Summary of works
Dr Faust is over half a century old, but he is still stuck in his own research. He is tired of books and knowledge, and even tired of this lifestyle. He felt that nature and life were calling him.
At this time, Mephistopheles, the demon, took advantage of the situation and made a contract with Faust: he would serve as Faust's servant and meet all Faust's requirements. Once Faust is satisfied, his soul will always belong to him.
After signing the contract, Faust first took an aphrodisiac, regained his youth and then seduced a naive and beautiful family, Jasper Ge Li Qing, so that Ge Li Qing lost his mother, brother and illegitimate child, and finally became a madman and was finally killed in the execution ground. Then Faust experienced life in the palace. He not only met the beautiful Helen, but also married her and gave birth to his son O 'Fuliang. Everything is fleeting, my son is gone, and Helen is gone. Faust devoted himself to the civil war, won the war with the help of Mephisto fellers's magic, and got the fief by the sea. Faust has made great achievements in reclamation, and the idea of building a utopian paradise here came into being. By this time, Faust was over 100 years old. He looked forward to "free people living in free land". Although he is blind, his heart is full of a premonition of happiness. At this time, he couldn't help crying: "You are so beautiful, please stay!"
According to the contract, the soul of the satisfied Faust should belong to the demon Mephistopheles. But the gods of heaven came and connected Faust's soul to the sky.
selected works
Scene 2: The inner court of the castle
Surrounded by rich medieval fantasy buildings.
Chorus captain, you thoughtless, stupid women!
We can only control it now and let the climate work.
For better or worse! Are you interested in both?
Can't handle it calmly. There are always people who are interested in others.
Fierce opposition, others refute;
Happy or sad, laughing and crying are all the same tune.
Now shut up! Listen, listen to our queen.
What a noble decision it is for her and us.
Helen, where are you, Pitoni? No matter what your name is;
Get out of the vault of this dark castle.
If you go to the incredible British Lord,
Report that I'm here and tell him to get ready to meet me.
I'd appreciate it. Take me to him.
I really want to end my wandering life. I really want to be quiet.
Chorus leader queen, you always look around in vain;
The ugly woman has disappeared. Maybe she is trapped.
We don't know how to get there in the fog over there.
I came here. I came soon, but I didn't move around.
Maybe she is in this wonderful building composed of many buildings.
Hesitantly wandering on the lost road of integrated castle,
Meet the Lord and ask the Wangs to welcome the ceremony.
Looking up, there are already many people crowded together.
In the cloister, at the window, at the door, everyone
Walking around, many servants;
This shows that they are preparing to give a grand welcome to the distinguished guests.
How happy I am to sing in chorus! Please look over there,
A large group of excellent young people lined up,
With a leisurely pace, respectfully,
Come down gracefully. Who gave the order?
Call these handsome young people
Team up so early, arrival?
What is the cutest? Is it an elegant step?
Is it curly hair floating on the bright temples?
Or those heart-shaped cheeks?
There's fur on it.
I really want to take a bite, but I'm afraid;
Because I was cheated, it only filled my mouth.
It's all gray. It's really disgusting!
But the most beautiful
Has come;
What did you bring?
The steps of the throne,
Felts and chairs,
Curtains and canopies
Something.
It floated in.
On our queen's head,
Like a lucky cloud,
She was received,
Sitting on a gorgeous chair cushion.
Come here,
brick by brick
Carefully arrange.
Should, should, should double.
Bless such a welcome!
Step by step according to the chorus.
Faust appeared on the steps after the teenagers and waiters lined up, and walked down slowly and solemnly in medieval knight court clothes.
The captain of the chorus (looking at him intently)
If god is not ordinary, just
In a very short time, this amazing gesture,
This noble behavior, this lovely style,
Give it to him temporarily, so whatever he does,
It will succeed every time, whether it's fighting with men,
Or have a little confrontation with beautiful women.
I have met many people who are highly praised.
I think he is really better than many people.
Look at the king calmly, seriously and respectfully,
Walk at a calm pace; Turn around and salute, queen!
