What is "depression and frustration"? "Repression" refers to ideological content. "Shen" means "deep", which means deep, deep and deep. "Depression" means "product", meaning truth, dignity and moral. "Stumbling" refers to the art form, literally refers to the pause and turning point of words and sentences. Emotion is full of twists and turns, rhythm is alternating, and tone is cadence.
The "depression" of thoughts and feelings in Ascending the Mountain and Reading the Book is manifested in the following three aspects:
The content of Du Fu's poems is thick and full. Whether describing reality or sketching history, Du Fu's poems all show heavy ideological connotation and dignified historical consciousness. The words "bitterness, bitterness and hatred" in Ascending the Mountain contain pent-up patriotic feelings and lingering worries about travel. It not only describes the decline, aging and illness of individuals in southwest China, but also reflects the social unrest and destruction from one side. The people were displaced and suffered a lot. The author's sadness is condensed in these four words, which are profound and profound. Another example is "Danqing Temple falls, and the empty mountains are covered with vegetation. I still heard that I left home, and I no longer live in Nanyang (Wuhou Temple). "The Three Kingdoms, divided, have been bound by his greatness. The Eight Faces Castle was built next to the river where his reputation was changing. It stood on a stone as his sorrow, and he did not conquer Wu" ("Eight Arrays"). Du Fu recited many poems by Zhuge Liang and compared them. It is the most comprehensive expression of Wu Hou's mentality and reflects Wu Hou's achievements. Zhuge Liang's lifelong ambition is embodied in the intriguing words "the heart of an old minister", which is rich and intriguing.
Emotional ups and downs. The emotional expression in Du Fu's poems is not straightforward, but hides the change of priorities. The first sentence of Ascending the Mountain, "Apes whimper in the high wind", comes from outer space and shows the poet's emotion of "mourning for autumn" to readers. "Birds fly home over clear lakes and white beaches" is comforting, as if this sadness is limited. It also pushed the poet's "sad autumn" artistic conception to a new height. From "And I see the long river is always rolling forward", the open and distant realm of the "Yangtze River" seems to buffer this sadness. In the description of the scenery, we can figure out the emotional ups and downs of the poet's sad world. The first book of the book: "Where is the Hall of Fame? In a pine forest near the Silk City. " The poet pointed out the geographical location and natural environment of Wuhou Temple, during which the ingenious word "seek" skillfully connected the questions and answers, and wrote the eagerness of the poets who first came to Chengdu to find traces, giving people the impression of yearning and hope. However, the feeling of "spring grass dyed the steps, birds whispered under the leaves" and couplets has changed greatly, and the result of "seeking" is the loneliness of the temple.
This expression is circuitous and implicit. The author often hides his rich feelings in his heart, and nine ileums collide and rotate, but he doesn't pour out all his feelings. Climbing high has the characteristics of heaviness and sadness, and what readers read is a poor Confucian image standing on a high platform. But the author's feelings are deep and not excessive, sad, but not depressed. The first couplet of Shuxiang used a rhetorical question to highlight the poet's way. It also left a suspense for readers. However, when he entered the ancestral hall, the poet did not write those tall halls and magnificent statues, but only wrote a whole article with "Spring Grass on Yingtai" and "Oriole in Leaves", which was full of emotion, which was implicit and meaningful.
"When you are depressed, it is the best word" (Chen Tingzhuo's White Jade Zhai Thorn, Volume 7). It is not only a word, but also a poem. The "frustration" in Gordon's and scholarly language forms is manifested in the following four aspects:
The opening and closing changes of composition. Regarding the composition of Ascending the Mountain, Zhao Wei, an oriental sacred tree, said: "The first four sentences are scenery, and the last four sentences are emotion. One, two broken, three, four complete, brush style change. Five or six open and close, and the narrative point pours out in one breath ... It doesn't feel like a sentence. If you change your pen and change your meaning, you will have a certain composition. " "The artistic charm produced is incomparable to the general poems describing scenery. The lyricism of the last four sentences directly expresses Wan Li's lonely and miserable mood. Finally, write the details of life, that is, "the newly stopped turbid wine glass", which can be opened and closed freely, which is quite surprising. It is this kind of twists and turns that not only makes the literary ideological trend surging, but also makes the emotional expression profound and dignified.
Structural ring nursing. One or three lines of "Mountaineering House" are in the same strain, two or four lines are in the same strain as Jiang Jing, five or seven lines are in the same strain as suffering, and six or eight lines are in the same strain as illness. Wonderful care is rare. The first line and the second line are in the same strain, leading to Sad Autumn, and the second line is written at the end of the neck. This is a discount of 10%. Couplets use two close-ups of "green grass" and "oriole" to set off the sadness of heroes, with a 20% discount. The neckline is full of sad faces, which concisely summarizes the achievements of Zhuge Wuhou, with a 30% discount. After this 30% discount, the poet revealed the finishing touch: "But before he could conquer, he was dead, and the heroes cried on their coats."
The syllables are loud and bright. The predecessors' evaluation of the antithesis art in Mountaineering House is: "Seven words and eight sentences are all right, and the first sentence rhymes. In the early Tang dynasty, people began to create this style, and they began to be accurate ears "(Xu Yinfang's summary method). Needless to say, the first three couplets are very stable. It's hard to say that the tail couplet is also used in antithesis! The couplet "I don't think it's a dialogue" has fine taste, subtle melody and unique shape. The word "bitterness, bitterness and hatred" happens to be four tones of yin and yang, with distinct cadence; The words "down and out" and "new stop" are flat and staggered, and the rhyme is melodious. The poem "Ascending the Mountain" has produced amazing musical beauty in terms of rhythm, rhyme and antithesis. The words "zi" and "empty" in scholarly couplets should be flat and elegant.
Exquisite words Use more refined words. The words "Zi" and "Kong" in the book are especially expressive. Green grass reflects order, but it is spring scenery-because it is difficult for tourists to come; The oriole leaves the leaf, but makes a good sound in the air-because the poet is not interested in listening. The author's poetic heart is all condensed in the words "self" and "emptiness". He often uses reduplicated words. For example, the "rustling" and "rolling" in two poems evoke the spirit (Yang Wanli's "Chengzhai Poetry" is based on the old Tang book? Wang Zhuan, the king who carried out the reform of Emperor Yongzhen in the Tang Dynasty, predicted that the political situation would change and his clothes were wet with tears, but he kept chanting this sentence. This sentence has been passed down from mouth to mouth, and its charm lies in writing the feelings of countless tragic heroes.
Depression and frustration are integrated, and depression obeys depression by virtue of frustration, which complement each other and constitute the main style of Du Fu's poems. The seven rhythms of Ascending the Mountain and the Book of Scholar put deep and rich melancholy feelings in ups and downs, which is undoubtedly an important window to spy out Du Fu's poetic style and has high aesthetic value.