"Every generation has a generation of literature" and "Every generation of literature has a generation of writers". In the Tang Dynasty, the golden age of the development of ancient poetry in China was really a gathering of famous poets. Among many outstanding writers, Li Bai and Du Fu are particularly outstanding and great. Their romantic and realistic poetic styles represent the highest achievements of Tang literature and push poetry to the peak of art.
The two different artistic features of Li Bai's and Du Fu's poems had a far-reaching influence on the whole poetry circle after the Tang Dynasty. The artistic features of Li Bai's poems mainly focus on the peculiar imagination, which is often associated with the flow of emotions and changes. Poetry creation has a strong subjective color, which is mainly manifested in paying attention to expressing heroism and passionate feelings, and rarely describing objective images and specific events in detail. His poems often run through with unrestrained momentum, paying attention to galloping vertically and horizontally, in one go, and have the characteristics of winning people with qi; Du Fu pays attention to describing reality in the artistic features of his poems, and takes depression and frustration as the emotional tone. There is a deep anxiety in his poems, which describes the sufferings of the people, his homesickness for his friends and his own poverty, and his feelings are deep and broad. The appearance of Li Bai and Du Fu is no accident. They were born at the turn of the rise and fall of the Tang dynasty, and they were great poets bred by thousands of years of historical and cultural accumulation. This paper tries to analyze the reasons for their completely different artistic features of poetry from the following four aspects.
First, Du Li's different life experiences.
1, different origins
Li Bai is a talented poet bred by the culture of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His extraordinary conceit and self-confidence, arrogant and independent personality, unrestrained and free-spirited temperament and romantic feelings of free creation fully reflect the personality and spiritual outlook of the people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Li Bai (70 1~762), whose name is Taibai, is a violet layman and his ancestral home is in Ji Cheng, Longxi (now Qin 'an, Gansu). His family background remains a mystery. About five years old, he moved to Longxian County (now Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province), the governor of Mian County, Sichuan Province. His family is very rich, so he received a good education at an early age. When he was a teenager, he traveled to Qingcheng and Emei, but Taoism had a far-reaching influence on his life. 18 years old, traveling to and from neighboring counties, visiting Jiange and Zizhou. Traveling to Chengdu and other places at the age of 20 is roaming. Li Bai spent his whole life in Ren Xia.
Du Fu was a great poet in decline in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Du Fu (7 12~770), with beautiful words, was born in Ling Du, Jingzhao (now southwest of Xi, Shaanxi), and was born in an official family in Gongxian County. His family has a cultural tradition of respecting Confucianism and obeying the law, which has a deep influence on him. He experienced the process from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, which made him realize the bitterness of life and the sufferings of the people, so he was concerned about national security.
2. Different life experiences
When Li Bai was young, he read many books. "At the age of five, I have a family, and at the age of ten, I read a hundred books." "He wrote fifteen wonderful books and made a fortune." He also praised Ren Xia's sword. "Fifteen good swordsmanship, the prince is everywhere." He traveled a lot when he was young. All these have a great influence on the formation of Li Bai's bold and unconstrained character, and also directly lead to the formation of his romantic poetry style. His life ideal is detached and positive, and his personality charm is beyond others' reach. But he has been wandering between being an official and dancing almost all his life. In Shu Dao Nan, he focuses on the magical and breathtaking mountains and rivers of Shuqin Island, from which he reveals some worries about society. He said that "it is too high for the yellow crane to cross" and "the sword pagoda is indestructible", which may be a metaphor for the political chaos and his depression at that time. In his "It's Hard to Walk", he used "I threw the food bar and cup aside, I couldn't eat or drink, I pulled out my dagger, and I peeped in four directions in vain. I will cross the Yellow River, but ice blocks the ferry until Taihang Mountain is covered with snow "to describe his difficult situation. Because Gao Lishi and Yang were in favor at that time, the wise men were rejected by the court, and he issued a "hard to go, hard to go". All roads lead to the same goal, but his optimistic nature makes him persistent in his pursuit of ideals. He sang, "I will ride the wind and waves one day, a strong man full of confidence and hope, and hang straight from Yun Fan to the sea.". In "Nostalgia at Night in Niuzhu", he wrote: "Looking at the autumn moon in Dengzhou is a vain memory of thanking the old general. I have poems; I can read, and he hears from others, but it's not mine. " Express one's incompetence and longing for a bosom friend through the story of Xie Shang's meeting with Justin. Although Li Bai has an active official career, influenced by Taoist thoughts, he sometimes jumps out of the idea of being born and lives in seclusion in the mountains. In Lushan, he said, "I am a madman of the Chu people and sang a crazy song arguing with Confucius." Holding a green jade stick in his hand, he bid farewell to the famous Yellow Crane Tower early in the morning. Wuyue went out to look for mountains, according to my unchanging habit all my life. " It shows his devotion to Taoism, his mockery of Confucianism, and his feelings of getting rid of secularism and pursuing immortal life. In "Dream on Mount Tianmu", he described absurd dreams and expressed his yearning for the fairy world. Finally, he said, "An Neng can bow down and serve the powerful, and no one will suffer, so as to look at it from the right angle", which shows his ambition to lead a clean and honest life. It can be said that Li Bai has been wandering in the contradiction between being born and entering the WTO all his life.
