1. What classical Chinese texts are there in primary school textbooks?
Learning Yi
Yi Qiu is a good game throughout the country. He asked Yi Qiu to teach two people to play chess. One of them concentrated on the game, but Yi Qiu listened. Although the other listened, he thought that a swan was coming, and he wanted to help him and shot it with his bow. Even though I have learned from him, I am not as good as him. Why is he so wise? I said: Not so.
Translation
Yi Qiu is the best chess player in the country. Let Yi Qiu teach two people to learn to play chess. One of them concentrates on learning to play chess and only listens to Yi Qiu's teaching; while the other person is listening to Yi Qiu's teaching, but he always thinks that swans will fly over his head. , want to take a bow and arrow to shoot it. Although he studied with the previous person, his learning effect was not as good as the previous person. Can we say that this is because his intelligence is not as good as the previous one? I said: That's not the case.
Two Children Debating on the Sun
Confucius was traveling eastward and saw two children arguing and asked why.
One son said: "I think that when the sun begins to rise, people will be close, but when the sun begins to rise, it will be far away."
Yi'er said: "At the beginning of the day, it is as big as a car hood (6), and at the middle of the day (7), (8) is like a pan (9). This is not because (10) the one far away is small and "The one who is near is bigger?"
Yi'er said: "It's cool in Cangcang at the beginning of the day (11), and it's like exploring the soup in the middle of the day (12). It's not that the people who are near are hot and the people who are far are cool. ? ”
Confucius couldn’t decide (13). The two children laughed and said: "Which one (14) knows more about you (15)?"
Translation
Confucius traveled to the East and saw two children arguing. past) and asked them what they were arguing about.
A child said: "I think the sun is close to people when it first rises, and far away at noon."
(Another) A child said: "I think it is far away from people when it first rises." "When the sun first rises, it is far away, but when it reaches noon, it is as big as the roof of a carriage."
A child said: "When it first rises, it is as big as a carriage roof. Aren’t the ones far away (looking)
small and the ones close (looking) big? ”
(Another) A child said: “It’s very cool when the sun first comes out. At noon, it feels like entering a bathing pond. Isn’t it that the closer you get, the hotter you get (feeling) and the farther away you feel, the cooler it gets? ”
Confucius also Unable to decide (who is right or wrong). Two children laughed at Confucius and said: "Who said you are knowledgeable?"
Boya Jue Xian
Boya was good at playing the harp, and Zhong Ziqi was good at listening. Boya played the harp and played the harp, aiming at high mountains. Zhong Ziqi said: "How good it is! It's as tall as Mount Tai!" His goal was on flowing water. Zhong Ziqi said: "How good it is. It's as vast as a river!" What Boya was thinking about, Zhong Ziqi said You must get it. When Ziqi died, Boya said that there would be no more music in the world. He would break the strings of his harp and never play the drum again for the rest of his life.
Translation
Yu Boya is the best at playing the piano, and Zhong Ziqi has a strong ability to appreciate music. When Yu Boya played the piano, he thought of the mountains. Zhong Ziqi listened and exclaimed: "Good. Ah, I seem to see the majestic Mount Tai!" Yu Boya thought of flowing water, and Zhong Ziqi said, "Okay, I seem to see the endless river!" No matter what Yu Boya was thinking, Zhong Ziqi could be accurate. Understand his feelings. After Zhong Ziqi's death, Yu Boya felt that he no longer had a close friend in the world, so he broke his beloved piano and never played it again for the rest of his life. 2. Is it necessary for primary school students to learn classical Chinese?
There have been many changes in primary school Chinese textbooks after the new curriculum reform. One of the most prominent changes is that classical Chinese has appeared since the fourth grade. Since the appearance of the new textbooks, people have been There was a lot of discussion,? First, let’s clarify the concept of classical Chinese.
Classical Chinese in a broad sense refers to the written language based on pre-Qin spoken language that was commonly used before the May 4th Movement, including prose, parallel prose, poetry, songs, drama, etc. Classical Chinese in the narrow sense only refers to prose and parallel prose written in classical Chinese.
The classical Chinese mentioned in this article refers to classical Chinese in a narrow sense. There are generally three views that advocate learning classical Chinese in primary school. One is that the current Chinese teaching is going downhill, and people's Chinese proficiency is getting worse and worse, so they should learn classical Chinese to improve their cultural heritage; the second is that learning classical Chinese can make students better Accepting traditional Chinese culture will help cultivate students' noble sentiments and independent personality, which is of great significance to improving the overall quality of the nation; third, it is believed that classical Chinese is a very effective written language that can convey a large amount of information with a small number of characters, far better than In vernacular.
