1. Does Mochou Nu really exist in history?
Mochou Nu, a Chinese folk legend, was a singer and dancer of the Chu State at the end of the Warring States Period.
A native of Zhongxiang, Hubei, named Mochou, was born around the 3rd century BC. He was as beautiful as an immortal and loved singing and dancing. When she was sixteen or seventeen years old, she was conscripted into the palace by King Qingxiang of Chu and became a singing and dancing girl.
From this, folk songs and dances entered the court of the King of Chu. In the Chu Palace, he got to know Qu Yuan, Song Yu, and Jing Chai and received their guidance, and his singing and dancing skills improved day by day.
Later, the ancient tunes were integrated into the songs of Qu Yuan and Song Yu and the music of Chu Ci to complete "White Snow in Spring", "People from Lower Liba", "Yang'a", "Xie Lu", "Plucking Wei" Chu Ci and folk music and poems such as "Song" and "Maixiu Song" are sung in songs. The virtuosic song "Spring White Snow" has become an eternal masterpiece and has had a profound impact on the spread of music and music in later generations.
Later, because his fiancé exiled Sanwu from Yangzhou, he threw himself into the Han River. Fortunately, he was rescued by a fisherman, but his whereabouts were unknown. 2. What are the legends about Mochou Nu in history?
There are many different versions and legends of Mochou Nu in different eras in history. Therefore, we cannot say with certainty which era Mochou Nu is from. However, the earliest legends about Mochou Nu came out after Qu Yuan's "Mountain Ghost" and "Thinking of Beauty". Let’s start from the Warring States Period where Qu Yuan lived. Mochou Nu was the daughter of Lu Gong, a fisherman on the Han River who made a living by fishing and boating. Mochou Nu’s mother was a peasant woman who planted mulberry and peach trees. . But this extremely ordinary family began to become different with the birth of Mochou Nu and her growing up. The reason why Mochou was called "Mochou" is said to be because she cried non-stop after she was born. Her father Lu Gong said: "Stop crying, don't cry, don't cry! Don't be sad, don't be sad." ! Mo Chou, Mo Chou!" Several words were used to persuade little Mo Chou to stop crying, but when little Mo Chou heard the word "Mo Chou", he immediately stopped crying, which made Mr. Lu Amazed. So, Mr. Lu decided to call his daughter Mochou from now on. His daughter and Mochou were very destined.
A person's name has an indescribable "destiny", and this is the fate of Mochou Nu.
She was born in an ordinary family, but as she grew older, Mochou's appearance became more outstanding, and her reputation gradually spread. Sometimes, Mochou is picking lotus flowers in the Canglang Lake. Sometimes Mochou goes to the market with her parents to sell peaches. Sometimes she is responsible for rowing a boat. Mochou has loved dancing and singing since she was a child, and she is extremely talented in this area. Mochou Nu has a clear voice, and she can immediately learn the popular songs in Chu and Ying as long as she listens to them once.
Because of her reputation in songs, Mochou Nu even had an encounter with Qu Yuan, our great romantic poet. Qu Yuan was a master of poetry. With Qu Yuan's guidance and Song Yu's teaching, Mochou Nu's ability in singing improved rapidly. She also completed the composition of the famous song "Yangchun Baixue" and spread it. King Chu Xiang heard about Mochou's beauty and singing skills, so he forcibly summoned her to the palace to become a singing and dancing girl, and separated Mochou and her fiancé Wang Xiang. After Mochou Nu watched Brother Wang Xiang leave for Yangzhou, she was heartbroken and came to the Han River and jumped into the river.
In the above story, both Qu Yuan and King Xiang of Chu are involved. It is not difficult for us to guess that this period should be the middle and late Warring States Period. In other words, Mochou Nu, who was mentored by Qu Yuan, was a historical figure during the period of King Xiang of Chu.
There is another story, which happened during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, about Mochou Nu. Mochou Nu is the heroine of this story, but her status is very humble. She is a new fire girl in the Zhongshan Palace of the Ming Dynasty. In fact, Mochou's daughter was originally the daughter of a young minister in the court. Mochou's father was framed by an adulterer, so the whole family was implicated and everyone was executed.
