most of them are concise. The words and selected images combine the feelings of nature, society and history, or lament the rise and fall of dynasties, or lament the rapid changes of the years, or satirize the shameless debauchery of those in power, thus expressing the author's meditation after reading all the vicissitudes of life, and containing profound meanings. The nostalgia for the past and the sense of sorrow for the present are just as the saying goes, borrowing the ancients' wine cup to pour one's own troubles. Representative works include Zhang Jie's "Book Burning Pit", Li Shangyin's "Jia Sheng", Du Mu's "Ti Wu Jiang Pavilion", Du Fu's "The Prime Minister of Shu", Liu Yuxi's "Woyi Lane", "Stone City", Su Shi's "Niannujiao" "Chibi Nostalgia", Xin Qiji's "Yongyu Le? Jingkou Beiguting Nostalgia", Zhang Yanghao's "Slope Sheep? Tong Caring for the Ancient", etc. Among them, Su Shi's "Nian Nujiao? Red Cliff Nostalgia" can be regarded as a model of this poem.
Epic poems have the following characteristics:
⑴. Borrowing from the past to hurt the present, and borrowing from the past to satirize the present;
⑵. Poetry has a strong realistic focus Sex;
⑶. The "people, things, scenery, and objects" in poetry are just "media" and cathartic materials for the author to express his emotions and embody his own thinking about history. Therefore, there is a certain distance between the scenery or other people and things in the epic poem and the people and things in reality. They are all "scenes with me" and are used to convey certain ideas and emotions of the author.
Eight Poems on History (Part 6) (Jin Dynasty) Zuo Si
Jing Ke drank in Yanshi, and the wine made him feel more energetic. Lamentations and gradual departures are as if there is no one around.
Although there is no Heroes’ Day, it is still unique in the world. The world is high and the world is high, so what is the right thing to do?
Although noble people value themselves, they regard them as dust. Although a humble person is humble, he is as important as a thousand pieces of metal.
Red Cliff Du Xiang
The naval army marched eastward to this ambitious map, crossing the narrow pass of the Yangtze River for thousands of miles.
Zhuge has Han in his heart, and Cao Man has no Wu in his eyes.
The soldiers are burning, torches are shadowed by the strong east wind, and the dream is cut off by the sound of the flute, and the moon is lonely at night.
It’s too hard to look back after this, the desolate place is filled with smoke and gulls.
Visitors to Huangzhou may come from Xiakou to the west and Wuchang to the east
Born in Red Cliff, but Zhou Lang’s torch and Su Zi’s two trips
——Guo Chaozuo Inscribed on the Red Cliff Gate Tower on the Eastern Slope of Huanggang, Hubei
Recording Poems
Recording Poems are also called travel poems, travel poems and travel poems. It may describe personal travel experiences, or express feelings of homesickness and nostalgia, combining narrative and lyricism. This type of poetry is inseparable from the description of landscapes, so it is also called "landscape poems". For example, Du Fu's "Sentiments on a Night Journey" and Ma Zhiyuan's "Autumn Thoughts" cannot be regarded as landscape poems.
Images often used to express affection for relatives: the bright moon, wild geese, letters from home, dreams, etc. Also pay attention to some special festivals.
The bright moon shines brightly at night ("Nineteen Ancient Poems")
The bright moon shines brightly on my bed curtains. I can't sleep due to sadness, so I pick up my clothes and wander around.
Although it is a pleasant trip, it is better to return home early. When I go out and feel alone, who should I complain to?
The leader returned to the room and shed tears on his clothes.
Night Return Zhoumi
Guests returning home late at night follow the wind, and the cold phosphorus gathers in the earth according to the fireflies.
The mud path of the village shop is slippery in the dim moonlight, and the bamboo window leaks a mending lamp.
Dongpo Su Shi
The rain washes the east slope and the moonlight is clear, and all the people in the city are walking in the wild.
Don’t be too dissatisfied with the winding road, the sonorous sound of self-love.
Wang Yiyun over Ling Gorge at dawn
Hunting in the south wind blowing at the Yi Pavilion, pulling the cable over Ling Gorge at five o'clock.
I am accustomed to doing things without worrying about Feng Shui. I just lie down and listen to the thunder of waterfalls and beaches.
Partridge Sky Yan Jidao
The ten-mile-long pavilion is leaning on the green, and the cuckoo is singing deep among the flowers. Talking diligently to passers-by is not like a wandering warbler taking a second flight. Wake up from a startling dream, when it clears up. The sound is nothing but return. How can it be that there is no intention to return to the end of the world, and the return date cannot be expected.
