Problem description:
The more fragrant and detailed, the better.
Analysis:
First, the source of the Han nationality's high surname As far as population is concerned, the high surname now lives in China 15. The distribution center of Gao surname has always been in the east of China, and the west is also concentrated in northern Shaanxi. In addition to Korean, Bai, Manchu, Gaoshan and other ethnic minorities, there are a few members with high surnames, most of whom belong to Han nationality. The first person named Gao who appeared in Historical Records was Huangdi-Yuan, a court official. The high surname of later generations comes from the ancient Jiang surname, whose origin can be traced back to another ancestor of the Chinese nation, Emperor Yan. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, King Wu appointed Jiang Shang, commander-in-chief of the Shang army, as Qi Huangong, known as the squire. Qi Taigong's sixth grandson (according to historical records, the eighth grandson) and Qi Wengong Jiang Chi had a son who was sealed in Gaoyi (in present-day Yucheng County, Shandong Province) and was awarded the hereditary title of "Gaozi". His names were called "Gao" and "Gongzi Gao". Gao Jiang's grandson, named Jiang Nuo and Zhong Jing (posthumous title), is said to be a "white rabbit". He was appointed by the Zhou Emperor as an official of the State of Qi, in charge of military and political power. Thanks to the cooperation with Guan Zhong, Qi Huangong ruled the Central Plains and made great achievements. Duke Huan gave the name "in the name of father (grandfather)", so it was called Gao Nuo. Later generations thought that the ancestors of Gao descendants were * * *. After Gao Xi's death, later generations inherited the position of supernatant. Gao's family and Guo's family, both ministers, became the two most prominent big noble in Qi. Gao Xi's tomb is still in Baituqiu Village, Zhongjing Town, Linzi, Shandong Province. Tian Daiqi, a high decline, many people moved to places such as Luyanguo. It was not until the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty that the surname Gao gradually recovered, forming five big noble families: Bohai, Yuyang, Liaodong, Guangling and Henan. Second, the high surname 1, the mainstream of the high surname-the origin of the Gao family in Bohai. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Gao Hong, the satrap of Bohai County, was the twenty-fifth grandson of Gao's ancestors during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Qing Dynasty in Qi State. After Gao Hong became the magistrate of Bohai County, he settled in Kun County (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province). Gao Hong's descendants are very prosperous and become the most famous surname clan in Jingxian history. This is the mainstream of the world's high surname "Bohai Gao". There are still more than ten miles of high tombs in the Southern and Northern Dynasties in the southwest of the county 15km. After Gao Hong, until the Southern and Northern Dynasties, no family stories were recorded in historical books. I only know that Gao Hong's descendants were officials from generation to generation, all the way to the Northern Dynasties. 2. As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, Gao Jinling, the southern branch of Bohai High School, rose. Wu Yun, Wu Xi, Biao Gao and Gao Dai are all famous Neo-Confucianism in Jiangdong. From the Three Kingdoms to the Jin Dynasty, the Gao family was born and formed in the late Jinling period. Jin, whose ancestral home is in Danyang, Dongwu (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) and Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu) is Gao Rui, so it is also called Guangling Gao. The genealogy map of Gao's family in Xiaoshan, Zhejiang Province lists Gao Rui as after Gao Hong. According to this, Jinling Gaoshi is also a branch of Bohai Gaoshi. Gao Rui's fourth grandson, Gao Mao, moved to Moling (now south of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) and became the ancestor of Jinling (now Changzhou, Jiangsu Province). Gao Jian later became an official of Danyang Yin, doctor Guanglu and feudal minister. Gao Song, the son of Gao Jian, was a servant (prime minister) when he mourned the emperor's official, and his nephew was an official servant. In the Sui Dynasty, Gao Rui, 13 Sun Gaozi, served as a bachelor of secretary. When Gao Zichang's son lived in high school, his position was equivalent to that of prime minister. However, after the Southern Song Dynasty, the ancestor of Gao family in Jinling was Luling (Qiongtai). 3. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, the northern branch of Bohai Sea High-Shi was formed. Sun (son), a member of the Gao family in Qi State, and Gao Wupi, the seventh generation of Gao Nuo, fled to Beiyan after failing in the struggle with their political opponents. In the "Yongjia Rebellion" at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the most famous families in the Central Plains moved southward one after another, while the Gao family in Bohai mainly immigrated to Youzhou (now Beijing) on a large scale. In the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 306), Gao Zhan was appointed as a businessman and returned to his hometown after the Yongjia Rebellion? He and his uncle led thousands of villagers to Youzhou in the north, and merged with the local ancestors of Gao surname (such as Gao's) to form Gao's in Yuyang (now southwest of Beijing). Yong Nv (located in Yuyang County, northwest of Wuqing, Tianjin) was the Governor of Shanggu and the Hou of Guanzhong in the Western Jin Dynasty. His fifth grandson, Gao Lvwen, was outstanding in literary talent. He served as the supervisor of the Chinese Book when Emperor Xiaowen was in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and was called "the second highest" with Gao Yun. 4. After the other northern branch of Bohai moved to Youzhou, it was difficult to get along with Wang Jun's changeable policies, and then moved to Liaodong (now Liaoyang, Liaoning) with Pingzhou secretariat and Dongyi captain. He used to be the satrap of Xuantu (now Fushun, Liaoning). One of his seven grandchildren is Gao Huan, the founder of the Gao regime in Northern Qi Dynasty. The Gao family, who migrated to Liaodong with Gao Zhan and Yin Gao, became the source of Liaodong Gao family, one of Gao's five great hopes. Gao Ce, a native of Xinchang, Liaodong, once served as a regular rider and Xinchang Hou under Feng Ba, the master of Beiyan, and his son Gao Yu was the Duke of Jiande, Beiyan. Later, more than 500 families went to Wu Tai in the Northern Wei Dynasty, where they lived in the official residence. Gao was appointed as the prefect of Wuyi and settled down? County. Gao, Gao Daoyue, and Emperor Xiaowen were appointed as the imperial historian, the assistant imperial historian, and the illegitimate son of the Prince. Is Sui Xiang Gao Ying's ancestor from Bohai Sea? County, to the frontier fortress to be an official, children and grandchildren stay in Liaodong, to the highest, great-grandfather tall, Taihe years to the Northern Wei Dynasty, generations of officials. 5. The origin of Gao's family in Henan The five big noble families listed in Guang Yun in the Song Dynasty, Bohai, Yuyang, Liaodong, Guangling and Henan, all originated in the Bohai Sea and all have the origin of the Jin Dynasty. It's just that the formation process of the Gao family in Henan is complicated. "Henan" refers to Henan County, located in the northeast of Luoyang City, Henan Province. After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the connotation of "Henan" was mainly the change of Xianbei people's ownership during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the seventeenth year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 493), Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital from Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi) to Luoyang, and gradually implemented the policy of sinicization. In 496 AD, all the surnames of the ministries that moved into Xianbei were changed to Han surnames, which were called "Henan Lu surnames" in history. Anyone who moved to Xianbei was born in Luoyang. Gao Henan was also produced under this background. Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surnames attributed the assistant minister of Sui Dynasty to Gao's family in Henan. 