In the information age, it is also very meaningful to master an efficient information carrier. I agree with none of the above views.
First, I think the current Chinese teaching should be successful. It is true that compared with the ancients, the cultural heritage of today's people is indeed not high.
However, learning Chinese at the current stage should be to cultivate students' ability to listen, speak, read and write vernacular. Chinese is a tool for communication and learning. Of course we can't compete with the ancients in classical Chinese. If we compete with the ancients in vernacular, they will definitely be inferior. If Li Bai is asked to compete with primary school students in Mandarin, Li Bai will definitely run away.
Secondly, the splendid traditional Chinese culture is our pride and our treasure and cannot be lost. What is worth debating is that culture is a term that covers a wide range of areas, and it is not a matter of learning formal Chinese rather than classical Chinese.
In addition, there are many ways to learn traditional culture, and it does not necessarily have to be the one-plank bridge of learning classical Chinese. Spoken language is a kind of voice, and classical Chinese is another kind of voice. If primary school students are asked to learn classical Chinese, they will definitely be confused.
Primary school students are young, curious, and interested in everything. At the same time, precisely because of their young age, primary school students' interest in a certain thing can easily disappear or be transferred.
Difficult classical Chinese texts may frighten primary school students, and forcing primary school students to learn them will arouse their resentment, which is not worth the gain. Third, classical Chinese can convey a large amount of information with a small number of characters, which is efficient but impractical.
The information age requires efficient information carriers. The question is, can classical Chinese be used? Is it useful? Turn on your computer and you will find the answer. Of course, it is useful. Unless a person has a profound cultural background, he will pay attention to it. Most people will be scared away at the first sight.
Do primary school students no longer need to learn classical Chinese? My point is that you can learn it, but you should pay attention to how you learn it. Give opportunities to those who want to learn, and never force those who don’t want to learn.
We can learn from some foreign practices and make classical Chinese an optional subject. Teachers do not make unified requirements, and schools do not make unified examinations.
The teacher recommends some classic chapters to the students, such as the Three Character Classic, Disciple Rules, Thousand Character Essay and other early childhood introductory books, or some idiom stories that are familiar to the students, and allows parents to help choose the learning content. Schools should set up Chinese studies interest groups, and teachers should provide regular and targeted tutoring.
The students who want to learn are very interested, and the students who don’t want to learn are relieved of their burden. Why not? . 3. Can primary school students learn classical Chinese?
For classical Chinese books for children, it is best to choose some short, interesting and classic classical Chinese books that explain the profound things in a simple way, are catchy to read, and are rich in pictures and texts. They are suitable for enlightenment reading. Book. Be sure to choose teaching materials that are suitable for your child. In primary school, it is most important to cultivate interest and develop the habit of reading ancient prose.
I bought some for my child before (Little Ancient Chinese Listening and Reading Practice) and so on, but he didn’t like them very much. Later, the head teacher recommended it (Classic 200 Classical Prose for Primary School Students), which was very effective. It covers all classic classical Chinese and poetry, as well as interesting illustrations. The combination of pictures and texts can help children understand and strengthen their memory. Children really like to read it. After each lesson, there are small columns such as "Reading" and "Think About It", which not only allow children to easily gain enlightenment in classical Chinese, but also help children accumulate literary materials. 4. People's Education Press Primary School Chinese Textbook 1
Yang's son
Yang's son in Liang Guo is nine years old and very smart and helpful. Kong Junping visited his father. When his father was not there, he called his son out. To set the fruit, the fruit has bayberry. The hole pointed to the son and said: "This is the fruit of your family." The son replied: "I have never heard that the peacock is the master's poultry."
Boya Jue Xian
Boya is good. Zhong Ziqi is good at listening to drums and harps. Boya played the harp and played the harp, aiming at high mountains. Zhong Ziqi said: "How good it is! It's as tall as Mount Tai!" His goal was on flowing water. Zhong Ziqi said: "How good it is. It's as vast as a river!" What Boya was thinking about, Zhong Ziqi said You must get it. When Ziqi died, Boya said that there would be no more music in the world. He would break the strings of his harp and never play the drum again for the rest of his life.
Learning chess
Yi Qiu is a person who is good at chess throughout the country. He asked Yi Qiu to teach two people to play chess. One of them concentrated on the game, but Yi Qiu listened. Although the other listened, he thought that a swan was coming, and he wanted to shoot it with his bow. Even though I have learned from him, I am not as good as him. Why is he so wise? Said: Not so.