Du Fu was born as an official, and his grandfather Du Shenyan was an important poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Therefore, for Du Fu, being an official and writing poems are both family businesses. He once said to his son, "Poetry is my family". Du Fu was deeply influenced by Confucian culture, and he had a desire to help the monarch all his life. In addition, he was poor all his life, which formed his character of caring for the country and the people and caring for the people. Therefore, his poems emphasize realism. Du Fu has been seeking official positions all his life. "Obey Confucianism and guard the official, but don't fall into the vegetarian business" ("Carving and Fu Biao"). Throughout his life, he believed that he would one day be "superior to the monarch, and then make the people simple." This spirit has been permeating between the lines of Du Fu's Seven Laws "Climbing the Building": "Flowers are as high as my window, which hurts the wanderer's heart, because I see that from this height, I feel sad everywhere. The spring scenery of Jinjiang flooded in, and the clouds on the mountain, ancient, varied and changeable. The imperial court, like the North Star, will not change in the end, and the Western Hills of Kohl will not invade Tibet. However, I feel sorry for the sorrow of a long-lost emperor in the twilight, and the sun curtain is talking about Fu Liang. " This poem can fully reflect the characteristics of Du Fu's poems, and the scenery at the beginning of the poem leads to the author's mood, which is as touching as "where the petals have fallen like tears and where the lonely bird has sang grief". Later, I wrote about "How difficult it is for 10,000 people", and finally I wrote my personal ambition. He wants to start a business like Zhuge Liang. The whole poem describes the relationship between mountains and rivers and the changes of the eternal society, saying that personnel rely on the infiltration and tolerance of natural scenery. The combination of natural scenery, national tragedy and personal feelings embodies the poet's depressed and frustrated style. His "The Yellow River is Recovered by the Imperial Army", "Beyond the sword, like the spread of thistle to the north, I burst into tears at first. Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily. Sing my songs loudly and drink my wine. Youth is a good companion to go home. That is from Baxia through Wuxia, from south to north-to my own town! "It's about the poet's joy after Tang Jun conquered Anshi's lair. The whole poem has left a deep impression on people with its smooth rhyme, sincere emotion and fast rhythm. His poem "Up the Mountain" is neat and neat, and the scenery is lyrical. Describe the face of the times and your inner feelings.
Second, the creative method of Du Li's poems
Li Bai is another outstanding romantic poet after Qu Yuan in the history of China literature. His era was mainly Kaiyuan and Tianbao for more than forty years, which was the so-called "prosperous Tang Dynasty". This is the unprecedented strength of the Tang empire, and all kinds of social contradictions and crises lurk. Combined with his experience and ideological character, his poetry presents a completely different romantic style from Du Fu. Du Fu is a great realistic poet in the history of China literature. He lived in a period of dramatic changes from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Sharp class contradictions and contradictions between the nation and the ruling class have caused national disasters and people's suffering, and poets have also been involved in the bottom of society. He also painted a picture of life in that tragic era with a pen, and gradually climbed to the peak of realism. His highly mature realistic creation method is mainly reflected in the poet's narrative poems.