Poems of eulogy
The characteristic of eulogy poetry is to express one's feelings immediately, to express one's feelings through the narration of specific events, to express one's personal ambitions, hatred of farewell, nostalgia for distance, sorrow of separation, and feelings of time. Emotional works. The author often feels something about something and writes it into a poem, which is to express his feelings.
The main expression techniques include metaphor, symbolism, association, etc.
Representative works include Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" and "Fording the River", Li Bai's "The Journey Is Difficult" and "About to Enter the Wine", Chen Zi'ang's "Deng Youzhou Taiwan Song", Su Shi's "Ding Feng Bo?" "Encounter on the Shahu Road", Lu You's "Book of Anger" and so on.
Moonlight in Guazhou Zhang Ji
We see the new autumn again at Jiangtou, how sad is it? Where is China among the cold grass?
The hatred of heroes, the tears of ancient and modern times, flow eastwards. Only the fishing rod shines brightly on Guazhou.
Wandering in the palace at night, remembering the dream and sending it to Master Bohun, Lu You
The snowflakes are in chaos at dawn, and I am sleepwalking somewhere, I don’t know where I am. The iron cavalry has no reputation and is like water. Xiangguan River: West of Yanmen, at the edge of Qinghai. Sleeping in the cold light, there is no sound and the moon tilts against the window paper. Since Xu was granted the title of Marquis in Wanli, who would have known? Although the temples are broken, the heart is not dead.
Jiangyin Fuyuantang Dai Fuxu
Looking down at the Yangtze River from Henggang, I feel sad for thousands of miles in front of Fuyuantang.
The most miserable thing is that there are no mountains to cover your eyes, and Huainan is as far as the eye can see in China.
Love poems
Poems with the theme of love (including mourning for death) are also called "love songs" and "poems of resentment", "Jianjia", "Altair", "Untitled" ("It's hard to say goodbye when we meet" by Li Shangyin), "Magpie Bridge Immortal" ("The clouds are clever" Qin Guan) and so on.
Untitled Li Shangyin
It is difficult to say goodbye when we meet, the east wind is powerless and the flowers are withered.
Spring silkworms will not run out of silk until they are dead, and wax torches will not dry until they turn to ashes.
When you look into the mirror at dawn, you are worried about the clouds on your temples. When you sing at night, you should feel the cold moonlight.
There is not much way to get to Pengshan, and the blue bird is diligent in visiting.
Poem of Hate (Tang Dynasty) Anyi Fang Girl
It is predicted that on the day when I go up to the gorge, there will be many storms on the Qiujiang River.
It rained all night in Baling, and the song of Mulan broke my heart.
Poems of Palace Resentment
Spring Palace Resentment (Tang Dynasty) Du Xunhe
I have been mistaken by Chanjuan for a long time, and I want to put on makeup and look in the mirror in a daze. Gratitude is not in appearance, but teaching concubine is as good as appearance?
The wind is warm and the sound of birds is broken, and the sun is high and the shadows of flowers are heavy. Women cross the stream every year, recalling each other picking hibiscus.
The palace Yuan Zhen
The ancient palace is lonely and lonely, and the palace flowers are lonely and red.
The white-headed palace maid is here, sitting around talking about Xuanzong.
Jade steps resentment Li Bai
The jade steps produce white dew, which invades the stockings for a long time at night.
But under the crystal curtain, look at the autumn moon exquisitely.
Allegorical poems
Poems that use satire or persuasion to expose the darkness of society and the desolation of the world, and to express the voice of the people or upright people. Such as "Shuo Shu", "Cutting Sandalwood", "Bee" (Luo Yin of the Tang Dynasty), "Light Fatty", "Inscribed on Lin'an Residence" (Southern Song Dynasty? Lin Sheng), "Drunken Taiping" ("Scorning those who are greedy for small profits" Yuan Dynasty (Anonymous) etc. Allegorical poems have fewer titles.
The official hamster (Tang Dynasty) Cao Ye
The official hamster is as big as a bucket, and will not leave when someone opens the warehouse.
When the healthy children have no food and the common people are hungry, who will send the king into the king's mouth?
Philosophical poetry
Use the description and discussion of specific things to express or elucidate Some kind of philosophical poetry. Some point out the theme, and some are implicit and lead people to think. Su Shi's "Inscriptions on the West Forest Wall" and "Qin Poems", Zhu Xi's "Reflections on Reading Books", etc. In addition, although some poems are not philosophical poems, some of them are full of philosophical lines (such as "There is no way out after mountains and rivers, and there is another village with dark willows and bright flowers", "The green mountains cannot cover it, after all, it flows eastward", etc.), so we should also pay attention to it.