Mo Chou was sold by the government to the Prince of Zhongshan, so she could meet the male protagonist Xu Cheng. Because she is a new slave and a maid who sets fire, Mochou does not have a name. By chance, Xu Cheng, the son of the Prince of Zhongshan, discovered that Mochou was very smart and could rarely read and draw, so he kept her by his side as a reading companion.
Mochou's family has experienced tremendous changes, so she is often unhappy and melancholy. Xu Cheng named her "Mochou". In fact, Xu Cheng first met Mochou Nu on his grandmother's birthday. He fell in love with Mochou Nu at that time. Later, he also deliberately transferred Mochou Nu to his side to serve her. The two get along every day and love each other.
One day, Xu Cheng’s teacher went out to date a friend, so Xu Cheng took Mochou Nu to the lake in the garden for boating. Xu Cheng expressed his feelings to Mochou Nu on the boat. While Mochou Nu was moved, she also revealed to Xu Cheng her identity as the daughter of the guilty minister. The two have a private life-long commitment, but their family background has become their biggest obstacle. Xu Cheng's grandmother heard about Xu Cheng and Mo Chou's affair. She strongly opposed the matter and forced Xu Cheng to marry Qiu Caiyun, the daughter of Prime Minister Qiu. On the wedding day, Xu Cheng found Mochou Nu and wanted to elope with her. After Xu Cheng left, Mo Chou was beaten half to death by the old lady.
Qiu Caiyun heard about this and deceived Mo Chou, saying that Xu Cheng was seriously ill and needed a pair of eyes for medicine.
In order to save Xu Cheng, Mochounu dug out her own eyes, and finally committed suicide with hatred. Xu Cheng knew that Mochou's daughter was dead and did not want to live alone, so he died for his love. 3. What historical allusions does Mochou have?
Mochou is famous for her songs and dances.
"Rong Zhai Essays" said: "Mochou was a native of Shicheng, Yingzhou. Today, there is a painter in Mochou Village in Ying. It is said that those who are good-looking and good-looking often write about them and send them to far away." The Mochou girl is seen in official history, from In ancient times, there were "Yuefu", "Shicheng Music" and "Mochou Music".
"Tang Shu. Le Zhi" contains: ""Stone City" was written by Zang Zhi of the Song Dynasty. The stone city is in Jingling, and Zhichang is called Jingling County. Looking from the city, I saw a group of young people singing smoothly. Gu composed this song.
""Mo Chou Le" comes from "Stone City Music". There is a girl named Mochou in Quartz Bell City who is good at singing ballads. The sound of "Moxi" appears again in "Shicheng Le. He", so the song goes: Where is Mochou? To the west of Mochou's stone city, the boat hit two oars to urge Mochou to come.
In the winter of the eleventh year of Tianjian (512), Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty changed the "Western Music" to Shicheng's "Mo Chou Nu" and Yiyun's "Barbarian Music". There were 16 old dancers and eight Liang dancers. Many legends about Mochou Nu also spread from Western Chu to Soochow.
In Zhongxiang, there are places of interest such as Mochou Village, Mochou Lake, and Mochou Ferry. Wang Zhiwang of the Song Dynasty said in "Yu Di Ji Sheng": "Mochou Village is to the west of the Han River. There are many peach blossoms on the ground. The flowers fall in late spring and the flowing water is fragrant.
"Zhongxiang County Chronicles. Historic Sites" Chapter : "Mochou Village is located two miles west of Han Dynasty. The ancient Han River passed through the city site. To the west is the village, where Mochou lives. There is a lake in the north of the city, adjacent to the village, called Mochou Lake." There are thousands of these places of interest Over the years, it has been a wonderful place that literati of all ages have admired and visited.
The village where Mochou girl lives was not originally called Mochou Village. Because the peach blossoms bloom every year and are as red as clouds, people habitually call it Peach Blossom Village. Mochou Lake, adjacent to Mochou Village, was called Canglang Lake in ancient history.