Two children arguing about the sun
When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children arguing and asked why.
One son said: "I think that when the sun begins to rise, people are close, but when the sun is at noon, they are far away."
Yi'er said: "At the beginning of the day, it is as big as a car hood, and at midday it is like a plate. Isn't this why the far one is small and the near one is big?"
Yi'er said : "It's cool in Cangcang at the beginning of the day, and it's like exploring the soup in the middle of the day. Isn't it hot for those who are close and cool for those who are far away?"
Confucius couldn't decide.
The two children laughed and said: "Who knows more about you?" 5. What are the classical Chinese texts included in the primary and secondary school textbooks of the People's Education Press?
Selected from the primary school Chinese textbooks of the People's Education Press There are some classical Chinese works, specifically "The Son of Yang" in the second volume of the fifth grade, "Bo Ya Jue Xian" in the first volume of the sixth grade, and "Two Classical Chinese Essays" - "Xue Yi" and "Two Children's Debate" in the second volume of the sixth grade. 》.
Middle School
Seventh Grade Volume 1:
5 Children's Interests
10 "The Analects of Confucius"
4. "Moon over the Xijiang River"
5. "Autumn Thoughts on the Pure Sky and Sands"
20 Shanshi
25 "Shishuoxinyu" "Two Fables
(1) "Yong Snow"
(2) "Chen Taiqiu and Youqi"
30 Four Fables
< p> 3. "Sophon Suspicious Neighbor"4. "A blessing in disguise"
Volume 2 of Seventh Grade
5 Injury to Zhongyong
10 Mulan Poems
15 Sun Quan’s Encourage to Learn
20 Ventriloquism
25 Two Short Essays
1. "Kuafu Chasing the Sun"
p>2. "Two Children Debate"
30 Wolf
Eighth Grade Volume 1
21 Peach Blossom Spring
22 Two short essays
1. "Inscription on the Humble Room"
2. "The Story of Love Lotus"
23 The Story of the Nuclear Boat
24 The Great Avenue Journey also
25 Three Poems by Du Fu
"Looking at the Mountains"
"Looking at Spring"
"Shihao Official" < /p>
26 Three Gorges
27 Two short essays
"Thanks to Zhongshu"
"Night Tour of Chengtian Temple"
28 Watching the tide
29 Watching the snow in the pavilion in the middle of the lake
30 Four poems
Returning to the garden and living in the fields (Part 3)
< p> Envoys to the fortressFarewell across Jingmen
Visiting Shanxi Village
Eighth Grade Volume 2
21 Writing with Zhu Yuansi
p>22 The Biography of Mr. Wu Liu
23 The Story of Horses
24 A Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang (Excerpt)
25 Five Poems and Songs
p>
1. Reward Lotte at the first dinner in Yangzhou
2. Red Cliff
3. Crossing the Lingding Ocean
4. Water tune song Head (when does the bright moon appear)
5. Yangtong on the hillside cares about ancient times
26 The Story of Xiaoshitan
27 The Story of Yueyang Tower
28 The Drunken Old Man Pavilion Notes
29 Manjing Travel Notes
30 Five Poems
1. Drinking (Part 5)
2. Difficulty in Traveling ( 1)
3. The song of thatched cottage being destroyed by the autumn wind
4. Bai Xue’s song to send Judge Wu back to the capital
5. Miscellaneous poems of Ji Hai
Ninth Grade Volume 1
17 Outwit the Birthday Plan
18 The Death of Yang Xiu
19 Fan Jin Passes the Examination
20 Xiang Ling Studying poetry
21 Chen She’s family
22 Tang Ju fulfilled his mission
23 Longzhong Dui
24 Setting an example
Five poems of 25 words
"Looking to the South of the Yangtze River"
Thoughts of Fisherman Ao Qiu
Jiangchengzi's Hunting in Mizhou
Wulingchun< /p>
Breaking the spell and writing a poem for Chen Tongfu
Ninth Grade Volume 2
17 Gongshu
18 Two Chapters of "Mencius"
A lot of help will be given to those who are unfaithful.
Born in sorrow, died in happiness.
19 Fish is what I want
20 "Zhuangzi" 》Two stories
Huizi met Liang
Zhuangzi and Huizi traveled to Haoliang
21 The debate about Cao GUI
22 Zou Ji satirized the king of Qi Accepting Advice
23 The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain
24 Two Poems from "The Book of Songs"
1. Guan Ju
2. Jian Jia
< p> Hope to adopt it, thank you