Qin Poetry Su Shi
If there is sound on the qin, why won’t it sound when placed in the box?
If the words are on your fingertips, why not listen to them on your fingertips?
Passing by Yang Wanli, Songyuan Chenchuiqigong Store
Mo Yan said that it was easy to go down to the ridge, and he earned the favor of passers-by.
Entering the circle of thousands of mountains, one mountain releases another.
Yong Jade Wei Yingwu
There are fine things in the universe, but there are no articles about the most precious things.
Carved as a tool for the world, its true nature will be destroyed.
Poems on paintings
Poems on paintings come from pictures, but are not bound by the pictures. They often start from the content of the picture or one of its points, and then form a perfunctory chapter. "Poetry conveys meaning beyond painting, and it is important to have the state in painting" (Volume 13 of Yang Shen's "Sheng'an Poetry Talk").
Inscribed on Bamboo and Stone Herding Cows by Huang Tingjian
Zizhan painted clumps of strange bamboos and rocks. During his period, he added a herdsman riding a cow on the front slope, which is very expressive and playful.
Yeci is a small and towering place, with secluded bamboo and greenery leaning against each other. A boy with a three-foot stick can guard against this old man.
I love the stone very much, so don’t send the ox to sharpen its horns! An ox can still sharpen its horns, but a fight between oxen and bamboo will destroy my bamboo.
Poems that are so old that their author, style, etc. cannot be tested are generally called ancient poems. However, we are now accustomed to refer to poetry written in classical Chinese as ancient poetry or ancient poetry. The earliest ancient poem is said to be: "Broken bamboo, renewed bamboo, flying earth, chasing meat." This is actually a folk song. It is recorded in "Wu Yue Chun Qiu" and is a collection of ancient Yan and Huang songs. The song "Tan Ge" recorded in "Wu Yue Chun Qiu" is said to be a folk song produced in the Huangdi era. It only uses four two-character sentences to describe the entire process of primitive hunting labor in an extremely concise manner. You see: to break the bamboo, cut the bamboo down; to renew the bamboo, join the bamboo and make a bow and arrow; to fly the earth, to go hunting, the dust is flying; to chase the meat, the arrow chases the animal and hits the prey. How vivid and powerful it is to write a primitive hunting scene! Like any ancient nation in the world, Chinese folk songs originated and gradually spread during the primitive hunting, sacrifice, marriage, herding and other activities of our ancestors. Therefore, it has long established the realist art tradition of "the laborer sings about his work, the hungry sings about his food", and "feels sad and happy, and responds to the situation".
It is easy for a young person to learn from an old person, but it is difficult for him to succeed, so no time is wasted. Unexpectedly, the spring grass in the pond is green, and the phoenix leaves in front of the steps have the sound of autumn. ——Southern Song Dynasty/Zhu Xi
If young people don’t work hard, old people will be sad. ——Yuefu Poetry Collection "Long Song Xing"
Don't wait for a while, the young man's head will turn gray, and he will feel empty and sad. ——Song Dynasty/Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong" is easy: easy.
Tomorrow comes tomorrow, and there are so many tomorrows! If I wait for tomorrow, everything will be wasted. —— Qian Hehong's "Tomorrow's Song" Wasted: Time passes in vain.
I am already deep in spring when I am studying. Every inch of time is worth an inch of gold. ——Tang Dynasty/Wang Zhenbai's "Two Words from Bailu Cave"
Reading thousands of volumes, writing is like a spirit. ——Tang Dynasty/Du Fu's "Twenty-two Rhymes Presented to Wei Zuocheng"
Never tire of learning, never tire of teaching. ——"The Analects of Confucius" Teaching: Teaching.
The book has its own golden house, and the book has its own beauty like jade. ——Song Dynasty/Zhao Heng's "Essay on Encouragement to Study"
Read three hundred Tang poems by heart, and can recite them even if you don't know how to recite them. ——"Three Hundred Tang Poems" by Sun Zhu of the Qing Dynasty
1. Homesickness, Quiet Night Thoughts, Tang Li Bai The moonlight shines brightly in front of the bed, I suspect it is frost on the ground. Raise your head to look at the bright moon, lower your head to think about your hometown.
2. Overcast and Rainy Tang Bai Juyi The mist is heavy today, and the mountains and rivers are deep here. The sound of the beach is more urgent in autumn, and the air in the gorge is more cloudy at dawn. Looking at the tower, the clouds cover my eyes, and my heart is homesick with raindrops. How can we comfort Youdu? I rely on this North Window Qin.