First of all, Li Bai's poems and songs have a strong subjective color. Li Bai is not an unattached poet. His passionate feelings and strong personality left an indelible mark on his poems, leaving a strong subjective color of self-expression everywhere. When he wanted to be an official in Beijing, he declared, "Laugh to the sky. Are we Artemisia people? " When politics is frustrated, they will shout, "The road is like the blue sky, but there is no way out before my eyes!" " He wanted to accuse himself of injustice, so he said, "I want to climb the dragon to see the Lord, and Lei Gong plays the drums." He misses Chang 'an, that is, "the wind blows my heart and hangs Xianyang trees in the west." When he climbed Taibai Peak, let Taibai talk to me and open the sky for me. "He asked the fairy," and then there was "the fairy caressed my beard, my hair grew long, and I loved life." He wants to drink, and there is Dongcaoqiu in Luoyang "to build a restaurant for the south of Tianjin Bridge." He lamented Xuancheng's good wine making and asked, "Without Li Bai at the night stage, who is the wine sold to?" Even when writing historical figures, such as Yan Ziling, Zhuge Liang and Xie An. They are often regarded as their own incarnations. This strong subjective emotion adds overwhelming momentum to the poem, gives the reader a voice and makes the reader feel warm and cordial, while Du Fu is often a combination of subjective and objective. Du Fu's poems are good at integrating subjective thoughts into objective fact descriptions and letting the characters speak with facts themselves. This is the greatest feature of Du Fu's poems and his greatest skill. For example, the author described the scenes and plots with a serious attitude from beginning to end, so that the poet's feelings and tendencies naturally emerged from the scenes and plots. "There is no irony, language ridicule; There is no sigh, and the degree of ridicule is lamented. "
Secondly, Li Bai's poems are bold and exaggerated. Poems such as "White hair is three thousands of feet, sorrow is ten feet long" and "Yanshan snowflake is as big as a seat" have long been typical exaggerations in literary description. And his drinking capacity is also "it takes one or three hundred cups" and "it takes two thousand stones to finish it". His ascent even reached the point where "the highest cliff is only one foot away from the sky" and "you can approach the moon with your hands up". These exaggerated poems of "the pen falls and the wind and rain shake, and the poem makes the gods cry" abound in Li Bai's magnificent and bold poems, which are dazzling and amazing. Du Fu pays attention to detail description, and Du Fu is good at capturing expressive details that can show the characters' own characteristics and mental outlook to create characters. For example, "No matter what demands are made on them, do soldiers dare to hate them?" This detail not only reveals the painful feelings of servants who dare to be angry but also reveals the cruel oppression of feudal rule, which deeply reflects the author's sympathy and indignation. Another example is "Shi Quguan", which uses the phrase "the sound of the night is absolutely silent, such as weeping and choking". This detailed description. The vivid description of the details stems from the author's careful observation and experience of objective real life, such as "fish come out in the drizzle and swallow in the breeze"
Thirdly, Li Bai's bold exaggeration is inseparable from his rich imagination. Therefore, in Li Bai's poetry creation, imagination is always so unexpected, so naive and pure, which deeply touches the readers' heartstrings. What best embodies this feature are some poems about the moon. He likes the bright moon, so he fantasizes that it can ask for directions, chase and win. For example, "Drinking for the Moon" wrote: "When is there a moon in the sky? I stopped for a drink today to ask, people can't climb the moon, but follow the moon. " In the book Shu Yun, Xie Tiao Building, Xuanzhou, he said: "Everyone is eager to fly and wants to catch the bright moon in the blue sky." He often refers to the bright moon as a confidant, imagining that the bright moon can accompany him to drink, send him on a long trip, relieve his loneliness, entertain his nostalgia, and even get credit when the moonlight is insufficient. For Li Bai, the real world often seems narrow, depressing and dark, so he often spreads his fantasy wings and flies to the celestial realm in search of light and freedom. For example, "Antique" (nine poems) written in the background of "An Shi Rebellion" is the poet's whimsy in writing Huashan Wonderland. "Lotus Mountain is in the west, watching the stars all the way. Holding a white hibiscus flower in both hands, curled up into a ball. Dressed in colorful clothes, elegant clouds floated high into the sky. Invite me to the rooftop, Gao Yiwei Shuqing. Let it go and open the red ridge. " In this fairyland, the star fairy is holding hibiscus flowers in her hands, and her wide belt is floating in the clouds, fluttering in the air and flying into the sky. The transcendent ethereal and free breath permeates the whole fairyland. Even "I" accepted the invitation of the star, and went with it in a trance, driving Hong to soar. Dream on Mount Tianmu is a masterpiece of the poet using fantasy. Wonderful fairy tale world. The wonderful fairy world strongly reflects the dark social reality and Li Bai's desire and pursuit of freedom and liberation. Du Fu, on the other hand, is good at making a typical artistic summary of real life, selecting characters with typical significance, creating numerous characters, describing the old man who fled over the wall in the vast social life, the old woman who was forced to serve in the rushing river, the man who was recruited in Xin 'an, the bride who got married in the morning, the homeless single man and so on. , and form a set of character image gallery. So many real, vivid and typical characters are outstanding contributions of Du Fu's poems.