Faust (walking around with a tied man)
I should pay high tribute to you,
A respectful welcome, but now you brought it.
The slave was tied tightly with chains,
His dereliction of duty made me very unpopular.
Kneel here! Dedicated to this noble queen.
Confess your crimes.
My noble mistress, this man
With a rare eye, I sent him to guard.
Looking around from the tower, the sky in the distance,
The vast land should be keenly scouted,
See what should be reported here and there,
From hills to strong castles in valleys,
What's going on, whether it's cattle or sheep?
Or maybe enemy soldiers; The former should be protected,
The latter wants to meet. How careless he is today!
You came, he didn't report; I failed to.
Do my duty and welcome respectfully.
Such a distinguished guest. He boldly lost it.
His own life should let him lie in a pool of blood.
Accept the deserved death penalty; But only you.
You can punish him or forgive him at will.
Helen, you gave me such a high position,
Call me judge, call me mistress, as I say.
Speculation is nothing more than trying my skill;
I'll do the judge's first job,
Listen to the defendant's defense first. Tell me!
Lynceus, the tower keeper, told me to kneel down to pay my respects.
Let me die, let me live,
I feel sorry for this godsend woman,
She is completely at her mercy.
I spy on the east,
Waiting for the joy of sunrise,
I can't believe the incredible sun.
But suddenly it rises from the south.
I turned my eyes over there,
No canyons, no hills,
Don't look at the earth, don't look at Liaotian,
Only visit the only sun.
Like a bobcat in a big tree,
I have a keen eye,
Now I have to look at it with difficulty.
It's like waking up from a coma
I'm a little elusive,
Battlements? Tower? A closed door?
The fog is blurred, the fog disappears,
The goddess appeared unexpectedly.
Look at her, treat her with your heart,
I absorb her soft light;
This dazzling beauty and brilliance,
Stabbing blinded me.
I forgot my duty,
Forget the trumpet part;
Please be strict and let me die.
Beauty can extinguish all anger.
Helen's fault is caused by me, and I can't do it.
Punishment. I'm so unlucky! outrageous fortune
Pestering me and putting men's hearts everywhere
So obsessed that they can't care about themselves,
Can't think about anything big. Always robbing,
Seduce, fight, run around with it,
Demigods, heroes, gods and even evil spirits,
They all took me wandering around.
When you are single, you disturb the world, and when you are double, it is even worse;
Now triploid, tetraploid, worse.
Take this good man away and let him go;
People who are deceived by God are not ashamed.
Queen Faust, I was also surprised to see.
An accurate shooter and a person who shoots arrows;
I saw the bow and shot the arrow of love.
Shoot him. One arrow after another.
I was shot, too. I miss the castle
Arrows are flying everywhere and gongs are everywhere.
What am I? You are in a flash.
Let my loyalty betray, let my walls
Unstable. I'm already worried about my army.
Will obey your invincible wife.
What's my good plan, besides putting myself and delusion?
Everything that belongs to you is dedicated to you?
Let me kneel at your feet, frank and loyal,
Admit that you are my mistress. As soon as you came in,
Won my property and the throne at once.
Lynceus (brings a box, followed by some people, who are carrying other boxes)
Queen, I am back in front of you!
Rich man, please give me a look,
When he saw you, he felt himself
Poor as a beggar, rich as a son of heaven.
What am I like? What about now?
What do you want? What should I do?
Sharp eyes can do nothing!
Take it back when you touch your throne.
We come from the east,
Flooding to the west;
The national army is huge,
I don't know what happened later.
The first one fell, and the second one followed.
The third man picked up his gun.
Everyone has a hundred times the courage to stand up,
There are thousands of dead people who don't care
We push, we rush,
Rule one place at a time;
Giving orders somewhere today,
Someone else will take it tomorrow.
We looked around-in a hurry,
Some people take the most beautiful women,
Some people catch the bull striding forward,
Take all the horses.
I like to look around.
Rare treasures that people have never seen before;
What others have,
Yes, I am like hay.
I only explore treasures,
In my eyes, I know everything,
I can see what's in the bag,
You can also see through any wardrobe.