Taohua Village faces the Snow Tower on the cliff at the west gate of Yingzhong Shicheng City and Yangchuntai in the east of the building across the river. The Canglang Three Lakes in the north of the city are adjacent to the village across the river. Mochou's father, Lu Gong, made a living by ferrying people on the Han River, while her mother planted mulberries and peaches in the village.
On a stormy day in the early years of King Xiang of Chu, Mo Chou was born in a cabin at the ferry on the bank of the river at the head of Taohua Village. When she was just born, she kept crying. Mr. Lu hugged her and coaxed her: "Don't cry, don't cry, don't be sad, don't be sad, don't worry, don't worry!" When she heard the word "Mochou", she started crying. The sound suddenly stopped.
Mr. Lu then named her Mochou. "Jinqueyu scratches her head, she was born to call Mochou.
"(Ming. Zhang Ning) Mochou girl is in the storm, walking in the wind and waves, drinking the water from the Han River, eating the food from Taohua Village, sometimes Along with the sisters in the village, I picked water chestnuts and lotus in the rippling blue Canglang Lake. Sometimes I went to the city with my parents to sell peaches. She has a sweet and clear voice, and she can learn all kinds of songs in Yingzhong instantly.
When she grew up to fifteen or sixteen years old, she was like a hibiscus in Canglang Lake, with a slender waist, slim legs, dimples, tasseled lips with a smile, and a fragrant face. The new petals of the lotus are white and rosy; the movement is like the wind sending colorful clouds, light and elegant; the golden voice sings the jade, and the colorful sleeves spit out the rainbow. The lotus bag breathes good air, and the river waves surge with the sound of jade. With the guidance and help of Qu Yuan and Song Yu, Mo Chou Nu reinterprets the ancient tunes and blends them with the music of Chu Ci. Following the great piano master Liu Juanzi, she completes the oligarchy classic "White Snow in Spring" The music is sung.
Mo Chou's reputation for singing and dancing spread to the palace of the King of Chu. King Chu Xiang conscripted her into the palace as a singing and dancing girl, and banished her fiancé, Wang Xiang brother from the east, to Yangzhou. Yangzhou is thousands of miles away from Yingzhong. Brother Xiang's departure is really a matter of life and death.
The ancient "Mochou Le" records the sad scene of Mochou's daughter tearfully bidding farewell to Brother Wang Xiang on the Han River: "Wearing joy, we went down to Yangzhou and saw each other off at the top of Chu Mountain. We put our arms around our waists and saw that the river would not flow!" "The surging snow waves of the Han River could not drain away the worries of Mochou's clothes. She watched the boat carrying Brother Xiang go away, and with anger in the white snow tower, she rushed to the Han River! In order to commemorate her, people renamed Taohua Village to Mochou Village and Canglang Lake to Mochou Lake. The Jitou Ferry under the Baixue Tower where she tied a boat to climb the rock was called Mochou Ferry. "There is no sorrow when we are separated, and there is no joy when we get to know each other.
"(Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs. Young Commander") Legend has it that Mochou's daughter did not actually die. She was rescued by a fisherman in the Han River. I searched for traces of Qu Yuan, and also searched for Brother Wang Xiang. I went boating in the rivers and lakes, but there was no trace, and I really returned to the people. "Mochou Music" sings: "Every family welcomes Mochou, everyone says Mochou, and the word "Mochou Song" just hits my heart!" Thousands of generations later have chanted Mochou Girl, Mochou Village, Mochou Lake, and Mochou. The poems, lyrics, songs and rhymes of Choudu, Yangchuntai and Baixuelou vividly record the deeds of Mochou Nu.
For example, Li Shangyin's poem of the Tang Dynasty: "Who can find the flowers in the snow? There are ten thousand branches of plum blossoms and snow. If there are no boats in the stone city, don't worry about it.