Finally, Li Bai's poems are full of strange metaphors. "Treat friends lightly, face the Nine Doubts Peak", and the image of the mountain peak is novel and powerful. "The Yellow River can hold soil, and the north wind hates rain and snow." It is really thrilling to use the thrilling metaphor of the Yellow River to compare the desperate sadness of the wife of a fallen soldier. The waterfalls, the Yellow River, the autumn moon and the mountain peaks he wrote are magnificent, magnificent and smart. On the other hand, Du Fu's poems have personalized character language. In order to make the characters lifelike, he used the language of the characters to describe the psychology and shape the image. The poem "Wedding Farewell", written entirely by the bride's monologue, shows her complex psychological activities of helplessness, resentment, complaint, anxiety, pain, reluctance and expectation when bidding farewell to her husband, and creates an emotional and profound image of working women. His "Homeless" and "Farewell the Old and Welcome the New" are also monologues, and both Xin 'an officials and Tongguan officials use dialogue. The characters' writing is simple and popular, which accords with the characters' personality, identity and age. When you read them, you will see them and hear their voices.
From these comparative analyses, we can see that Li Bai pushed poetry to another romantic peak after Qu Yuan, and the appearance of Du Fu pushed the realism tradition to a more conscious and mature stage.
Of course, Li Bai's romanticism also contains elements of realism. Li Bai's poems about immortals and landscapes best reflect this feature. For example, Antique (XIX), the first part is Huashan Wonderland, and the second part is Overlooking Luoyang River and Walking in Hu Bing. Blood grass, the jackal crowned. "It's about the bitter reality of a river of blood. The poet combines the beautiful Huashan fairyland with the bloody Central Plains, which reflects the ideological contradiction between the poet's birth and his entry into the WTO, and shows the poet's hatred of darkness, the pursuit of freedom and his sincere feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Poems such as Shu Dao Nan and Tian Mu Shan embody this artistic feature. Du Fu's poems are good at reflecting reality, but many of his works also reveal idealism. For example, in "Looking at Yue", "You will be the best, and all the other mountains are dwarfed in the sky. ".It shows the confidence and pride of the poet when he was young. In Song of Drinking, Li Bai wrote hundreds of poems about drinking. Chang 'an went to a restaurant to sleep, but the son of heaven called him out of the boat and claimed to be Brewmaster. Writing romantic characters in a romantic style is vivid and radiant. The song "Autumn Wind Breaking the Hut" highlights the poet's idealism and dedication.
Third, image group in Du Li's poems.
Du Li's poems are all-encompassing and profound. Even if there is a grass and a tree, a bird and a beast will shine in the works. But looking at their poems, their image group is different and has its own flavor.
Image group in Li Bai's poems includes Dapeng, Phoenix, Tiger, Tianma, Yellow River, Yangtze River, Moon, Fairy and Wine, Sword and Chivalrous Man. In this unique image group, the most distinctive is the soaring Dapeng. On Dapeng, Li Bai placed his ideals and devoted great enthusiasm. "Fu Dapeng" not only describes Dapeng's power of "being angry but not arguing", but also describes Dapeng's freedom and freedom without any constraints. Dapeng is the artistic embodiment of the poet. Until the poet died, he still didn't forget Dapeng. He sang sadly: "Big Pengfei shakes eight generations, and the sky is weak and indestructible." He summed up his life by mourning Peng. Poets often use the phoenix to express their feelings: "The wind and hunger don't peck at food, but they can't eat Xuan Lang. How can you compete with chickens? It shows the poet's ambition. Oh, how can I solemnly bow and scrape to high-ranking people and people in high positions?