I have a lot of gold,
Especially precious stones are the most gorgeous:
It's best to wear the emerald on your chest.
Make you look green and fresh.
Between your ears and your mouth,
Can be decorated with pearls on the seabed;
I'm afraid Hongbao has no room.
Your red cheeks make it pale.
I put these great treasures,
Offer your throne;
The spoils of several bloody battles,
I'll bring it to you, too
I dragged these boxes,
There are countless iron boxes;
If you allow me to be with you,
I will fill your warehouse.
Because as soon as you ascended the throne,
Wisdom, wealth and authority
I have to bow to you,
Worship you, the only heaven.
I regard these as private property,
Now let go, it belongs to you;
I used to think it was valuable,
Now I feel very humble.
Everything I have, I will die,
Like cutting hay.
Please have a look happily.
Let it return to the original real price!
Faust, move these bold things,
Although it is not blamed, it cannot be praised.
All the collections in this castle.
All belong to her; Especially present,
That's not necessary. Accumulate treasure
Clean and tidy. Set a beautiful scene,
Show a rare brilliance! Let this vault
Brilliant as a clear sky, with lifeless treasures.
Build a paradise for life.
Sleep with her before she comes forward.
Gorgeous carpets; Let her footsteps
Step on the soft ground; Eye contact
There is no dazzling, supreme glory of God.
Mr. Lynceus ordered a little thing,
What the servants did was just a joke:
This beautiful woman's remarkable mind,
Life and property are dominated by it.
The whole army is loyal to her,
The sword is deformed and doesn't work well.
Facing this magnificent image,
The sun looks cold and dark.
Face her eyes,
Everything seems empty and powerless. (below)
Helen (to Faust)
I want to talk to you, please come up,
Stay close to me! This vacancy
I can't sit still until the host sits down.
Faust, let me kneel first and allow me to dedicate myself to you.
A sincere and noble lady; You invited me to sit down,
Let me kiss your big hand.
Make sure I am your boundless kingdom.
* * * Use a ruler, please hire me.
I am an admirer, a servant and a bodyguard.
Helen: I saw and heard all kinds of strange things.
I'm surprised. I want to ask a lot of questions.
I want to ask first, why did this person say?
Makes me feel strange, strange and kind.
One sound seems to echo another,
I just heard the first sentence sweetly,
Another sentence followed by flirting with it.
Faust, you like the voice of our people,
Singing will certainly make you happy,
It can completely satisfy the ears and the mind.
The best way is for us to practice quickly;
You can blurt out a corresponding answer.
Helen, how can I speak so well?
Faust, it's simple. You must speak your mind.
If you are passionate about it,
You have to look around and ask some questions—
Helen, who enjoys it with you?
Faust's thought neither looks forward to the future nor looks back on the past.
Only now-
Helen, our happiness.
Faust is now a treasure, a usury, a property and a collateral;
But who will approve it?
Helen, my hands can.
Chorus: Who doubts our queen?
She is interested in the owner of the castle.
Make a friendly gesture.
Honestly, all of us
As usual, still a prisoner,
Because Elias humiliated himself.
Fall, step on your own troubles
Since the lost journey.
A woman who is used to men's love,
Although you can't choose freely,
But have an eye.
Whether it's a blond shepherd,
The god of the forest with a black mane,
At the right time,
Give full limbs,
Equal treatment.
They sat closer and closer,
Snuggle up to each other,
Shoulder to shoulder, knee to knee,
Holding hands, swaying,
Sitting on a thick cushion,
On the magnificent throne,
Be unexpectedly in a high position
Inner joy
In full view of the public
Indulgence is exposed.
Helen, I think it's far away, but I'm close,
I just want to say: I am here now! Here!
Faust, I feel angry, trembling and sticky;
Like a dream, time and space have disappeared.
Helen, I seem out of date, but I seem to have started a new life.
Be one with you and be loyal to you like a stranger.
Faust's only fate, don't think too complicated!
Survival is an obligation, even for a moment.