3. Cold food during the trip. Lizhong of the Tang Dynasty. Cold food during the trip, and tears of homesickness. The music and books are broken outside the sky, and the peach and plum rain is in the spring. There is no reason to want to drink, but there seems to be a reason for chanting. There are so many people outing outside his suburbs.
4. The sound of someone’s jade flute spreads into the spring breeze and fills Luo City. In this nocturne, I hear the willow trees breaking, and who can forget the love of my hometown? (Li Bai: "Listening to the Flute in Luocheng on a Spring Night")
5. It has been ten frosts since the guest house was in the same state. I return to my heart and recall Xianyang day and night. I crossed the Sanggan River for no reason, but I thought Bingzhou was my hometown. (Liu Zao: "Lvci Shuofang")
6. The garrison of drums interrupts the pedestrian movement, and there is the sound of wild geese in the autumn. The dew is white tonight, and the moon is bright in my hometown. All my brothers are scattered, and I have no family to ask about life and death. The letter sent was not delivered, but the troops were not suspended. (Du Fu: "Remembering My Brother on a Moonlit Night")
7. Starting in the morning to recruit priests, the travelers mourn their hometown. (Wen Tingyun's "Early Journey to Shangshan")
8. The garrison of drums interrupts the pedestrian movement, and there is a sound of wild geese in the autumn. The dew is white tonight, and the moon is bright in my hometown. All my brothers are scattered, and I have no family to ask about life and death. The letter sent was not delivered, but the troops were not suspended. (Du Fu: "Remembering My Brother on a Moonlit Night")
9. Seeing the autumn wind in Luoyang City, I want to write a book full of ideas. I'm afraid that I can't say it all in a hurry, and travelers are about to leave and open the gate again. (Zhang Ji: "Autumn Thoughts")
10. Being a stranger in a foreign land, I miss my family even more during the festive season. I know from afar that when my brothers climbed to a high place, they planted dogwood trees everywhere and one of them was missing. (Wang Wei: "Reminiscences of Shandong Brothers on September 9th")
11. During the winter solstice in Handan Posthouse, shadows in front of lanterns hugging one's knees accompany me. Thinking of sitting at home late at night, talking about people traveling far away. (Bai Juyi: "Handan Homesickness on the Winter Solstice Night")
In the outer building of the Qingshan Tower outside the mountains, when will the singing and dancing of the West Lake be closed? The warm wind makes the tourists drunk, and they call Hangzhou Bianzhou! Inscribed on Lin'an Residence [Song Dynasty] Lin Sheng
Sacrificed his life to go to the national disaster, and regarded death as a sudden return home. ——Cao Zhi's "White Horse"
1. Treat the home as the home, the township as the township, the country as the country, and the world as the world. ——"Guanzi Herdsman"
2. Never forgetting the country in the face of adversity is loyalty. ——"Zuo Zhuan? Year of Zhao Gong"
3. Take a long breath to cover your tears, mourning the hardships of the people's livelihood. ——Qu Yuan's "Li Sao"
4. Benefit the country, not wealth. ——"Book of Rites? Confucianism"
5. Sacrificing one's life to go to the national disaster, seeing death as a sudden return home. ——Cao Zhi's "White Horse"
6. The patriotism of martyrs is also like home. ——Ge Hong's "Baopuzi? External Chapter? Guangji" Martyr: Ambitious. People who make a difference.
7. Worry about the world’s worries first, and rejoice after the world’s happiness. ——Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower"
8. I dare not forget about my country despite my humble status. ——Lu You's "Sickness arose from the Book"
9. On the day when Wang Shibei set the Central Plains, he never forgot to tell Nai Weng about family sacrifices.
——Lu You's "Shi'er"
10. Since ancient times, no one has died, leaving a loyal heart to illuminate history. ——Wen Tianxiang "Crossing the Lingding Ocean"
11. Serve the country with loyalty. ——"History of the Song Dynasty? Biography of Yue Fei"
12. Everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world. ——Mai Menghua "On China's Survival Determined Today"
13. Li Mengyang of the Tang Dynasty: Looking at the stars in the north and standing with a sword in hand, he has become a worry for the country throughout his life.
14. Yu Qian of the Ming Dynasty: A heart of loyalty is dedicated to serving the country, and two lines of clear tears are loyal to the family.
15. Lu You of the Song Dynasty: Serving the country will lead to thousands of deaths, and the temples will never be green again.
16. Romance of the Three Kingdoms: Worrying about the country and forgetting about home, he sacrificed his life to help those in need.
17. Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty: He sighs four or five times in the middle of the night, often worrying about the great country.
18. I dare not forget about the country despite my humble status. ——-Lu You's "Sickness arose from the Book"
Farewell to Tang Wangwei
Dismounted from his horse to drink your wine and asked you where he was. You are dissatisfied with your words and return to the south mountain frontier. But don’t ask again, the white clouds are endless.