"Zheng Gu of the Tang Dynasty Poem: "Stone City used to be a place where no one is homesick, no souls are scattered around the city. The sails are gone and the wind is vast, and the flowers are blooming and withering. The spring is desolate." Wang Wang's poem: "Don't be homesick at Canglang Ferry, thousands of trees are falling in the cold smoke." Frost, cherishing it makes you pay attention to the guests, and a bottle of waste wine makes you drunk in the setting sun.
"Song Zhoumi's "Xinghuatian. Fu Mochou": "The auspicious clouds are on the plate, and the green is intruding on the forehead; the eyebrows are tender. , can't help but worry about accumulation.
Who returns to the soul and dyes the east wind pen to write the spring scenery in Yingzhong? After people left, the setting sun turned green; singing and dancing dreams left no trace.
Sadness follows the two oars north and south of the river, and the wind is strong in Stone City at dusk. "Ming Dynasty. Wang Shizhen's poem: "Leaning on the whip and white-nosed cauldron, crossing the green peach blossoms, I have no time to ask questions during my travels, so I first visit Mochou's home.
"Liu Zehong's poem of the Qing Dynasty:" On the west bank of Shicheng Lake Mochou, who knew that Lu was a woman in those days? Send your sorrow to Mochou Lake, send your sorrow to Mochou and send nothing away. "Looking at the Peach Blossoms in Mochou Village" by Li Su of the Qing Dynasty: "Mochou, the beauty of the South, has grown up in Fangzhou to this day. The soul is tempered and does not allow the spring breeze to rest, and the peach blossoms are scattered in pieces." ”
Poetry and prose are widely spread and praised, leaving a lasting fragrance on both people and land, just like Yangchun Terrace, Baixue Tower, the elegant famous song "Yangchun Baixue" and Song Yu, Mochou Village, Mochou Lake, Mochou Then, together with Mochou Nu, they became famous throughout the ages. The Han River flowed close to the Yingzhong Stone City; the Mochou Lake had thousands of acres of blue water.
With the changes of the times. , Hanjiang moved westward five miles away from the city; Mochou Lake also underwent corresponding changes. "The Prefectures and Countries in the World" recorded: "The old route of the Han River forced its way down the county town. In the early years of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, new floods surrounded it. Along the east side of Shanwan, it is a long way to the city.
"Zhongxiang County Chronicles. Fang Yu" records: "Since the founding of the tomb, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty was confused by the theory of Feng Shui and blocked Aokou, forcing the Han River to move south. The Ao River has entered the Han Dynasty from the Zhihe River. No more reaching Mochou Lake. "Mochou Lake, which originally spanned the east and west banks of the Han River, and Mochou Village, where peach blossoms bloomed, are now on the east bank of the Han River.
Wenji Town, which is now on the west bank of the Han River, still retains the old customs of the Chu Dynasty. There are peach trees along the river, and the totem dance "Phoenix" of Chu State has been inherited. 4. Mochou and Mochou Lake Mochou
Introduction to Mochou Lake There are two famous Mochou Lakes in China. In the west of the Qinhuai River in Nanjing, one in Zhongxiang, Hubei.
It commemorates two women who are both "Mochou"! 1. Mochou Lake in Nanjing Mochou Lake is located in the west of the Qinhuai River in Nanjing. The park is a famous classical garden in the south of the Yangtze River with a long history of 1,500 years and rich cultural resources. It is a scenic spot in the Six Dynasties.
The park currently covers an area of ??58.36 hectares, of which 32 are water surface. > 36 hectares. The buildings, pavilions, pavilions and pavilions in the garden are arranged in a staggered manner, with weeping willows on the embankments and crabapples in the water.
Shengqi Tower, Yujin Hall, Water Pavilion, Baoyue Tower, winding corridors, etc. are hidden among the rocks. In the shade of pines, bamboos, flowers and trees, Mochou Lake has been known as "the first lake in the south of the Yangtze River", "the first scenic spot in Jinling", and "the first of the forty-eight scenic spots in Jinling".
Mochou Lake was known as Heng in ancient times. The pond is also called Shicheng Lake because it is located near Stone City. According to legend, during the Southern Qi Dynasty, there was a girl named Mochou from Luoyang who married into the Lu family from Jiangdong because of her poverty.