……
(translated by Qian Chunkun)
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Before Goethe, many people had been engaged in literary creation according to Dr. Faust, a mysterious figure in German folklore in the 6th century. Among them, the tragic story of Dr. Faust, a famous British playwright in the16th century, and the novel "Faust's Life, Career and Hell" by a famous German writer in the "charge from the front" movement are the most famous. In Marlowe's plays, Faust is already a character who "tried all experiences in pursuit of all knowledge and mortgaged his soul to the devil". Faust of klinger signed a contract with the devil, "in order to control or eradicate injustice in the world with the help of Superman's magic". There are great differences between Goethe's Faust and Marlowe's Faust in intellectuals' pursuit of spiritual integrity and expansion and spiritual promotion. Marlowe's Faust was intoxicated by the help of the devil Mephistopheles, obsessed with the possession of knowledge and experience, and finally his soul fell into the hands of the devil. Faust described by Goethe is a man who pursues tirelessly in body, spirit, knowledge, experience and mind, and his soul is finally redeemed by the gods of heaven. After Goethe's enlightenment, Faust, an ancient image, gained great artistic vitality.
It is said that the first draft of Faust was written by Goethe at the age of 25, when Goethe was inspired by the "charge and charge" movement. In his works, Faust in his prime was not satisfied with the knowledge in his study. He is eager to know about nature, life and society, and to taste the taste of life without wasting his next life. He was tortured by the fetters of reality and the desire to fill his inner world. It was under such circumstances that he made a contract with the devil. In order to learn, to experience and feel, I would rather give my soul to the devil. At this time, what we see in Faust is not only a kind of "furious" spirit, but also a kind of copious anger, which is a strong desire produced by the contradiction between material and spirit, body and soul in life.
Faust is a tragic personal spiritual journey. In the first part of the poem, Faust first experienced his ups and downs in the "small universe", he experienced the tragedy of intellectuals in his study, and then tasted the secular love tragedy with Ge Liqing. In the second part, Faust has stepped out of his "small universe" and entered the "big universe". He felt the political tragedy in helping the imperial emperor get rid of the financial crisis, and then completed the classical tragedy in the endless combination with Helen. Finally, he ended his professional tragedy with the sound of digging graves and filling the sea. His soul should have been taken away by the devil after death, but the angel took him into the kingdom of heaven. This strange mental journey can be interpreted from both the microscopic perspective of the "small universe" and the macroscopic perspective of the "big universe".
From a microscopic point of view, Faust's spiritual journey has many specific and personal biographical significance. In other words, Goethe turned his life experience and sentiment into artistic imagination and artistic reappearance in Faust's Travels. Faust's love for Garrett, the daughter of a citizen, is very touching. Readers familiar with Goethe's life can easily understand Goethe's euphemistic twists and turns about Christian Ulpiu's love. Christian Agnes, a civilian, is a female worker in Betov Flower Factory. After meeting by chance, Goethe moved in with this beautiful young girl. She gave birth to five children for Goethe, but they all died unfortunately. Goethe wrote countless touching love poems for her, such as the famous group poems "Roman Lamentations", "Visiting" and "Sorrow in the Morning". For another example, Faust solved the financial crisis for the emperor in the court of the Roman Empire and put down the rebellion of ministers, but Faust himself felt driven away by ministers and attendants and felt unbearable torture. This reflects Goethe's own life experience in Weimar for ten years. At the end of 1775, Goethe, who was already well-known in Europe, accepted the invitation of Duke Karl August and came to work in the Principality of Weimar, where he practiced social improvement for ten years (1775- 1786) and served as a consultant to the Council and a cabinet minister. In the past ten years, Goethe wasted his genius in his busy official duties. He hardly ever created any literature, but wrote some works tailored for princes and nobles. In his view, "there is always a struggle between talented poets and poets ... the honorable official adviser of Uncle Weimar" (Engels). After a long period of restraint, compromise and deep pain, 1786, Goethe could no longer bear this suffocating environment, changed his name and surname, and fled Weimar by post car alone for Italy, which he had long longed for. Great works always leave a deep psychological trace on the creator, but it is not enough to interpret Faust only from Goethe's own life perspective.