6. Other branches of Gao surname Apart from the five viewpoints of Gao surname listed in the above-mentioned Guang Yun and other ancient books, there are other branches of Gao surname originated from Bohai Sea in history. For example, Koguryo's Gao family came from Bohai Sea, and the Gaofu brothers also fled to Koguryo in the "Yongjia Rebellion". When Xian Di was in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Gao Qian, the grandson of Gao Fu, returned to Liaodong to live. Gao Xiang and Gao, the fourth grandchildren of Gao Gu, also returned to the Northern Wei Dynasty during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen. Gaoxiang's daughter and granddaughter became queens, and Gaoxiang's sons Gao Zhao and Sun Gaomeng became Xu. Gao Zhao is also in the high position of the prime minister. Nowadays, an expense of the Gaos in North Korea has always come from this family. Beihai Gaobohai Gunners moved to Qingzhou (now Linzi North, Shandong Province) with Murong De, the main commander of Xianbei Southern Yan, and later settled in Beihai Drama County (now southeast of Changle, Shandong Province), becoming the founder of Beihai Gaos. Sun Gaocong, the fourth generation of Gao Yi, is a literary talent and has also studied martial arts. He was appreciated and promoted by his grandfather, Gao Yun, a famous Northern Wei Dynasty star, and served as the secretariat of Youzhou and the general of Anhua. Tang Dezong, a wise man in Jingzhao, was Gao Ying, assistant minister of Zhongshu at that time, and was in charge of Pingzhang (prime minister) under Zhongshu. He moved from Kun County in Bohai Sea to yu zhou (now Jixian County in Henan Province) and then to Jingzhao (now Xi 'an in Shaanxi Province). Gao Ying's great-grandfather Gao Qing was appointed as Sui Cheng (now Sui Cheng, Xu Shui, Hebei), his grandfather was a long history of Cangzhou (ancient Bohai County), and his father Gao was appointed as the right gleaner before he settled in Jingzhao. Gao went to Jingzhao to join the army. Third, the rise and fall of the Bohai Sea is higher than that of the Bohai Sea after the formation of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the Western Jin Dynasty gradually flourished, forming the above branches. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Bohai High School became the representative of the gentry in Shandong (east of Taihang Mountain) and entered its heyday. Gao Huan and Gao Cheng, who successively served as prime ministers, controlled the military and political power of the Eastern Wei Dynasty. Even Gao Yang, the highest brother, accepted the Zen position of Emperor Xiaojing (son-in-law of Gao Huan) of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, became prime minister and king of Qi, and became the founding monarch of the Northern Qi Dynasty. The Sui Dynasty was short-lived, and there were only a few high-ranking officials left by the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Among them, Gao Ying, the son of Gao Huan's cousin, Gao Cai, the assistant minister of the official department, made great contributions in the unified war. In the Tang Dynasty, the surname Gao was once revived. First of all, the son of (word Shilian), as the uncle of Emperor Taizong, became the hero of the founding of the country, which is a photo of Emperor Taizong. After Gao Shilian, the Gao family mostly lived in later generations. Besides Gao Shilian, there were four powerful prime ministers in the Tang Dynasty. Gao Shilian's brother Gao Jifu; Gao Kun, grandson of Gao Shilian VIII; Gao Ying, a native of Jingzhao, comes from a branch of Qianweizhou in Bohai Sea. Gao was born in Yixing, Jinling (now Yixing, Jiangsu), and his ancestors came from Guangling, a branch of Bohai Sea. In the Tang Dynasty, six famous soldiers emerged in Qi Fei, Gao Wenwu and Bohai, and four of them were crowned as kings. Gao Kaidao, who claimed to be the prince of Yan, was once named the king of Peiping County by the Tang Dynasty. Gao Chongwen was named King of Bohai and King of Nanping successively. Gao, the king of Yixian. Gao Pian, the grandson of Gao Chongwen, was named king of Bohai County. The Tang Dynasty experienced two great upheavals, namely "An Shi Rebellion" and "Huang Chao Uprising", and evolved into a chaotic situation of five dynasties and ten countries. The members of Bohai Gao are scattered all over the country, and their genealogy is scattered, so that after five dynasties, the high-ranking figures in historical records are no longer called "Bohai Kunren", but their respective fathers and even their own birthplace, which also marks the disintegration of Bohai Gao. The lower limit of the