Weicheng Qu Tang Wangwei
Also known as "Send Yuan Er Envoy to Anxi"
The morning rain in Weicheng is light and dusty, and the guesthouses are green and willow-colored. I advise you to drink a glass of wine and leave Yangguan in the west without any old friends.
Send off Zizhou Li Shijun to Tang Wangwei
Thousands of valleys have towering trees, and thousands of mountains ring with cuckoos. It rained all night in the mountains, and there were hundreds of springs under the trees.
The Han women lost their banners and cloth, and the Ba people sued for their taro fields. Wen Weng turned over professors and did not dare to rely on sages.
Send Qi Wuqian back to his hometown Tang Wangwei
There are no hermits in the Holy Age, and all the heroic spirits have returned. So the guests from Dongshan were not allowed to visit Caiwei.
Now that we are far away from Kinmen, who is saying that my way is wrong? The cold food is spent in Jianghuai, and the spring clothes are sewn in Jingluo.
Putting wine on Chang'an Road, you are of the same mind and against me. When walking, there is a floating osmanthus tree, and soon the thorn leaf is brushed.
The trees in the distance lead travelers, and the rays of light are falling on the lonely city. If my plan is not suitable, don't say that I have few close friends.
Send off my friend Tang Li Bai
Green mountains stretch across Beiguo, and white water surrounds the east city. This place is a different place, and I can conquer thousands of miles alone.
The thoughts of wandering in the floating clouds, the love of old friends in the setting sun. I waved my hand and went away, and the horses roared.
Send Meng Haoran's Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty in Guangling
My old friend bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and fireworks descended from Yangzhou in March. The shadow of the lone sail in the distance is gone in the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River can be seen flowing in the sky.
Crossing Jingmen to say goodbye to Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty
Crossing the distance outside Jingmen to visit Chu State. The mountains end with the plains, and the river flows into the wilderness.
Under the moon, there is a flying mirror, and the clouds form a sea tower. Still feeling pity for the water in my hometown, I send my boat sailing thousands of miles away.
Du Shaofu was appointed as King Bo of the Tang Dynasty in Shuzhou
The city was built to assist the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke looked to Wujin. I want to say goodbye to you, we are both eunuchs.
There are close friends in the sea, and they are like neighbors in the world. If you do nothing, you will be on the wrong road, and your children will be stained with towels.
Send off to the capital of Wei Wan and Tang Li Qi
In the morning I heard the wanderers singing the song of departure, and last night there was a slight frost on the river for the first time. The swan geese can't bear to listen to the sorrow. The situation of Yunshan is like that of a guest.
The dawn in Guancheng is getting colder, and the sound of anvils in the imperial garden is getting louder in the evening. Don't spend time in Chang'an, where time will be wasted.
Send to Chen Zhangfu and Tang Li Qi
In April, the south wind blows and the barley turns yellow, the jujube flowers have not yet fallen and the tung leaves are growing. Farewell to the green mountains in the morning and see each other again in the evening, neighing horses and going out to miss the old hometown.
How magnanimous is the standing figure of Marquis Chen? His beard and eyebrows are still broad. There are ten thousand volumes of books stored in his belly, and he refuses to bow his head in the grass.
I drink wine in the east gate, but my heart is light and everything is like a feather. I lie drunk and don't know the sunset. Sometimes I look at the solitary clouds in the sky.
The waves on the long river are so dark that it is impossible to stop the boat at Jinkou to cross. Travelers from the state of Zheng did not reach home, and their journey to Luoyang was empty and they sighed.
There are many acquaintances in the old forest after hearing the news. What happened yesterday and today when I was dismissed from office?
Farewell to King Changling of the Tang Dynasty in the Furong Tower
The cold rain came to Wu at night, and I saw off the guest Chu Shangu in the morning. Relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other like a heart filled with ice in a jade pot.
Farewell Dong Datang Cen Shen
Thousands of miles of yellow clouds and white sun, and the north wind blows wild geese and snow. Don't worry, there will be no friends in the future. No one in the world will know you.
Farewell to Li Duan and Tang Lulun
The old pass is full of decay and grass, and it is sad to say farewell. The road is out of the cold clouds, when people return to the dusk snow.
It is early for a young man to be a guest, but it is difficult to recognize you late. Weeping towards each other in the sky, what is expected of the wind and dust.
Fu De Mu Yu sent Li Zhou and Tang Wei Yingwu
In the gentle rain of Chujiang River, it was the dusk of Jianye. The sail of Momo comes with heavy weight, and the bird of darkness leaves late.