The unique image group in Li Bai's poems is the most creative and romantic poet himself. From his numerous poems, we can easily find that most of Li Bai's poems are devoted to shaping and highlighting the poet's self-image. Unlike Wang Wei, he is not so concerned about and careful to perceive the world, nor is he as concerned about how to express delicate feelings as Wang Changling. What Li Bai wants to express is an elected "I"-how, how, what to say and what to do, which also forms a special expression of the poet, which is true, clear and hearty.
The so-called truth comes out, that is, it is not concealed and straightforward. Li Bai's poems will always be "free and unfettered", with no scruples or obstacles. He drove away and rebuked the supreme ruler, despised the hot dignitaries, publicly expressed his dissatisfaction with reality and made it clear that he would not go along with the world. When he was proud, he laughed: "Laugh wildly and go out. Are we Artemisia people? " When he was depressed, he shouted, "The road is clear, but there is no way out before my eyes!" " When he cried, he cried out in pain; When he sings, he sings crazily ... In short, what Li Bai thinks, remembers, feels and sends is open to the world and can be seen clearly. Reading his poems, such as the clear autumn moon, is crystal clear. On the surface, it is too straightforward, but in fact it is straight and fragrant, which is exciting.
And the so-called hearty, is surging, venting. Li Bao's poems often come suddenly, such as waterfall rapids: "Oh, but it is very high and very dangerous! ! Such a trip is harder than climbing the blue sky! " "Have you seen how the water of the Yellow River flows from the sky to the sea and never returns? If you don't see how cute Gao Tingming's mirror lock is, the sun will turn blue and snow. " The sound gives people great shock and infection. And then, it is often a torrent that never stops: "Those who abandoned me yesterday can't stay, and those who disturb my heart today are more worried ... but since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with our swords and raise our glasses to eliminate their worries."
"Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will let go of my hair tomorrow and take a fishing boat." Poems such as "Near Wine" and "Shu Dao Xing" are famous for their boldness and hearty. These poems, with ups and downs and abrupt changes, present an unconstrained style, which best represents the individual characteristics of Goethe and Li Bai's poems.
Du Fu's poetic groups are all saturated with the patriotic feelings and compassion for life when the poet cares about the country and the people, hurting the country and the people, with a strong melancholy color. It is also about the phoenix, but the phoenix in his works is completely different from that in Li Bai's poems, which is aloof, lofty and self-sufficient. For example, Zhu Feng in Zhu Fengxing, who is in a difficult situation, lonely, but worried about birds, and Zhu Feng with a kind heart, and the one in Phoenix Terrace, "Prosperous and bright, washing away sadness." Deeply wrapped in this reason, the "long-staying" tragedy Phoenix is full of hatred for the dark reality, care and sympathy for the country and the whole world. The phoenix that cares about the country and the people is the embodiment of the poet, which fully shows Du Fu's gloomy style. In addition, citrus reticulata, Thin Horse, Autumn Wind, Gusai, Sick Orange and even Gao Jiang, Xia Ji and Cheng Wei are also Du Fu's image group. Poems such as "Thunder in the steep gorge of Gao Jiang, the sun and the moon faint the old trees and vines" and "There are rustling in ancient times, and the clouds are at the bottom of the desert in cold autumn" strongly show Du Fu's deep and melancholy feelings. Although Du Fu is different from Li Bai in truth, he is clear and bright, but he has a different flavor when reading.