Indeed, to understand Faust, we must interpret it from the macro perspective of the "big universe". Mr. Zong Baihua once pointed out: "Modern people have lost the harmony between man and the universe in Greek culture and the sincere love of Christianity for God. People's spirit has been liberated, but at the same time it has lost its support, hesitating, exploring, suppressing and pursuing in order to find the meaning and value of life in life itself. Goethe is a great representative of the spirit of this era ... The content of Goethe's "The Life of Body Double Faust" is to try to experience the special spiritual significance of modern life, understand its tragedy, try to solve its problems and point out the way to save it. " In other words, before modern times, westerners still had the belief in God as the support of their survival value. When this belief declines, human beings have to undertake the exploration and practice of their own survival value. Faust is such a great explorer and practitioner. The five tragedies experienced by the protagonist in Faust are exactly the five spiritual explorations carried out by modern westerners. In The Tragedy of Knowledge, the learned Faust said with emotion: "I have learned philosophy, law and medicine, and unfortunately, theology!" I have worked hard and studied deeply ... for ten years-I know, we can't figure it out! It really makes me anxious. "Unable to find the meaning of life in his study, he decided to commit suicide. This means sublation of empty knowledge. When Faust translated a sentence in the Gospel of John in the New Testament, he first wrote "There is something in the beginning of Thailand", then translated "There is thought in the beginning of Thailand", then translated "There is power in the beginning of Thailand", and finally translated "There is something in the beginning of Thailand" to find the true meaning. After several times of searching and hitting a wall, Faust found the value of life in the cause of land reclamation. He sang excitedly: "I would like to see such a group of people living next to free people in a free land." "This ideal comes from hard work, so he said," Only those who struggle for free survival every day can enjoy the rights of both. "It is in this sense that Faust has become a spiritual biography of great intellectuals in Europe, showing the possibility of life moving from body to spirit, from negation to affirmation, and from depravity to redemption; Eulogize the spirit of pursuing truth, grandeur, lofty and broad, striving for self-improvement, unwilling to be lowered, and approaching truth, goodness and beauty as much as possible in the inner world.
In Goethe's eyes, Faust's life is a truly full life, a life worth coming to the world, a life that has achieved the highest level in the secular sense, spiritual pursuit and soul level, and a life that has experienced great happiness, joy, pain and experience. Alas, this kind of life is completed by the magic of the devil Mephistopheles, that is to say, although its premise is to sell the soul to the devil, its ending is redemption and the soul goes to heaven. Mephistopheles, the embodiment of "evil", the embodiment of negativity, and the embodiment of satiety, just presents an opposing force in the tragedy, a dialectical force in the philosophical sense, which makes Faust never satisfy his pursuit. We can say that it embodies Goethe's profound philosophical thinking on good and evil, negation and affirmation, body and soul. Goethe began with the bet between God in heaven and Mephistopheles, and pushed his understanding of human nature to readers: Mephistopheles laughed at everything and denied the value of life; Faust persistently pursued the truth of life and affirmed the significance of practice. Mephistopheles later made a bet with Faust. His two bets were to prove that human beings were doomed to fall. However, it was his "evil" that made Faust walk out of his study, and whenever Faust indulged in the secular world, it was Mephistopheles's "evil" that urged him to keep forging ahead. In this sense, it can be said that he is the driving force of "goodness". In addition, Mephistopheles's "evil" cannot be simply understood as bad. His sharp satire on social ugliness brightened Faust's eyes and brought him closer to the truth.
Romantic imagination is the outstanding feature of Faust's artistic expression. Faust, who was over half a year old, immediately became a charming teenager after drinking the magic soup. The peculiar imagination of Goethe's romanticism can be felt in the peculiar combination of Faust and ancient Greek beauty, as well as in the night of Gith by classical Valppu. Faust is a poetic drama, which has dramatic expression techniques, such as the transformation of scenes and fields, dialogues and monologues of characters, as well as poetic expressions, including lyric poems, philosophical poems, prose poems, narrative poems and beautiful folk songs.
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