Mochou was dignified. She was virtuous and helpful. In order to commemorate her, later generations renamed Shicheng Lake Mochou Lake. Later, a two-meter-high white marble statue was built in the lotus pond next to the Lotus Appreciation Hall of her former residence, Yujin Hall. One of Nanjing’s iconic attractions
2. Zhongxiang Mochou Lake “Where is Mochou? To the west of Mochou's stone city, the boat hit two oars to urge Mochou to come. "In the north of Zhongxiang City, there is a clear blue water as clear as a mirror. This is Mochou Lake, which has been famous for thousands of years.
There are hundreds of beautiful islands on the lake, and the water and sky are the same color. On the Yangchun Baixue Island, the Baixue Tower and Yangchun Terrace are separated by the water. Looking at each other, it seems that Mo Chou has reappeared; singing and dancing in the Lantai Palace are peaceful, and King Xiang is drinking and having fun, reappearing the charm of the Chu Kingdom.
On the Lower Liba Island, men farm and women weave, fish and hunt, and folk songs are brilliant and full of love. Tao Tao. The military field island, with roaring guns and bursts of killing, is thrilling and fascinating! On the shore of Mochou Lake, peach blossoms bloom in spring every year; in summer and autumn, girls gather in groups and sing across the lake. , picking water chestnuts and lotus flowers.
Legend of Mochou Lake Mochou Lake is located on the west side of the bridge outside Shuiximen. It is named after a beautiful legend that Mochou is a hard-working, kind, beautiful and smart man from Luoyang, Henan. A girl from a poor family.
When she was 15 years old, her father died of illness and she had to sell herself to bury him. It happened that Lu Yuanwai, who lived by the lake in Shicheng, Jiankang, was in Luoyang. Seeing that Mochou was beautiful and smart, he bought her as his daughter-in-law.
After Mochou buried her father, she bid farewell to her mother in tears and went south. Soon, the northern frontier was invaded by enemy troops, and her husband was drafted to guard the border. Unexpectedly, there was no news from the simple Mochou for ten years. He was highly praised by his neighbors for his good deeds of helping others in need.
However, when his father-in-law opposed him, he framed him and threw himself into the city lake to show his resistance to future generations. Because of his sorrow, he changed the name of the place where he lived and Shicheng Lake to Mochou Lake. 5. What is the final outcome of the beautiful girl Mochou in history? Qu Yuan finally threw himself into the Miluo River and died, becoming the ancestor of poetry. Then she died. Mo Chou Nu's deep love for Zhao Tian and Earth made her unwilling to stay in the palace. It is said that she went boating on the river, and few people know her whereabouts. Mo Chou Nu has a long history and legend. There are also records in "Le Zhi"
There are three versions of Mochou Nu that are spread in the world today.
Yingzhou Shicheng. Mochou Nu. The ancient city of Zhongxiang in Yingzhou, now known as Zhongxiang, was once a stone city garrison of the Wu State. It was called Shicheng in the past dynasties. The historical evidence of Mochou Nu in Zhongxiang Stone City was first seen in the Southern Dynasties. "Song Book".
During the Yuanjia period of the Southern Dynasty, Zang Zhi served as the governor of Jingling County. He said, "When I climbed to Shicheng, I saw a group of young people singing Mochou ballads, so I wrote "Stone City Music" and "Mochou Music" to chant Mochou stories." Both "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" and "Old Book of Tang Dynasty·Le Zhi" written by Liu Yu of the later Jin Dynasty said: ""Mochou Le" comes from "Shicheng Le". There is a woman named Mochou in Shicheng who is good at singing, and there is another one in Shicheng Lehe.' Mo Chou's voice, so the song goes: Where is Mo Chou? To the west of Shicheng, the boat is driving with two oars, urging Mo Chou to come." "Yu Di Ji Sheng" says: "Mochou Village is located to the west of the Han River. There are many peach blossoms on the ground. The flowers fall in late spring and the flowing water is fragrant." "Wenwen Tongkao" says: "The woman from Shicheng is named Mochou, and she is good at singing ballads." "Rong Zhai Essays" also says: "Mochou was a native of Shicheng, Yingzhou. There is Mochou Village in Yingzhou today. Painters passed down their appearance, and those who did good things often wrote about them and sent them far away." Many legends about Mochou Nu also spread from Western Chu to Soochow. In Zhongxiang, there are places of interest such as Mochou Village, Mochou Ferry, and Mochou Lake. "Zhongxiang County Chronicles. Historic Sites" contains: "Mochou Village is located two miles west of Han Dynasty. The ancient Han River passed through the city site. To the west is the village, where Mochou lives. There is a lake in the north of the city, adjacent to the village, called Mochou Lake. ".