existing high tombs in Hejing County is the Tang Dynasty, which is a reflection of the above historical facts. After the death of the Northern Song Dynasty, a large number of Gao families crossed the south, and the genealogy of the southern Gao family still generally recorded that their ancestors came from the Bohai Sea. Four. Gao Jixing, the successor of Bo, was the founder of Jingnan regime, one of the five dynasties and ten countries. He claimed to be a brave general in Beiqi, so he also came from Bo. Similar to the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Gaos in Jingnan took martial arts as their family style. Jingnan is the second dynasty established by Gao in Bohai Sea. After the Northern Song Dynasty, as a descendant of Bo, Gao Qiong, the great hero of the Song Dynasty, should have the clearest pedigree and the most prominent position. The genealogy of Gao's family in Yanmen, Haining, which was revised six times in the third year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1877), preserved the Preface of Gao's Family in Bohai issued by Emperor Song Longfei in the first year of Daoguang to the sixth generation of Sun Qiong. The preface says: "During the reign of Emperor Taizong, the Gao clan spread all over Shandong, especially in the Bohai Sea. His son's taboo is from Ji ... now he is regarded as an ancestor ... Great fathers are taboo. " "Biography of Haining" also said: "The public is afraid of climbing the mountain, and the seven grandchildren of literature are also afraid of Yue's eldest son." Thus, "Shen Gong" is Gao Shilian, then Prime Minister of Emperor Taizong and "official document" of posthumous title. According to the haining pu, Gao Qiong is the grandson of Gordon VI, Gao Shilian 13, Gao hong 30, Gao chai 45, Gao Xi 54 and Jiang Shang 62 (according to historical records, he is the grandson of 64). There are many children in Gao Qiong. According to the "Two Kings Monument" written by Prime Minister Gui Wang in the ninth year of Xining (A.D. 1076), the descendants of Gao Qiong, the king of Wu at that time, had 14 sons (all dead), 12 daughters, 63 grandsons and 145 great-grandchildren. Gao Qiong's great-granddaughter was the biological mother queen who assisted the three dynasties, and she was known as "Yao Shun among women" in history. Since Gao Qiong, seven people have been crowned as kings in the fifth generation: Gao Qiong as King Wu Lie, Zi Jixun as Kang Wang, Sun Zunfu as King of Chu, his great-grandson Shilin as King of Pu 'an County, Hong Shi as King of Wu 'an County, his great-grandson Gong Xun as King of Xianning County and Gong Ji as King of Xinxing County. Gao Shize, the son of Gao Shize, was the marshal of the world's military forces at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty and the camp assistant of Kang Wang. Later, nomads from Zhao Gou, Emperor Gaozong, crossed the river and moved to the east coast of Zhejiang Province, where he was appointed as a member of the Yuan Shuaifu Senate. Later, he was appointed as Wanshou Guanshi, Kaifu Yitong No.3 Division, Wen our time and Taibao. The descendants of Gao Shize's eldest son Gao Bai lived in Wenzhou, and the descendants of his second son Gao Qian lived in Yinshanxi (now Xiaoshan, Zhejiang). According to the genealogy of Gao's family in Xiaoshan, Yuezhou, during the Jingkang period in the Northern Song Dynasty, more than 200 Gao Shize and his brothers of the same age crossed the Yangtze River and Zhejiang in Nandu, and hundreds of others were displaced in the Central Plains. Gao Shize's family scattered in Lin 'an, Qiantang, Wenzhou, Yin Shan, Shangyu, Pinghu, Haining, Renhe, Yuyao, Yuhang, Taizhou, Chuzhou, Ningbo, Wuxi and Suzhou in the south of the Yangtze River, and became the main body of today's Zhejiang Gao surname. During the Jian 'an period (A.D.1127-1130), the emperor ordered the construction of the Five Kings Temple in Wulinmen, Hangzhou, to honor Gao Qiong, Gao Jixun, Gao Zunfu, Gao Zun-fu, and Gao Gao. At the beginning of Shaoxing (A.D. 1 13 1), a sub-temple was built in Baidawan, Ximeihua Mountain, Shanyin County. Since the second year of Daodao (A.D. 1 166), the principle of respecting the young and protecting loyalty has been attached. Qiantang Gaoyi was a bachelor (prime minister) in Wenyuan Pavilion, the official residence of Ming Dynasty. According to Gao Qiong Gao