First, the theory of "chanting temperament". Zhong Rong has a profound understanding of the relationship between poetry and people's feelings, and puts forward:
The beast of Qi is touching, so it shakes its temperament and dances.
According to the candle, there are all kinds of splendor, and the spirit only waits for it, and you can say it with it. Moving heaven and earth, feeling ghosts and gods, not close to poetry.
These words show that poetry originates from "Qi". "Qi" is first of all a natural and physical qi, which acts on external things to make it change, on people to form air, and on literature to form literary, physical and spiritual spirit. The creative subject feels the changes of external things and produces emotional turmoil in his heart, thus forming poetry. So through this sentence, we can see Zhong Rong's view on the essence of poetry, that is, poetry expresses people's feelings and is the product of people's feelings. "Moving heaven and earth, feeling ghosts and gods, not close to poetry." Explain that poetry can turn into human feelings in turn. This sentence originally came from The Preface to Poetry, but there is also a sentence of "positive gain and loss" in The Preface to Poetry, which Zhong Rong deleted, because "positive gain and loss" has the color of political enlightenment, which shows that Zhong Rong particularly emphasizes the poet's own emotional world and personality quality. It is precisely because Zhong Rong emphasizes the true feelings and naturalness of natural feelings that he opposes the metaphysical poems with "reasonable words" and the use of too many allusions in his poems.
Secondly, Zhong Rong's sense of things contains the meaning of real life. The reason why the poet's temperament is shaken should be the touch and feeling of nature and social life on the poet.
Third, the theory of "looking straight into the eyes" and "natural English purpose". Zhong Rong advocates that nature is the highest aesthetic principle in poetry creation, and puts forward the theories of "seeking the purpose directly" and "natural English purpose"
As far as talking about family ties is concerned, why is it expensive to use things? "Thinking of you like running water" is not only the immediate goal; "High platform hates Taiwan", which is just what you can see; There is no reason to "go to the first place in the morning"; "The bright moon shines on the snow" reveals the classics and history. Throughout the ancient and modern times, most of them are true, and they are all straight.
The so-called "direct search" means looking for good words and expressions directly from the emotional feelings of things ("things" refers to the natural scenery and world experience mentioned above), rather than looking for words and expressions in previous allusions or poems. The creation of poetry comes from the inspiration of "things" and the stimulation of "feelings". Zhong Rong cited four examples of poems to show that they are not from books such as allusions and classics, but from "direct search". In fact, this is to advocate expressing true feelings in simple and natural language. On the contrary, a poem that likes to use ancient books for allusions and words loses its "natural English purport". Zhong Rong further specified:
When Daming and Taishi were in office, almost all articles were copied from books. Close to Ren Fang, Wang Yuan and other places. Words are not expensive, strive for new things, come to the author, and immerse yourself in customs. Therefore, there are no empty words in the sentence and no empty words in the language. However, the purpose of nature is not worth it. If a word loses its height, it should be added with meaning. Although it is thanks to geniuses and scholars, it is also reasonable.
The essence of the theory of "seeking for the purpose directly" and "natural English purpose" is the same, which mainly includes the following connotations:
Emphasize sincere feelings. Since poetry is mainly lyrical, it should be sincere and cannot have false emotional expression; Poetry is about expressing feelings. In order to express sincere feelings, we should oppose the school of writing (the school of using classics) and the school of temperament, and focus on lyricism. He said: "It is better to make up for falsehood than to look at the past and the present. They are all seeking directly." "Direct search" means writing scenery and expressing feelings directly without borrowing classics. The theory of "seeking directly" is the core of Zhong Rong's literary thought. Zhong Rong advocates that poetry should be "direct", that is, direct lyric narration, which provides a theoretical basis for later generations to oppose formalistic poetry style. Zhong Rong's theory of direct search reveals three characteristics of artistic thinking in poetry creation: directness. Direct dialogue with things in the intuitive perception center, without the intermediary of logical reasoning; Visualization. Because the perception of foreign objects does not need to be expressed by concepts, but more by images. This makes image thinking included in "direct search"; Fit. In the process of direct search, the subject and object directly talk and blend into one, and the emotion of the creative subject is in harmony with the object to be expressed, so it can be "dancing".