2. In the Central Plains Festival in Julian Waghann, the sacrifice of family members will never be forgotten. Don't forget to tell your father about it at home when the imperial army regains the northern territory. )
3. Read Xiuzi silently and think about how to express the poet's feelings.
I draw sentences. A poem expressing the poet's feelings.
L Experience emotion: Xiuzi expresses the poet's patriotic desire to restore the Central Plains and unify the whole country until his death.
Lu You (1125-1210) is an outstanding patriotic poet in China. Throughout his life and his more than 9,000 poems, he has always been permeated with a strong patriotic spirit, thus forming the most remarkable characteristics of his poetry creation and laying his lofty position in the poetry circle of the motherland.
I am dead, I know everything is empty, but I am sad that I can't see Kyushu. Julian Waghann decided to celebrate the Central Plains Festival in the north. I haven't forgotten to tell you about the family sacrifice!
Translated into modern Chinese is:
I know that when I die, everything in the world has nothing to do with me; But the only thing that makes me sad is that I didn't see the reunification of the motherland with my own eyes.
Therefore, when the day comes when Song Jun recovers the lost land in the Central Plains, you will hold a family sacrifice. Don't forget to tell your father the good news!
This poem is Lu You's masterpiece. Before he died, he was still obsessed with the territory and people of the Central Plains occupied by the Nuzhen nobles, eagerly looking forward to the reunification of the motherland, so he specially wrote this poem as a will to earnestly warn his son. From here, we can realize how persistent, deep, warm and sincere the patriotic passion of the poet is! It is no wonder that since the Southern Song Dynasty, anyone who has read this poem will be moved by it, especially when foreign enemies invaded or the motherland split, which caused countless people to praise it.
Lu You lived in an era when ethnic contradictions were extremely acute in Chinese history. /kloc-At the beginning of the 20th century, the Nuzhen nationality in the northeast of China established the State of Jin. In the second year after Lu You was born, Jin occupied Bianjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the third year, Huidi and Qin Shihuang were exiled, and the country perished in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou, the younger brother of Qin Zong, fled to the south. When he established political power in Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), he did not try to make a fortune and recover lost ground. Instead, he appointed the notorious traitor Qin Gui as the prime minister, intending to kneel down and make peace with the Jin people. In the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1 142), peace was achieved. He also promised to donate 252,000 pieces of silver and 250,000 pieces of silk every year, with the Jin people as the boundary marker. From then on, the great rivers and mountains in the north became the territory of the Jin people, and the vast people in the north were enslaved by the Jin people, while the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty was just a peaceful corner and was squeezed by the Japanese. Later, the Longxing Peace Conference signed by Zhao Tuo and Kim and the Kathy Peace Conference signed by Ning and Kim were expanded. Of course, the vast majority of Han people who have always opposed ethnic oppression cannot tolerate it. Therefore, in this historical era, I don't know how many outstanding sons and daughters of the Chinese nation have stepped forward and launched an indomitable struggle, and Lu You is their outstanding representative on the literary front.
Lu You lived through the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty and the first half of the Southern Song Dynasty. Because he fled hastily under the invasion of the enemy in his childhood and was encouraged by the patriotic remarks of his family and relatives, Lu You felt deeply about the serious national disaster at that time, so he planted the seeds of patriotic revenge in his heart as early as his youth. After that, he became an official in the imperial court and local government, joined the army in the front line of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and lived in his hometown of Shaoxing until his later years. This seed takes root, germinates, is quite dry and then blooms. Although it is constantly destroyed by wind and rain, it is also growing, growing, and finally producing fruitful results. There is a passage in "Ou Bei Shi Hua" by Zhao Yi, a poet in Qing Dynasty, which is very general. He said:
When Weng Fang was in his teens, he had learned the order of putting good before evil, so he was as cold as ice. As far as the meaning of Chunqiu is concerned, no one is excessive, so he will remain unchanged for life. After entering Shu, under the protection of the envoy Wang Yan, he passed through Nanzheng and looked at Shu and Du Fu in the distance. His ambition was really full of enthusiasm. The words of his poem have been restored five or six times. After leaving Shu, it was still three or four times. After the seventies, ... Julian Waghann sent a letter to the Northern Expedition, and when he heard that the drums were full of excitement, he could still swallow Zhao, so he still remembered it. When he died, he also said, "I decided to go north to celebrate the Central Plains, and the family sacrifice was recorded as Weng", so his ambition should be known to the public.
Of course, the so-called "five or six out of ten" and "three or four out of ten" here are only rough statistics, and they are only quantitative and superficial; But it can also be seen that Lu You's "Su Zhi" is consistent, extending from childhood to old age. This poem "Xiuzi", in particular, is the patriotic spark of generate at the end of his life, and can also be regarded as a summary of his patriotic thoughts and poems all his life.
Scholars of all ages, after reading the poem Xiuzi, were all moved by it. As early as the Southern Song Dynasty, Liu Kezhuang had a quatrain saying:
It is better to see Lu's death before his death, and it is easy to get angry and open-minded. Coming from afar, knowing that Xiao Lu was ashamed, he recommended Julian Waghann to Luoyang!