Jilun's grandson Gao Yaozu and Gao Jihe's great-grandson Gao, who fled from the "front of the Qing Temple" in the second year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 1069), lived in Fuqing and Zhangpu respectively. Gordon (without Dongxi), grandson of Gao Yaozu, the ancestor of Zhangpu Kaiji, a scholar, Di Gong Lang, an ancient county magistrate, and his fourth son Gao Fu hired Miss Yin Ping, the daughter of Yue Fei, as his wife. Some descendants of Gao Fu, the eldest son of Gao Deng, moved to Chaoyang and Huilai in eastern Guangdong. The descendants of Gao in southern Fujian and eastern Guangdong moved to Hong Kong and Taiwan and overseas countries such as Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore. In addition, according to folk genealogy records, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Fujian, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Henan and other provinces all have families clearly recorded as descendants of Bohai Gao's celebrities. According to the genealogy of Gao family in Fuxi compiled by 1926, the ancestor of Gao family in Fuxi County, Zhejiang Province was the sixth grandson of Gao Huan, the god emperor of the Northern Qi Dynasty. In the fourth year of Tang Xianheng (AD 673), he was appointed as the magistrate of Yongping County, Fujian Province, and the fifth ancestor Gao Dewen lived in the south of Shaowu City. Until 12, Gao Xun was appointed as the secretariat of Quzhou in the Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1324- 1328) and later lived in Fuxi. His younger brother Gao lived in Fengcheng, Hongdu (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). According to the Six Classics of Gao Ziyang compiled by Bo Hai Tang 1936, Gao Jixing, a descendant of Wang Wu in Nanping, belongs to Gao's family in the outer city of Yiyang, Hunan, and moved to Ningxiang, Yuanjiang, Huarong, Xiangxiang, taohuajiang, Xiangyin, Changde, Jishui, Hubei, Sichuan and other places in the Yuan Dynasty. According to "History of Song Dynasty", Sun Gaoyou, the grandson of Gao Jixing IV, lived in seclusion in Leopard Valley and refused to be an official for many times, asking his brother to take office. Gaozhou Hou gave lectures at Jingzhaofu School. According to Hefei Gao's genealogy, this expenditure comes from Gao Ruona (deputy minister) who participated in politics in the Southern Song Dynasty. Gao Ruona, the seventh ancestor of Gao Ruona (word civilization), is the fifth grandson of Gao Shilian in the Tang Dynasty (the book of New Tang Dynasty is the sixth grandson). Gao Ruona 4 Sun Gaoliang lived in seclusion in Xishan, Fucheng, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, and was called "Gaoliangshan". At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the four brothers moved from Dehua, Jiujiang to Gouqushan, Jurong County, Jiangsu Province, and soon moved to Luzhou (now Hefei). After that, they scattered in four townships, and now they have grown to more than 10,000 people. Gao's family in Jixi County and susong county is said to have originated from Gao Chongwen in the Tang Dynasty. According to 1934, the fifth Gao Chongwen Sun was born in Jixi County in 875 AD. Because of the war, he could not return to his hometown, so he stayed in Jixi. According to Su Song's Complete Compilation of Gao's Genealogy, Gao Chongwen's son was Gao, and his descendants lived in Chongqing and Chengdu and spread to Gaozuyi. The Yuan Dynasty was then the governor of Huainan, and his son Gao Rui just settled outside the west gate of Anqing House. In the early Ming Dynasty, Gao Shixian and Gao moved to Su Song, living in the south of the city and the east of the city respectively. On the other hand, Gao Hou moved to Yizhou, Jiangxi with Yao and Zhou Zishu, and then the four brothers lived in Pengze, Jianning, Shangqing, Susong and Huangmei (now Hubei) at the mouth of Dehua Lake in Jiujiang. It is also said in the spectrum that Gao's family in Chengdu started from Gao Chongwen, Gao's family in Anhui (Anqing) started from Gao Ruifu, and Gao's family in Susong started from Gao Zuyi. Gao's family of Bai nationality in Yunnan originated from Bai Man's family, an official of Qingping, Dali in Song Dynasty. According to the Genealogy of Gao's Family in Tusi Village, Heyang, Yunnan Province (Wansinian 1942 manuscript), his ancestral home is Jinggang