After Bunov's death, the translation of Sanskrit classics continued. The most important person in this field is sylvain Levi (1863- 1835), who has traveled to India, Japan, Russia, Palestine, the United States, India, zhina, China, North Korea and other countries. He is a professor at the French Academy in St Petersburg and Kentan University in Saintigny. After returning to France, he became the vice chairman of the Fa Ya Association. 1898 Collected a batch of Sanskrit materials in Nepal, the most important of which are An Hui's Ode to Knowing Thirty, Solemn Classics, etc. Levi compiled and translated it into French for publication. Many of his works have opened a new world of Buddhist philosophy and historical research, and also attracted people's attention to Tibetan Buddhist classics.
Among Li Wei's European students, the Belgian Louis Delavalli Pu Sang has the most outstanding achievements. He translated his family's Dushe into French, and made detailed comments according to the materials of Chinese, Vatican and Pakistan. It is a unique contemporary masterpiece, which includes not only everything, but also general Buddhist philosophy, and can almost be regarded as an encyclopedia of Buddhism. According to the French translation of the Chinese version of On Cheng Weizhi, the relevant materials in Sanskrit and Tibetan are also used as annotations. Pu Xian made great contributions to the translation and introduction of Buddhism in the North.
After Pu Xian, lamotte is the best. He translated The Theory of Great Wisdom and The Theory of Mahayana into French with rich footnotes, which were very popular at that time. Paul Demi'eville used to be a professor at Xiamen University in China, director of the Institute of Japanese Law and Japan, and editor-in-chief of Bulletin, a sinology magazine published in the Netherlands. He attaches great importance to the study of Sino-Tibetan Buddhism and has a great influence on contemporary academic circles.
Master Taixu advocated the influence of Buddhism.
Buddhism became a religious belief in France, beginning with the tour speech of Master Taixu. 1928, he went to England, France, Germany, Holland, Belgium, America and other countries. 1928 went to Marseille, France and Paris to give lectures in September, which was warmly welcomed by French scholars and celebrities, and * * * initiated the establishment of the "World Buddhist Academy". The French government also decided to donate land as courtyard land to show its support. At that time, there was a French Buddhist, Maagel Levi, who was established through consultation with Master Taixu. 1929, with the help of Master Tai Xu, Ms. constance Belle founded the French Buddhist Friendship Association, which was later renamed the Paris Buddhist Association. 1939, she published the bimonthly Buddhist Thought, and held regular Buddhist activities and exhibitions. This organization was different from the Buddhist groups in Britain at that time. Most of its members came from the middle class and its leaders came from the upper class, such as Solbona. Unfortunately, it stopped its activities in 1969.
Vietnamese Buddhists immigrated to France.
Since France once colonized Vietnam, the Khmer Rouge and Laos, 1945 After the outbreak of the Vietnam War, Vietnamese began to emigrate to France and established the "French Buddhist Federation" in Paris. Unfortunately, it was mainly developed in one's own circle, which had little influence on French Buddhism, but now some Vietnamese Buddhist groups have also begun to develop, such as Lingshan Temple, an international Buddhist cultural center in the suburbs of Paris. 1988, the temple also purchased 28 hectares of land in Xianggong City, 40 kilometers away from Limo, and established Dharma City. It plans to train masters from Vietnam, Cambodia and Sri Lanka to spread Buddhism in France and even western countries in the future.
Japanese Zen Buddhism and the Introduction of Japanese Lotus Sect
1970 years later, Japanese Zen masters introduced Zen to France, prompting many Zen temples to be established one after another. The first is the International Zen Association in Paris. In addition, the Daxi Temple in Luoer River and Shehe River and the meditation center in Yades City were founded by Japanese monk Teishimaru Tai Sen and donated to France. Rilianzong has two centers in France, one is in the shuttle area on the outskirts of Paris, and the other is their European center, located in the city of Cuici. There are more than 500 groups of believers, each with about 12 to 15 people. They get together regularly to meditate, practice and discuss Buddhism.
Tibetan Buddhism emphasizes collective practice.