The sea gate is deep and invisible, and the Pu tree is far away. The love for each other is infinite, and a piece of clothing is better than a loose thread.
Send someone to travel eastward to Wen Tingyun of the Tang Dynasty
The yellow leaves fell in Huangxu, leaving the hometown in awe. The wind is high and I cross Hanyang, the first day is Yingmen Mountain.
There are a few people on the river, but I am alone at the end of the world. Why should we meet again and drink wine to comfort our faces?
Leaving Jingci Temple at dawn to see off Lin Zifang Song Yang Wanli
After all, the scenery of West Lake in June is different from that of the four seasons. The lotus leaves touching the sky are infinitely green, and the lotus flowers reflecting the sun are uniquely red.
"Singing Cicadas in Prison" King Luo Bin
The cicadas sing in the west, and the guests in the south want to invade. That shadow with mysterious temples comes to sing to Bai Tou.
It is difficult to fly in due to heavy dew, and it is easy to sink due to the strong wind. No one believes in Gao Jie, who can express his sincerity?
Plum Blossom Wang Anshi
There are several plum blossoms in the corner, and Ling Han blooms alone. I know it's not snow from afar, because there is a faint fragrance coming.
Green Pine Chen Yi
Heavy snow weighs on the green pine, and the green pine stands tall and straight.
You must know that the pines are noble and pure until the snow melts.
Mo Mei Wang Mian
The trees beside the inkstone washing pond in my house have blooming flowers with faint ink marks. Don't let others praise the good color, just leave the pure air to fill the universe.
Bamboo and Stone Zheng Banqiao
Stick to the green mountains and not relax, the roots are still in the broken rocks. Thousands of hammers and blows are still strong, no matter how strong the east, west, north, and south winds are.
The lime chants in Qian
Thousands of hammers and thousands of blows are thrown out of the mountains. If you take it easy to be burned by fire, you are not afraid of being shattered into pieces. You must keep your innocence. In the human world.
"Painting Chrysanthemums" by Zheng Sixiao
If the flowers bloom, the flowers will not follow each other, and the fun of independence will not be exhausted. I would rather die holding the fragrance on the branches than blow it down in the north wind.
"Chrysanthemum" Huang Chao
When autumn comes on September 8th, I will kill all the flowers after they bloom. The incense formation soaring to the sky penetrates Chang'an, and the whole city is covered with golden armor.
Inscribed on chrysanthemums, Huangchao
The whistling west wind fills the courtyard with plants, and the pistils are cold, fragrant and cold, and it is difficult for butterflies to come. If I were the Qing Emperor in his future years, I would be rewarded with peach blossoms.
Qinyuan Spring. Snow Mao Zedong
The scenery of the North Country, thousands of miles of ice, thousands of miles of snow drifting. Looking inside and outside the Great Wall, there is nothing but vastness; the rivers up and down suddenly stop flowing. The silver snake dances in the mountains, and the original wax figure wants to compete with God. It's a sunny day and it looks particularly enchanting when you look at the red dress. There are so many beauties in the country that it attracts countless heroes to bow down. I regret that Emperor Qin and Emperor Han Wu were slightly less talented in literature; Emperor Zong of Tang and Song Dynasty were slightly less elegant. The genius of the generation, Genghis Khan, only knew how to bend a bow and shoot at giant eagles. All gone, count the famous figures, but look at the present!
Join the army
Wang Changling
Qinghai long clouds dark snow mountains,
Lonely city Looking at Yumen Pass in the distance.
The yellow sand will wear the golden armor in a hundred battles,
The Loulan will never be returned until it is broken.
Guan Shan Yue
Li Bai
The bright moon rises out of the Tianshan Mountains, among the vast sea of ??clouds.
The wind blows tens of thousands of miles across Yumen Pass.
The Han Dynasty descended to the Baideng Road, and the Hu took a peek at the Qinghai Bay.
The land was conquered, but no one returned.
The garrison guests looked at the border towns, thinking about returning home with many sad faces.
The tall building is like this night, and I have no time to sigh.
Six songs (choose one)
Li Bai
In May, it snows in the mountains, but there are no flowers, only cold.
I heard broken willows in the flute, but I have never seen the spring scenery.
Watch the battle at dawn with the golden drum, sleep with the jade saddle in your arms at night.
I am willing to put my sword down from my waist to kill Loulan.
Looking at Ji Gate
Zu Yong
As soon as Yantai looked at it, the guests were frightened, and the drums and drums were noisy in the Han general's camp.
The cold light of thousands of miles creates snow, and the dawn on three sides stirs up dangerous signals.