Village, Luling County, Ji 'an District, Jiangxi Province, and his ancestors can also be traced back to Gao Chongwen in Tang Dynasty. His grandson and Tang 'an Nandu protected Gao Pian and attached great importance to freedom. Since Gao Wang Zuoqi, the son of Gao Fang, the Yi and Bai nationalities have implemented the joint father-son system, such as Gao Shengsheng, Gao Shengjun and Jun Gao Bu, which implies that this generation has integrated into the Bai nationality. Until the end of Qing Dynasty, Gao of Bai nationality inherited the position of Heqing Tusi. It can be seen that Gao Chongwen's descendants are widely distributed in Sichuan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Fujian and Yunnan. Customs clearance in song and yuan dynasties? In the ninth year (A.D. 1094), Wang Duan of Dali ascended the throne as a Zen master, and was called "Greater China symbolizes the emperor". This is the third dynasty established by the Gaos in Bohai Sea. After Gao Shengtai's death, his son Gao Taiming returned to Duan according to his father's will, but he was still a hereditary official and was called the "Lord of the High Kingdom". However, there are still differences as to whether Dali's first visit to Thailand was attributed to Tang general Gao Chongwen. According to the Records of the Ten Kingdoms in the Spring and Autumn Period, Gao Pian gave birth to a grandson, thinking that he was my envoy in the Tang Dynasty. He lived in Xichuan before Shu, became a big official after Shu, and Meng Chang was a Taifuqing after Song. According to 1990 Gao's Genealogy in Huaiyang and Xiangcheng, Henan Province, Gao's Genealogy rebuilt in Weiyang in Guangxu, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province in 33 years, Gao's Genealogy in Dingnan, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, and Gao's Genealogy in Chenghai, Guangdong Province, all the Gao's in the four places came from the founding father of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin's brother-in-law and the second branch of Jiangsu moved south after the death of Gao Huaide, king of Bohai County in the Northern Song Dynasty. An ancestor of Chenghai moved to Fujian and Guangdong with the emperor at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, but his descendants stayed after the failure. According to some data, the Gao Huaide family, like Gao Chongwen, who rose in the oil and salt areas, was also born in the Bohai Sea, and can be linked with Gao Shilian to become the grandson of 12. As for the vast northern areas, due to the wars and turmoil in the past dynasties, especially in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, many aristocratic families moved south with their genealogy, stayed in the Central Plains or died in the Anti-Japanese War, or took refuge incognito, so it was naturally difficult to preserve their genealogy. Therefore, the genealogy of the northern Gao surname can only be traced back to the turn of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and the specific origin relationship with the Bohai Gao surname has been difficult to find out. But like the southern high surname, the legend of Bohai high surname has been passed down from generation to generation. To sum up, Bohai Gao, which was formed in the Eastern Han Dynasty, became the mainstream of high surnames in later generations. During the Jin and Tang Dynasties, celebrities and branches of Gao surname all came from Bohai Sea. Bohai Sea became the representative of Shandong gentry higher than the Southern and Northern Dynasties. After the Tang Dynasty, it disintegrated and spread to the whole country, and it crossed the south on a large scale in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Since modern times, the well-documented Gao family, second only to the famous Gao family in Bohai, has been widely distributed in southern provinces of China and Henan. As a matter of fact, almost all families with Gao surname today, even if their genealogy is incomplete, agree that they are Bohai people. Therefore, it can be said that "the highest surname in the world is Bohai". Su Song's Complete Compilation of Gao's Genealogy also said that Gao Chongwen was the fifth grandson of Gao Shilian in Tang Dynasty. Gao Ruona is listed as the grandson of Gao Shilian 12 in Hefei Gao's genealogy. If there is evidence for the above