Tibetan Buddhism was introduced into China in 1970s. Life in Tibetan practice center is a kind of monastic life of collective practice. Some of them offer Buddhist courses for three years, three months and three days, with lamas leading the public to meditate and practice. Among them, there are three groups: 1. Zagbugaju Ridge, founded in 1977, is located in the province of San Leon on the banks of the Weisai River; 2. Gaju Mausoleum, founded in 1974, is located in Baleshu Castle, Bunol City. In addition, there is a men's practice center and a women's translation center. 3.Karma Ling is located in Avia province and was founded in 1980. It is headed by the French Lama Dennis Dentu, and features the integration of traditional Buddhism and western religions. It regularly holds debates on religion, Buddhism and modernism, attracting many intellectuals to participate. The French Buddhist Association was founded on June 28th, 1986. It consists of six committees: first, the Committee for Religious Dialogue actively participates in large-scale public debates; Second, the Committee on Buddhism and Modernity, whose ethics subcommittee has expressed opinions on social issues such as abortion, artificial insemination, euthanasia and genetics, which has aroused the interest of the public and even the Catholic Church; 3. Information Dissemination Committee, which provides Buddhist information to various media; 4. Social Activities Committee, with subcommittees on prison education, religious education and liaison with humanitarian organizations. A few years ago, the Prison Education Committee obtained the consent of the Ministry of Justice to teach in prisons or reformatories. Fifth, the Committee protects the rights and interests of Buddhism in legal proceedings; 6. The International Relations Committee is responsible for maintaining good relations with different international institutions, such as the United Nations delegation and the European Parliament.
Buddhists came to the west to spread Buddhism and educate the public.
1989, Vietnam Zen Temple was completed. The following year, Master Li Ming, the abbot, invited Master Ci Rong of Foguangshan to preside over the opening ceremony. Hungry for Buddhism, local expatriates have repeatedly invited Xingyun to build a temple in Paris to preach Buddhism. 199 1 In April, Master Cizhuang and Wildlott, who lived in the suburbs of Paris, found a14th century French monument, Reno Castle, as a Dojo. It is the first temple built for Foguang Mountain in Europe, and Master Cizhuang is the first abbot. 1April, 992 17, Xingyun went to Paris Castle to host the inaugural meeting of the Paris Buddha's Light Society, and then held bonsai and Guanyin method in the castle. Many people were deeply moved and volunteered to join the Buddha Light Society, demanding to become believers. Later, in order to facilitate people to pay homage to Buddhism, a temporary office was set up in the thirteenth district of Paris, and the activities to popularize Buddhism were mainly family photos, cadre training and Buddhist lectures. Due to the increasing number of believers and lack of space, the second abbot moved to a warehouse next to Stalin Avenue in the 94th district on 1993 with the assistance of Jiang and Zhan Hangkun, the former president of the Buddha Light Society, and officially began to spread Buddhism. With the concerted efforts of Qi Xin, more than 30 Dharma meetings were held in this harsh environment, and many cultural, educational, charitable and social activities were also held by the Buddha Light Association. 1August 1995, approved by the municipal government. At present, in addition to routine dharma meetings, there are Buddhist classes, children's classes, medical lectures, cultural and artistic exhibitions and other activities. In addition, Master Ci Zhuang and Master Yi also went to Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands and other countries to help set up the Buddha Light Society.
1May, 1996 12, the Buddhist bathing party held by the Buddhist Association of Paris and Foguang Mountain in Paris in Fanshang Forest was packed with people. French Figa newspaper, National TV 2 and TV 3 made special interviews on the spot. In August of the same year, the International Buddha Light Association held the fifth World Member Congress in the Paris International Conference Hall. President Clinton and Vice President Gore of the United States sent congratulatory messages. Mr. Gloria Marcus, a member of the French Parliament, Ms. Martinez, a senator from California, and Jack Martin, president of the French Buddhist Association, and other guests attended the ceremony. All this shows that the achievements of Foguang people in popularizing law in France in just a few years have been affirmed by the public.