The combination of images in Du Fu's poems is also different from Li Bai's poems, but several images are compressed into one poem. High density. Look dignified, mature and profound. For example, Ascending the Mountain is a poem with well-organized images, especially in the first couplet and "Wan Li is a frequent visitor in autumn, and I have climbed this mountain alone", where the images of "the apes in the sky whimper and the birds return to the white sand in clear lake" are endless, and the words are very accurate and appropriate. Thus, it describes the scene of the riverside in late autumn in a gloomy way, expressing the poet's hard life, family and country, and is praised by later generations as the first of the seven laws in ancient and modern times. In addition, the poems such as "The window contains the autumn snow in Xiling, the gate of Wu Dong Wan Li boating" and "The grass is on the dangerous wall and the breeze is on the rock, and the boat is sailing alone at night" are all sentences with good image density. At the same time, the context of many images in Du Fu's poems is quite clear. The rules are very strict. Such as "Climbing the Building": "Flowers are as high as my window, which hurts the wanderer's heart, because I look from this height and feel sad everywhere. The spring scenery of Jinjiang flooded in, and the clouds on the mountain, ancient, varied and changeable. The imperial court, like the North Star, will not change in the end, and the Western Hills of Kohl will not invade Tibet. However, I feel sorry for the sorrow of a long-lost emperor at dusk and talk to Fu Liang at sunset. " . The first couplet is a happy scene about sad feelings. Flowers hurt the guest's heart, and couplets tell the magnificent mountains and rivers, with infinite feelings; Ties talk about world affairs, and the word Yan Yizheng; Tail couplet satirizes the dynasty's bad king and sighs. The whole poem has dense images and distinct rules, which combines natural scenery, national tragedy and poet's feelings, strongly and profoundly, and vividly embodies Du Fu's depressed and frustrated style.
Fourthly, the style of Du Li's poetic language.
In terms of poetic language, Li and Du are also in a leading position.
"Clear water produces hibiscus, which is naturally carved" is the most vivid summary of Li Bai's poetic language, especially some quatrains of five or seven words, which are very concise, smooth and natural. "Green Water Song" and "Yellow Crane Tower Farewell to Meng Haoran on the Way to Yangzhou" are both fresh and natural, and the pearls are round and smooth, and they do have the beauty of hibiscus. At the same time, some other poems of Li Bai. For example, it is difficult to go to the sky and the ancient style, the language is bold and vigorous, the length is scattered, and the dragons are screaming and the tigers are screaming. Du Fu said in "Li Bai in Spring": "White poetry is invincible, and floating poetry is not a group. Fresh and open, Junyibao joined the army. " A formal and accurate summary of the two main styles of Li Bai's poetic language.
Du Fu, on the other hand, is a precise and innovative language style, and attaches great importance to the tempering of poetic language.
Of course, Li and Du made good use of various genres, whether it was ancient prose or quatrains or metrical poems, which were colorful and interesting. In various genres, both of them are good at writing ancient styles. Li Bai's five masterpieces of ancient poetry include Antique (XV), Midnight Wu Ge, and Drinking the Moon Alone. The representative works of seven-character poems include Shu Dao Nan, Jiang and Walking in Suffering. Du Fu's five-character poems, the Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells, are all unprecedented masterpieces. Seven-character ancient poems are thoroughly remoulded and varied, with myriad postures: there are fluent and natural drunken songs, there are rich and elegant eight immortals drinking, and there are even more sad and sad Ai generals. It is really the Haihe River in Wang Yang, which is spectacular.
Li Bai, especially in ancient times, had seven unique skills. Whether looking at Tianmen Mountain from afar, Tianmen interrupting the opening of Truman or giving it to Wang Lun, the peach blossom pool is deep in thousands of feet, with lofty artistic conception, elegant color and infinite charm. Generally speaking, Li Bai likes metrical poems, especially the seven metrical poems, perhaps because the metrical poems are too strict and have the nature of bondage and freedom. However, the special five laws are beautiful and excellent.
Du Fu is good at rhythmic poetry. His five-character poems are skillfully used and magnificent, represented by Moonlit Night, Spring Hope and Deng Yueyang Tower. Seven-character verse is Du Fu's galloping heaven and earth. Such as Shu Xiang, Madman, Ascending the Mountain, etc. All of them are masterpieces of the Tang Dynasty with correct words and harmonious melody, which blend with the majestic weather and surpass the phonology. However, the achievements of May 7th quatrains are not as good as those of Li Bai.
At the same time, Li and Du have different influences and poetic styles, but they have the same height. It can be said that pines and cypresses are unfaithful, and pearls and jade are precious. In this way, Du Li deserves to be an outstanding representative of Tang poetry. Their poems have their own styles in artistic features. Li's poems are bold and elegant, while Du's poems are depressed and frustrated. But they all show extraordinary personality strength and personal charm in their poems. The two Du Lidu have made great contributions to the development of Tang poetry, so their influence on later poetry can be said to last forever.