two genealogies, it can be seen that Gao Shilian Gao, a branch of the Northern Qi royal family from Bohai Sea, became the main surname in Zhejiang and other places after Gao Qiong, a branch of King Wu of the Northern Song Dynasty, crossed south in Jingkang, and also formed the backbone of the whole southern Gao in later generations. It is true that genealogy and word of mouth may not belong to the history of belief, but in the case of incomplete historical materials, genealogy and word of mouth have become extremely precious materials for studying clan history. In fact, they can often make up for the shortcomings of history and reveal many historical mysteries. Therefore, without conclusive evidence, we should not give them up rashly. For the phenomenon that many different branches of surnames trace back to the same historical celebrity, the academic circles have already made a detailed analysis, and think that there are both authenticity and authenticity, so we can't generalize. As far as the genealogy materials cited in this paper are concerned, except the pedigree of Gao Qiong, a descendant of the Northern Song Dynasty, recorded in the Genealogy of Gao Family in Xiaoshan and Haining, Zhejiang Province, which is quite detailed and highly credible, the authenticity of other genealogies is temporarily difficult to judge because of scattered records. However, even if a considerable part is unreliable, it does not seem to hinder the overall situation today. Because it doesn't matter who our ancestors were thousands of years ago. Importantly, these genealogies and legends cast a firm belief that people come from the same ancestor. It is this belief that urges Chinese people around the world to firmly believe that they are descendants of the Chinese people, thus becoming a powerful spiritual bond to maintain the unity of the Chinese nation. Note: 1 See Shiben. (2) See (Tang): Yuan He's surname compilation, The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Prime Minister's lineage. 3 See "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty Prime Minister's Descent". 4 See Jing County Records, Tianjin People's Publishing House, pp. 750 and 969, 199 1 version. 5. See Genealogy of Prime Minister of the New Tang Dynasty and Genealogy of Gao Family in Dongguali, Xiaoshan, Yuezhou, Zhejiang. 6. See Biography of Wen Yuan in the Later Han Dynasty and Genealogy of Surnames. 7 See Biography of Hua Yi in the Book of Jin, Biography of Gao Song in the Book of Jin and Genealogy of Prime Minister in the New Tang Dynasty. 8 See "New Tang Book Gao Zhichuan Zhou". 9 See "Branches of Jin" by Changzhou Shouyutang. 10 See Chunqiu Zuozhuan Collection. For 1 1, please refer to the biography of Jin Shu Gao Zhan. 12 See Biography of Northern History and Gao Lv. 13 See Zhuan and Zhuan Shen. 14 See Biography of Shu Wei Gao Dao Yue. 15 See Biography of Sui Shu Gao Ying. 16 See Yao Weiyuan: Textual research on Hu surname in Northern Dynasties. 17 See (Song) Deng: Dialectics of Surnames in Ancient and Modern Times, Volume XI. 18 See Shu Wei, Biography of Gao Chong and Biography of Gao Zhao. 19 See Biography of Shu Wei Gao Yan. 20 See Biography of Gao Ying in the New Tang Dynasty. 2 1 See Shu Wei's biographies. 22 See related biographies in the Book of Northern Qi Dynasty. See "Master Ji and the Twelve Kings of Wucheng in the Northern Qi Dynasty". 24 See The Biography of Gao Shilian in the New Tang Dynasty. 25 See Xiaoshan Spectrum. See Biography of New and Old Tang Books. 27 See Biography of Gao Jixing in the Old Five Dynasties. 28 See Six Revision of Gao's Genealogy in Yanmen, Haining, Zhejiang Province, which was revised in the third year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. 29 See Xiaoshan Spectrum. 30 See Biography of Gao Yi in Ming Dynasty. 3 1 For details, please refer to my essay: Origin and Cultural Tradition of Gaos in East Guangdong, published in Lingqiao Chunqiu, China Encyclopedia Publishing House, 1994. See History of the Yuan Dynasty (Volume 6 1). Another article details. See Ming History, Biography of High Arch and Biography of High Valley. This article was originally published in the 4th issue of Hebei Academic Journal, 1998. For the content, please refer to History and Tradition of the Group with the High Family Name edited by Gao Lujia, Inner Mongolia University Press, 1997 edition.