The beacon fire on the battlefield is connected with the moon, and the clouds and mountains on the seaside embrace Jicheng.
Although the young man is not a pen official, he still wants to ask for a long tassel in terms of merit.
Nine poems for going out of the fortress (choose one)
Du Fu
When you draw your bow, you should use your strength, and when you use arrows, you should use your length.
To shoot a man, shoot a horse first; to capture a thief, capture the king first.
There is a limit to killing people, and all countries have their own borders.
If you can control the invasion of the mausoleum, how can you kill more people?
Juncheng Early Autumn
Yan Wu
Last night the autumn wind entered Hanguan,
The moon was full on the west mountain beside the shuo clouds.
More urging the flying generals to chase the arrogant captives,
Don’t send horses back on the battlefield.
Listen to the flute in Shouxiang City at night
Li Yi
The sand in front of Huile Peak is like snow,
The moon outside Shouxiang City is like frost .
I don’t know where to play the reed pipe.
I conscripted people all night long to see their hometown.
Second Song of Sai (Two Songs)
Lu Lun
The grass in the forest is frightened by the wind, and the general draws his bow at night.
I looked for the white feather in plain sight, but it was missing among the stone edges.
The wild geese fly high in the dark moon, and the Chanyu escapes in the night.
In order to drive Qingqi away, heavy snow covered the bow and knife.
Conscripting people's grievances
Liu Zhongyong
Every year the Jinhe River returns to Yuguan,
Chasing horses and saber rings.
The white snow returns to the green tomb in the third spring,
The thousands of miles of Yellow River surrounds the Black Mountains.
Yanmen Prefect Xing
Li He
Dark clouds were pressing down on the city, threatening to destroy it, and the light of armor opened towards the golden scales of the sun.
The sound of the trumpet fills the autumn sky, filled with rouge and the night is purple.
A half-rolled red flag stands near the Yishui River, but the sound of heavy frost and cold drums cannot be heard.
Report your favor on the golden platform, and guide the Jade Dragon to die for you.
Longxi Journey
Chen Tao
Swore to sweep away the Xiongnu regardless of his own safety,
Five thousand mink brocades mourned the loss of Hu Chen.
The poor bones by the Wuding River,
are like those in a spring boudoir dream.
Ji Hai years old
Cao Song
Zeguo Jiangshan enters the war map,
How can the people live in peace and happiness in Qiao Su?
Don’t talk about the matter of making a marquis.
One general can make thousands of bones wither.
Meeting the Envoy to Beijing Author: Cen Shen
Looking eastward from my hometown, the road is long and my sleeves are full of tears. We will meet soon without pen and paper, so I can rely on you to convey peace and security.
Longxi Journey Author: Chen Tao
Swearing to sweep away the Xiongnu regardless of their own safety, five thousand mink brocades were lost to Hu Chen. The poor bones by the Wuding River are like those in a spring boudoir's dream.
The Song of Climbing Youzhou Taiwan Author: Chen Ziang
The ancients have never been seen before, and the newcomers have not been seen since. Thinking about the long journey of heaven and earth, I shed tears with sadness.
Guan Shanyue Author: Li Bai
The bright moon rises out of the Tianshan Mountains, among the vast sea of ??clouds. The wind blows tens of thousands of miles across Yumen Pass.
The Han Dynasty descended to the Baideng Road, and the Hu took a peek at the Qinghai Bay. The origin of the battle was that no one returned.
The garrison guests looked at the border towns, thinking about returning home with many sad faces. The tall building is like this night, sighing is not enough.
Listening to the flute in Shouxiang City at night Author: Li Yi
The sand in front of Huile Peak is like snow, and the moon outside Shouxiang City is like frost. I don't know where to play the reed pipe, and I have to march all night to see my hometown.
Out of the Fortress Author: Wang Changling
The bright moon of the Qin Dynasty and the Pass of the Han Dynasty, the people who marched thousands of miles have not yet returned. But the flying generals of Dragon City are here, and Hu Ma is not taught to cross the Yin Mountain.
Liangzhou Song Author: Wang Han
The luminous cup of grape wine will prompt you to drink the pipa immediately. Don't laugh when you are lying drunk on the battlefield. How many people have fought in ancient times.
Liangzhou Ci Author: Wang Zhihuan
Far above the Yellow River, among the white clouds, there is an isolated city called Wanren Mountain. Why should the Qiang flute blame the willows? The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass.
