The new change of Zhenguan's poetic style is that the expression technique has changed from vigorous and simple to aristocratic and palace.
Poetry creation in the early Tang Dynasty was mainly centered on Emperor Taizong and his ministers. At the beginning, many poems were written to express one's heart, or to cherish history, vigorous and simple. The new change of Zhenguan's poetic style began with the imitation and arrangement of the melody of the Six Dynasties, but the two were not integrated before. Yang Shidao and Li Baiyao are both northern literati with strong personalities. In their early years, they were good at absorbing the artistic skills of poetry in the Southern Dynasties, and it was not easy for them to be in harmony. Later, he became a court poet of Emperor Taizong. He used poetry as a tool for singing and socializing, and pondered his expression skills. His style and interests have become more and more aristocratic and court-oriented.
The books compiled during Zhenguan period should be used to chant things, such as Bei Tang Shu Chao, Si Wen Yao Bo, and Wen Yi Lei Ju.
Edited by Yu Shinan and others, it is a poetic tool for court poets.
In the historical process of literature from opposition to integration in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Zhenguan period in the early Tang Dynasty was an important development stage.
Li Shimin (598 ~ 649) of Emperor Taizong and his northern and southern literati were the masters of Zhenguan poetry. The northern literati are mainly Guanlong scholars, and most of them are Mitchell after entering the Tang Dynasty. Their literary thoughts were deeply influenced by the Confucian thought of respecting the past and attaching importance to poetry, and they criticized Qi and Liang Wenfeng in the Southern Dynasties, but they did not deny the beauty of poetry, thus leaving room for the artistic development and new changes of Tang poetry. Wei Zhi said in the preface of Sui Shu Literature:
The business of Jiangzuo Palace is more expensive than elegance, and the righteousness of harmony is as sincere as temperament. Temperament is better than words, elegance is better than words. Profound and convenient to use when needed, cultured and suitable for singing. Therefore, the gains and losses of poets in the North and South are even greater. If you can speak clearly, simplify your sentences and combine the two advantages, then this article will be perfect.
This sober understanding of seeking different arts in North and South literature, and the proposal of "each has its own strengths and is eclectic", is an insightful view of the development direction of literature formed by Tang Taizong and his scholars during the Zhenguan period when summing up historical experience. The so-called "more expensive than elegance" is a summary of the poetry style of the Southern Dynasties, pursuing melody and rhetoric. As far as melody beauty and rhetoric beauty are concerned, being suitable for singing is its strength, but being frivolous and delicate because of emotional beauty is its weakness. "More emphasis on temperament" refers to the sincere and simple emotional strength and momentum unique to the poems of the Northern Dynasties, whose strength is chastity and strength, and the simplicity and simplicity of expression or the superiority of reasoning over words is a defect. How to express the magnificent atmosphere and healthy thoughts of the new dynasty with the beauty of the southern dynasty literature is a subject faced by poets in the early Tang Dynasty, and it is also the key to the integration of the northern and southern poetic styles.
Poetry creation in the early Tang Dynasty was mainly centered on Emperor Taizong and his ministers. At the beginning, he mostly expressed his ambition or recited history, which was vigorous and unpretentious. The new change of Zhenguan's poetic style began with the imitation and compilation of the melody rhetoric of the Six Dynasties. In Tang Taizong's poems, the prosperous embrace often coexists with China talents. For example, in the poem "Breaking the Snow and Living in the Battlefield" written in the fourth year of Zhenguan (630), it said: "I was strong in the past and raised my brother in the first battle. The heart is as high as the sky, and the ambition is as clean as the autumn frost. " Ziggy is full of energy and heroism. However, the couplets in the poem "Waves wear clear water, peaks and fogs hold lotus faint" have traces of rhetoric carved in the Six Dynasties, which is quite out of harmony with the style of the whole poem. Some of his poems, such as Picking Hibiscus, Chanting Rain and Chanting Snow, etc. , completely is the style of the southern dynasties. Yang Shidao and Li Baiyao are both northern literati with strong personalities. In their early years, they were good at absorbing the artistic skills of poetry in the Southern Dynasties, and it was not easy for them to be in harmony. Yang Shidao's Long Tap Water, Feng Hesheng's Spring Looking at the Sea and Li Baiyao's Yong Huai are all successful works. However, they later became highly respected court poets of Emperor Taizong. They use poetry as a tool for singing and socializing, and ponder their own expression skills. Although they are more and more sophisticated in the use of melody and rhetoric, they are more and more aristocratic and court-like in style and interest.
The palace tendency of Zhenguan's poetic style has a lot to do with the influence of Southern Dynasties culture. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, is a monarch who loves literature and art. There are more than 50 poems by Emperor Taizong, which should be lyrical at the right time. Good things in the world will be bad in the afterlife. Books compiled by Yu Shinan and others, such as Book Tide in Beitang, Si Wen Yao Bo and Literary Lei Ju, have become the tools for court poets to write poems, so that when they recite things, they can collect words and events and write beautiful and elegant poems. This was originally a habit of literati writing poems in the Southern Dynasties, which was reflected in the works of Yu Shinan, Xu and others. Xu's poems, in particular, pay attention to antithesis, are beautiful and lifeless, and lack beautiful emotional implication.
In the later period of Zhenguan poetry, between Zhenguan and Longshuo, an important poet Shangguan Yi appeared, forming an "official style" of poetry.
Shangguan Yi (608? ~ 644), a native of Shanzhou (now Shanxian County, Henan Province). At the beginning of Zhenguan, he was a scholar and was called a straight bachelor in Hong Wen Pavilion. Emperor Gaozong's Sanpin Xitai Assistant Minister had a high status and was very famous at that time.
Shangguan Yi's poems written in Zhenguan period stand out because of his devotion to work and beautiful scenery. For example, the couplet "Scenery Reveals, Snow Opens the Sky" in Guilin Palace in Early Spring shows the poet's outstanding landscape writing skills and his ability to construct Ming Xiu's vivid poetic environment. Another example is "Night in Fenghe Mountain":
The temple account is clear and the road contains autumn yin. The wind blows the Han building, and the water flows in. Yun Fei sent the goose away, and the forest on the moon was clear. Dewdrops and branches are ticking, and the air is filled with smoke and valleys.
Although this poem is a work of peace, the poet intends to get rid of the old habit of picking up words from books, pay attention to careful observation of the scenery and cast new words with vivid colors. Through the dynamic changes of search, write euphemistic feelings, thus forming a poetic realm where feelings are hidden inside and exposed outside. This kind of poem with exquisite brushwork and elegant style has greatly promoted the skill of writing scenery in five-character poems and become a new poetic style that people imitate. The five-character work "Legend of the Old Tang Dynasty: Shangguan Yi" is good at making mistakes and flattering, and its instrument is expensive, so many people learned its style at that time, so it was called official style. "