Version 2
Luoyang Mochou Girl. The famous poet Li Shangyin has a poem about her: "I have heard from overseas that I have been to Jiuzhou, and I am not sure whether he will live or die... How can I be the emperor in the fourth century and not be as good as the Lu family with Mo Chou." The "Mo Chou" in the poet's writing is really A "word-solving flower". Emperor Wu of Liang also wrote a poem about her, which was more specific. The name of the poem is: "Song in the River": "The water from the east of the river flows eastward, and the daughter of Luoyang is named Mochou. Mochou can weave silk at the age of thirteen, and pick mulberries from the south at the age of fourteen." On the street. Married to the wife of the Lu family at the age of fifteen... There are twelve gold hairpins on her head, five threads of silk shoes on her feet, and a flat-headed slave holding a shoe box. Wang. "Here is a description of Mochou's birthplace, life experience, and family background.
Version 3
Nanjing Mochou Girl was not recorded in writing until the Song Dynasty. The earlier one is Zhou Meicheng's Yuefu "West River". Hong Mai questioned this matter in "Rong Zhai Essays". It seems that Zhou Meicheng confused "Stone City" with "Stone City". There are indeed misunderstandings about the name of Shicheng in history. Huang Rubai's "Shicheng Kao" in the Qing Dynasty said: "There are two Shicheng, one in Wu and one in Chu. The one in Wu has a stone mountain in Jinling. It governs the west of the government and is based on the mountain. The city was named Stone City. "In Chu, the three sides of Ying's Yongji were built by nature. The stone wall to the west is particularly majestic. Because the stone was a city, it was also called Stone City. It was built by the governor of Xiangyang at Yanghu in Jin Dynasty." "General Interpretation of Geography" says: "Yingzhou Zicheng has built-in foundations on three sides, with cliffs to the west and the Han River below. This is the name of the stone city." It can be seen that Shicheng is now the ancient city of Zhongxiang Yingzhong in Hubei Province. The world may think that Stone City is today's Nanjing, mistaking "Stone City" for "Stone City". This misunderstanding was caused by Zhou Bangyan. The Song Dynasty poet wrote in "Xihe·Jinling Nostalgia": Beautiful land, who remembers the prosperous times of the Southern Dynasties... The trees on the cliffs, don't worry about the boats once tied. "The lyrics are beautifully written, but the location is wrong. Regarding Zhou Bangyan's negligence, Hong Mai of the Southern Song Dynasty had already pointed out in "Rong Zhai Essays": "Mochou was a native of Shicheng, Yingzhou. Today there is Mochou Village in Yingzhou. . ...In modern times, Zhou Meicheng (Bang Yan)'s Yuefu "Xihe" has a line dedicated to Jinling, saying "Don't worry about the boat once tied to it". Could it be that he mistakenly refers to Stone City as Stone City? ". It is precisely because of the misunderstanding of the name Shicheng that some people mistook Mochou, who was originally from Chu, for Wu. As evidence, "The Diary of the Northern Expedition" has "Shicheng Song" saying: "The Mochou family is here. In the west of Shicheng, flowers bloom and orioles sing every year. "The gate of Han River is infinitely green, and I send you two oars across Tanxi River." It is inseparable from Nanjing's economic development and its enjoyment of numerous intellectual resources.