Flower names in the poem
1. During the yellow plum season, it rains every house, and frogs are everywhere in the grassy pond. (Zhao Shixiu's "A Guest")
2. The lotus leaves touching the sky are infinitely green, and the lotus flowers reflecting the sun are uniquely red. (Yang Wanli's "Walking off to Lin Zifang at Dawn from Jingci Temple")
3. There is no rain cover after all the flowers are gone, but there are still proud frost branches among the chrysanthemums. (Su Shi's "To Liu Jingwen")
4. Wet clothes and bathe in the rain of apricot blossoms, and the willow wind blows on your face without chilling it. (Seng Zhinan's "Quatrains")
5. Red beans are born in the southern country, and they sprout a few branches in spring. (Wang Wei's "Lovesickness")
6. Listen to the spring rain in the small building all night, and sell apricot flowers in the deep alley in the Ming Dynasty. (Lu You's "The First Spring Rain in Lin'an")
7. The garden is full of spring scenery and can't be contained, and a branch of red apricot comes out of the wall. (Ye Shaoweng's "A Visit to the Garden Is Not Worth It")
8. It is a very unattended autumn color, half reed flower and half polygonum flower. (Huang Geng's "Jiangcun Shishi")
9. When I asked the person behind the curtain, I found that Begonia remained the same. Do you know, do you know, it should be green, red, and thin? (Li Qingzhao's "Like a Dream")
10. The plum blossoms are a little whiter than the snow, but the snow loses some of the fragrance of the plum blossoms. (Lu Meipo's "Snow Plum")
11. Wait until the Double Ninth Festival, and there will be chrysanthemums. (Meng Haoran's "Passing the Old Friend's Village")
12. The lotus leaves touching the sky are infinitely green, and the lotus flowers reflecting the sun are uniquely red. (Yang Wanli's "Walking off to Lin Zifang at Dawn from Jingci Temple")
13. Egrets fly in front of Xisai Mountain, and peach blossoms and flowing water make mandarin fish fat. (Zhang Zhihe's "Fisher's Song")
14. The rustling clothes and towels are falling, and the jujube flowers are falling, and the winding wheels are ringing in the south of the village and in the north of the village. (Su Shi's "Huanxi Sand")
15. Returning to the boat late after the excitement was over, I strayed into the depths of the lotus root. (Li Qingzhao's "Like a Dream")
16. The sweet-scented osmanthus falls when people are idle, the night is quiet and the spring mountains are empty. (Wang Wei's "Bird Song Stream")
17. If it's not a bone-chilling cold, how about the fragrance of plum blossoms? (Pei Xiu's "Ode to the Discourse in Wanlinglu Shangtang")
18. A peach blossom, a tree, and a fish are three feet long. If you are not drunk, the moonlit boat will not return. (Chen Jiru's "Spring Rain Rafting")
19. The peach blossoms and flowing water suddenly disappeared, leaving a different world than this world. (Li Bai's "Answers and Questions in the Mountains")
20. When will the swallows fly back, and the peach blossoms on the bank will bloom when dipped in water. (Xu Fu's "Spring Tour in the Lake")
21. Who is the master of the rice flowers along the way? Red dragonfly and green mantis. (Le Leifa's "Walking on the Village Road in Autumn")
22. The little lotus has just revealed its sharp corners, and a dragonfly has already stood on it. (Yang Wanli's "Little Pond")
23. It is said that Tianjia's flavor is delicious, and the rice flowers are behind the carp fertilizer. (Zhu Fengxiang's "Idle Song in the Village")
24. The moon melts in the pear blossom courtyard, and there is a gentle breeze in the catkin pond. (Yan Shu's "Medicine")
25. Plum blossoms without snow are not spiritual, while snow without poetry makes people vulgar. (Lu Meipo's "Snow Plum")
26. How can plum blossoms be so fragrant without being so cold that they can penetrate the bones. (Pei Xiu's "Wanling Record? Ode to Teaching in the Hall")
27. The lotus leaves are all cut in one color, and the hibiscus blooms on both sides of the face. (Wang Changling's "Lotus Picking Song")
28. In the Ming Dynasty, when looking at the countryside, one should see longtou plum. (Song Zhiwen's "Inscription on Dayu Lingbei Station")
29. The water filled with lotus leaves smells fragrant, and the wind in the bamboo fills the fan to cool down. (Yang Wanli's "Green Sitting Pond Pavilion")
30. Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, you can leisurely see the Nanshan Mountain. (Tao Yuanming's "Drinking")
31. The clouds rise above the sea and the plum blossoms cross the river. (Du Shenyan's "Early Spring Tour with Jinling Lu Cheng")
32. The fragrance of rice flowers speaks of a good year, and the sound of frogs is heard.
(Xin Qiji's "Moon on the Xijiang River? Walking on the Yellow Sand Road at Night")
33.