After the Jin Dynasty was destroyed by Mongolia in 1234, the government of the Southern Song Dynasty moved troops from Huaixi to Kaifeng City and recovered Luoyang from Kaifeng. Liu Yi was excited, thinking that the descendants of Lu You would obey his will and tell Nai Weng the good news. However, the good times did not last long. The small court of the Southern Song Dynasty, where the mountains were peaceful and the treacherous court officials were rampant, could not even resist the fallen nomads. Thanks to patriotic soldiers and civilians, this crumbling regime lasted for more than 40 years. At this time, Lin Jingxi, a adherent of the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote a poem "Reading Lu Fangweng's Poems", which was extremely painful. At the end of it, there are four words:
The castle peak is full of sorrow, and the battle is full of potential. When I came to Sun, I saw Kyushu Tong. How can I tell you about the family sacrifice?
In other words, when Lu You died, it was a pity that he didn't see Kyushu Tong. Now his grandchildren have seen this situation, but it was not the Song Dynasty that unified China, but the emerging Yuan Empire. How can such news be told to his old man's house? Of the two poems mentioned above, the first one is full of the passion of "however, I packed my books and poems crazily", and the second one expresses the grief of "the voice of national subjugation mourns". Both joy and sadness are caused by the poem "Xiuzi". Their patriotic enthusiasm is closely related to land travel.
As far as I can see, there are no fewer than 30 other comments on Lu's poems (please refer to the Collection of Research Materials on Lu You compiled by Comrade Kong and me), or they have the meaning of "crossing the river in three calls" or are in the same strain as Du Fu's "Loyal to the country". Some of them are crying after reading it, while others feel the same way, which makes people feel deeply.
However, most of the above-mentioned people are influenced by this poem, but they have no time to analyze its content in detail. The article "Patriotic Poetry" by contemporary Mr. Zhu Ziqing is worthy of readers' reference and recommendation. In this article, he divides the patriotic poems in China's classical poems into three items: one is loyalty for a while, that is, loyalty to a surname; Secondly, praise the soldiers who bravely killed the enemy; The second is to be enemies with others, pointing out that the third item is based on nationality and has a wider scope. He thinks that Lu You's patriotism is not only for Zhao, although he has become an official. He once joined the army in the northwest and strengthened the enemy. For the sake of the nation and the country, he has always had the ambition to restore the Central Plains. Therefore, in the patriotic poems of past dynasties, he especially praised this song "Happy Rain".
The poem ShiZi is his last work. He only said "the Central Plains in the North", which is his specialty. This kind of poem is just talking to the son, not a legacy. There is no need to put on airs. He can say something else. But he only said this sentence, which he thought was the most intimate thing. The poem says that "everything is empty" and everything can be put down; "But I'm sad that I can't see Kyushu", but this one can't be put down. Although he "died" and "never saw Kyushu", he believed that "Julian Waghann" would eventually "set the central plains in the north", so he said to his son, "It's my pleasure not to forget the family sacrifice"! To teach a son to "never forget" is to see him never forget. This is the idealization of his patriotic enthusiasm. This ideal is the embryonic form of what we now call "the supremacy of the country" ... perhaps he was the only poet in the past who was worthy of the title of patriotic poet. (See Selected Works of Zhu Ziqing, 1952 Ming Kai Bookstore Edition)
Zhu Ziqing himself is an affectionate patriot, and both new and old poems are well written, so his analysis of Lu You's poems is profound. He saw Lu You's "patriotic enthusiasm and idealization" from the poem Shizi, in other words, the progress of Lu You's patriotic thought and the height it reached. We can further explain and supplement this point: First, Lu You loves the motherland. There are both deep nostalgia for the "adherents" of the Central Plains who endured death and hoped to regain their vitality, and sympathy and pity for the people of the Southern Song Dynasty who lost their gold coins to Hu Qiang. Secondly, he is attached to the great rivers and mountains in the north, which are inseparable from the motherland, such as Three Yellow Rivers in Wan Li, Five Thousand Pagodas of Splendid Flowers, and Two Imperial Palace Ques. The result is "Du Dong's children talk nonsense", and even the whole second generation, "sheepskin is on the left", which changed the living habits of the Han people and forgot the traditions of their ancestors (for related examples, see Chapter 4, Part II of Lu You Biography). These are the main reasons why he is "sad but not happy about Kyushu" and eager to "set the Central Plains in the north". This is also the basic content of his patriotic thought. Lenin said: "Patriotism is the deepest feeling for a country that has consolidated itself for thousands of years." Including the love of one's hometown, motherland, one's own people and excellent traditions. These are the thoughts and feelings expressed in Lu You's poems. Therefore, Zhu Wen claimed that "among the poets in the past, perhaps only he deserves to be called a patriotic poet." Although this evaluation seems to be too emphasized, it is suspected of obliterating others.
Children's poems are precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. Now, although seven or eight hundred years have passed since Lu You wrote the poem Shizi, the patriotic enthusiasm expressed in the poem still makes people cry and think-provoking. "When a bird is dying, its song is also sad; When people are dying, their words are also good. " The sad cry of "but we can't see Kyushu together" in this poem is still a powerful call for the reunification of the motherland and the recognition of the return!