Some people say that this poem "is not only a record of his (Du Fu's) personal wandering career, but also a true portrayal of that turbulent era". Some people say that this poem "shows the poet's feelings of caring about state affairs in the case of poverty and helplessness." ⑥
Some people say that throughout the poem, "Du Fu's feelings when he was worried about the country and hurt the people jumped from the page". ⑦
To sum up, most analysis articles think that "worrying about the country and hurting the time" is the most important content of the poem. I don't think so. This poem was written in Kuizhou, Sichuan three years before Du Fu's death. Before coming to Kuizhou, he lived in Zizhou, Sichuan. In Zizhou, he thought that the Central Plains had been settled, so he suddenly had the idea of "starting my home on that green spring day", but failed to do so. In May, 765, his old friend Yanwu passed away. He lost his support in life and other aspects in Shu, and his situation went from bad to worse. He had to leave Chengdu Caotang, which had been in business for five or six years, and buy a boat to the south. I wanted to go straight to Kuimen, but I stayed in Yun 'an for several months due to illness before I arrived in Kuizhou. If it weren't for the care of the local governor Bai Maolin, he wouldn't have lived here for three years, and he might have to wander around. In these three years, his life is still very difficult and his health is very poor. Therefore, this poem by Du Fu was written under extremely difficult circumstances. In addition, judging from the theme of Du Fu's poems, since he entered Shu, his poems have entered his native land, and his thoughts are not as good as before. This determines that when we analyze the poem Up the Mountain, we can't mechanically relate it to a large number of poems he wrote before entering Sichuan.
Let's briefly analyze the specific content of this poem.
The first four sentences are about what you saw when you climbed the mountain. On windy days, apes in the mountains scream between heaven and earth; Small islands in the cold river, white sand banks and birds in mid-air are also coiled back and forth between heaven and earth. Obviously, Mourning for the Ape is an expression of the author's mood at that time. There is a fishing song: "The Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong is long, and the apes cry three times." Pet-name ruby "apes wail" itself is sad enough, the author was already in a state of want to cry and want to cry silently. Lack of clothing and food, illness, and even like apes, it is difficult to make a few mournful noises. Of course, the word "birds fly back" obviously contaminated the author's subjective color. Because of the "wind rush" and "high sky", the birds struggled painfully on the river. This scene is very similar to the author's painful life. The author has been wandering all his life, but every time he is hit harder. So at this time, his strength to continue struggling like a bird has almost disappeared. In these two sentences, the poet's pain and helplessness are beyond words. Then, the poet's eyes gradually focused on the fallen leaves in the mountains and the waves on the river. The leaves are "boundless", because "the wind is rushing and the sky is high", so there are many leaves, as if they don't know where to fall, where to fall; Waves are "neck-less" Similarly, because the wind is high and the clouds are light, the waves seem to come from nowhere and roll away. These two sentences have a wide realm and really give people a feeling of "flying". This was not only a typical feature of Kuizhou's autumn at that time, but also completely melted the poet himself into the rustling leaves and the tumbling Jiang Tao. The boundless leaves drowned the poet, and Jiang Tao without a neck also drowned the poet. In the face of such vast nature, how small human beings are. In connection with the first sentence, there is a deep sadness between the lines.
The last four sentences are lyrical, writing about the feelings when climbing mountains. The two sentences of the Neck Couplet highly vividly summarize the poet's life experience. The author writes about the feeling of loneliness in space and time, coupled with the sadness and illness in autumn, which makes people feel a deep desolation in their twilight years. After reading this couplet, we can easily see an "old man with haggard face, fluffy white hair and tears streaming down his face". (1) 0 This is Du Fu. To be exact, this is "Flying around, what am I like?" But a sandpiper in the vast world! " ① Du Fu is in 1. From this image, we can hardly see the generous feelings of "worrying about the country and hurting the time", but only the loneliness, boredom and even depression of the poet. The last two poems push this "repression" to the extreme. Because of loneliness and boredom, the poet kept drinking even though life was extremely difficult. Because wine can drown your sorrows, can make people numb, and can make people forget everything for a while. So "bitterness" and "bitterness and hatred" seem to soften "turbid wine" slowly; What's left is more and more white hair and more and more difficult days. The word "new stop" here should mean "just drink" rather than "just quit", because in the first poem of "Five Poems in Nine Days" written by Du Fu at the same time, there is a sentence of "Chongyang drinks a glass of wine alone". Although Du Fu was suffering from severe lung disease at that time, he still kept drinking turbid wine, and a feeling of depression and depression arose.
To sum up, the theme of this poem going up the mountain is not "worrying about the country and hurting the country". What it reveals to readers is mainly "frustration and helplessness", although this poem more or less contains the poet's sorrow in one way or another, although this poem more or less reflects the social reality at that time.
It is true that Du Fu is the greatest realistic poet in the history of our country, and his life is really a life of "worrying about the country and the people", but it seems very debatable to say that he "has never been pessimistic and negative despite hardships". Because there are more than 400 poems/kloc-0 left for later generations, "some of them show occasional negative, escapist or carpe diem thoughts". (1) 4 "climb" poem named "even negative". It is human nature to make mistakes. The reason why Bai Juyi was criticized by later generations is precisely because he went to denial and sinking in his later years. Xin Qiji, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, was all-powerful all his life, but in his later years he lamented helplessly that "I was gentle and tolerant of my later years". Gold is not enough, no one is perfect. Bai Juyi is like this, Xin Qiji is like this, and Du Fu should be like this. No one can be above the society at that time, and it is always limited by the times and classes. Isn't Du Fu also "impossible to deny the status of the emperor?" Really? ①5 "Occasional negation" will not erase Du Fu's glory of "worrying about the country and the people", but will make this great poet more authentic and admired by future generations.
[Note] ① ③ ⑨ ①1Ancient Poetry and Ancient Poetry Teaching ② Anhui Education Publishing House Tang and Song Poetry Essays ④ ⑧ 10 Liaoning People's Publishing House Appreciation of Chinese Classical Literature ⑤ Tutorial ⑤ Shanxi People's Publishing House Tang Poetry Appreciation Dictionary ⑤ Textbook Selection and Practice of Teachers in Anhui Normal School.