Wang Anshi
The stream flows silently around the bamboos, and the flowers and plants west of the bamboos make the spring soft.
Sitting on the thatched eaves facing each other all day long, the mountain becomes more secluded when no birds sing.
Poems that were inspired by current events were often titled "Ji Shi" in the Tang Dynasty. Wang Anshi seems to particularly like this proposition method. There are more than 20 poems in the collection of poems with the title "Ji Shi"; there are also two titles with the place name, time, or time and place name in front of it. About ten songs. "Zhongshan Jishi" is one of them.
This poem is clear and clear. The first two sentences describe the spring scenery of Zhongshan seen in front of us. It consists of two images: one is the stream flowing quietly around the bamboo forest. , there is no sound; first, the flowers and plants on the west side of the bamboo forest are thriving in the spring light. The last two sentences describe the poet's two-level subjective feelings facing this spring scene: one is that he wants to sit opposite the Zhongshan Mountain all day long under the eaves and enjoy the spring scene; the other is that he is in complete silence. , experience the real "secretness" in the mountains. The flowing water is "silent", the flowers and grass are speechless, the mountain birds are "silent", and the poet sits alone. All these highlight the word "secluded". Even if the word "secluded" is not mentioned at the end of the poem, it is enough to show the tranquility of the spring scenery of Zhongshan Mountain. features. The poet writes about the "secretness" of the spring scene in Zhongshan, with the ultimate goal of expressing his tranquil and leisurely feeling of being intoxicated with nature. Chernyshevsky once said: "Those who are tortured by life and tired of interacting with people will love nature with double strength." This poem is the poet's retreat to Jinling after the failure of implementing the new law. Written during the Yuanfeng period, it is not difficult to understand why he was so attached to the spring scenery of Zhongshan and wanted to "sit on the eaves facing each other all day long."
In the poem "Entering Ruoye Stream" by Liang Wangji (Wen Hai), there is a famous line that uses movement to set off tranquility: "The noisy forest is more quiet, and the bird singing mountain is more secluded." The poet is quite fond of it. According to the fifth volume of "Leng Zhai Night Talk", he once said: "The predecessor's poem 'The wind is still and the flowers are still falling' can see movement in the stillness; 'The mountain with the singing of birds is more secluded' can see the tranquility in the movement." This poem The last sentence is obviously used against the original meaning of Wang Ji's poem. Many people hold a negative attitude towards this, or say that this change is "just a dead sentence", or ridicule it as "turning gold into iron". Only Li Bi excused it in "Notes", saying that it was "undesired". "Ears of inheritance"; Cai Shangxiang advocated it in "A Survey of Wang Jinggong's Chronicle", saying: "'The mountain with the song of the bird is more secluded' is renovated in a foreign language, and it is not a good sentence. 'The mountain with the silence of the bird is more secluded'." Use the original words as the tone of renovation. The wonderful realm of poets cannot be limited to this. "To be honest, Li and Cai's words are biased, and they fail to be used here against the meaning of their predecessors. Because the absolute silence without a single bird singing may not necessarily elicit a "secluded" interest, and sometimes it may make people feel lifeless and unpleasant. However, it is the contrast of the birdsong that can easily create a "secluded" aesthetic feeling. Moreover, the sentence modified by the poet is quite problematic in language. If the birds are singing, the mountains will not be secluded, then if the birds are not singing, the mountains will be secluded. Why is there a need for the word "geng"? The word "geng" is an adverb expressing degree. When used in the revised sentence, it is obviously unclear. , redundant. If a poet reads little poetry and does not have the verses of his predecessors in mind, and writes directly about the feelings and emotions in his heart, with his talent, it is not difficult to write good verses; if the poet does not have the habit of being unconventional, he can just use the things he brings. This is not the case with a communist attitude. The poet's ability to learn a lot and seek novelty are his strengths, but in this specific situation it had the opposite effect; but this is a mistake that those who are shallow and mediocre will not make. In addition, although this last sentence is not worthy of praise, on the whole, it is still a masterpiece that blends scenes and is fresh and timeless.
A poem from the Southern Dynasties goes: "The noisy cicada forest is more quiet, and the bird-singing mountain is more secluded." Jinggongchang collected a sentence that goes: "The wind sets the flowers still falling, the bird-singing mountain is more secluded." The speaker said The first sentence has a moving meaning in the quietness, and the next sentence has a quiet meaning in the moving one. This is also a coincidence. As for Jinggong's quatrain, it goes like this: "Sitting on thatched eaves facing each other all day long, the mountain becomes more secluded when there is no bird singing", but it feels boring. If the birds are singing, the mountain will not be secluded. If the birds are not singing, the mountain will be secluded. Why should it be more secluded? This is why it is not as good as the poetry of the Southern Dynasties. (Zeng Jili's "Ting Zhai Poetry")
Wang Wenhai said: "The mountains are more secluded when birds sing", and Wang Jiefu said: "Sitting on the eaves facing each other all day long, the mountains are more secluded when there is no bird singing". Use it contrary to its intention, and block the ears that do not want to follow it. (Volume 8 of Wei Qingzhi's "Poet's Jade Chips" quotes "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Talk")
There is also something ridiculous, "Mountains with singing birds are more secluded", which originally meant that mountains without singing are secluded. Why did Wang Jiefu Yuan takes its original meaning and reverses it? And "the mountain becomes more secluded when a bird doesn't sing". What's the fun? Song people are ridiculous, that's probably it.
(Volume 3 of Wang Shizhen's "Yi Yuan Yan")