From 1934 to 10, the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" failed due to the wrong leadership of Bo Gu Kailai and Li De's "Left" dogmatism. The main force of the Red Army (Central Red Army) in the Central Revolutionary Base (also known as the Central Soviet Area) began the Long March, leaving some Red Army to stick to guerrilla warfare on the spot. In August, the Central Committee and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, in order to explore the way for the strategic shift of the Central Red Army, ordered the Red Sixth Army to leave the Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet Area and develop guerrilla warfare in central Hunan. In June 5438+10, the Red Sixth Army Corps joined forces with the Red Third Army Corps (later renamed the Red Second Army Corps), and the Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan Soviet Area was founded. .
1934+00, the main forces of the Central Red Army assembled and set off one after another, and the Central and Red Army headquarters and their directly affiliated columns left Ruijin, Jiangxi. On June 265438+1October 2 1 day, the Central Red Army broke through the first blockade of the Kuomintang army from Wangmudu, Ganxian County to Xintian, Xinfeng County, and broke through the second and third blockade of the Kuomintang army along the Guangdong-Jiangxi border, the Hunan-Guangdong border and the Hunan-Guangxi border. However, Li De and other leaders blindly retreated and passively avoided war, which kept the Red Army at a disadvantage. The Central Military Commission decided to cross the river between Xing 'an and Quanzhou. After a bloody battle, it crossed the Xiangjiang River (the fourth blockade) on June 65438+February 1. Thanks to continuous efforts, the Red Army has dropped from more than 80,000 to more than 50,000, leaving more than 30,000 people. In mid-February, 65438+, when he arrived at the border of Hunan and Guizhou, Mao Zedong advocated that the troops give up the plan to join the Second and Sixth Legions in Xiangxi. 28, * * * the Political Bureau of the Central Committee in Liping meeting, accepted the opinion of Mao Zedong, decided to move forward to the Sichuan-Guizhou border region centered on Zunyi, so that the Red Army avoided the danger of collapse. [4]?
65438+1October 15- 17 the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held an enlarged meeting in Zunyi, criticized Bogu Kailai and Li De's military line mistakes, by-elected Mao Zedong as the Standing Committee of the Politburo, canceled Bogu Kailai and Li De's supreme military command, and entrusted Zhang Wentian to draft a resolution. After the meeting, * * * the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a series of meetings in Tashi (now Weixin), Yunnan Province, and decided to replace Bo Gu with Zhang Wentian, who was fully responsible for the central work. He deliberated and passed the Resolution on Summing up the Five Enemy "Encirclements", and decided to strengthen the leadership of the Central Soviet Area and the Central Sub-bureau, as well as the Red Second and Sixth Army Corps and the Red Fourth Army. Subsequently, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to set up a new "three-person group" composed of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Wang Jiaxiang, headed by Zhou Enlai, to take charge of military operations.
After the Zunyi meeting, in view of the tight defense of the Sichuan enemy, the Central Red Army decided to withdraw from Zunyi and detour around the border of Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Guizhou. Especially in the process of crossing Chishui River in Sidu, the Central Red Army flexibly created fighter planes, fought in sports and annihilated the enemy, so as to win more with less, thus turning passivity into initiative. Then the enemy unexpectedly crossed the Wujiang River in the south, matched Guiyang, and then marched west. In late April, one of them cooperated on the flank. At the beginning of May, he crossed the Jinsha River, got rid of the encirclement and interception of hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang troops, and achieved a decisive victory in strategic shift. Due to the implementation of the correct ethnic policy, the Red Army successfully passed through the Yi area in Daliangshan. Then he crossed the Dadu River, flew over the Luding Bridge and crossed the snow-covered Jin Jia Mountains all year round. In mid-June, he joined forces with the Red Fourth Army.
The Red Fourth Front Army was originally in the Sichuan-Shaanxi base area. 1935 in order to develop towards the Sichuan-Gansu border, it won a great victory in the Jialing River crossing battle from March 28th to April 28th. However, Zhang, the main leader of the Red Fourth Front Army, decided to abandon the Sichuan-Shaanxi base area (also known as the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area) and move westward. At the beginning of May, * * * more than 80,000 people started the Long March, and in mid-May, they occupied a vast area centered on Maoxian (now Mao Wen) and Lifan (now Lixian).
After the Red Army joined forces with the Fourth Army, the Red Army took the establishment of the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Gansu base area in the north as its strategic policy, and the central government decided to mix the two front armies into two groups. The central army crossed the grassland with the right army and arrived in Banyu and Brazil. At the end of August, the Rightwing 1 Army opened the door to Gannan after wiping out about 5,000 troops from the 49th Division of the Kuomintang Army. In September, after Zhang led the left army to Aba area, he refused to carry out the central policy of going north and threatened the central and right army to go south. On September 10, Mao Zedong led the First and Third Armies (after the formation of the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment) to continue northward, seized Lazikou, broke through the blockade of the Weihe River by the Kuomintang army, crossed Liupanshan by Guyuan, and arrived in Wuqi (now Wuqi County) in northern Shaanxi on June 10, ending the Long March ahead of schedule. 165438+1October 2 1 ~ 24 won the battle of Zhiluo town, which laid the foundation for the CPC Central Committee and the Red Army to take root in northern Shaanxi.
Under the condition that the Kuomintang heavily besieged the base areas of Hubei, Henan and Anhui, the Red 25th Army and the Hubei, Henan and Anhui Provincial Party Committee, according to the instructions of the Central Committee, started to move westward from luoshan county, Henan Province in 1934+065438+ 10, and established the base areas on the edge of Hubei, Henan and Shaanxi, crushing the Kuomintang troops twice. In July of the following year, he crossed Longdong, and in September, he joined forces with the 26th Army and 27th Army in the Shaanxi-Gansu base area, co-edited as 15 Army. After the first and third corps arrived, they were co-edited as the Red Army.
The 2nd and 6th Red Army Corps in Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou base areas set out from Sangzhi, Hunan in June 19351and moved to Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, defeated the interception of Kuomintang troops, crossed Jinsha River, passed Xikang and Sichuan, and arrived in Ganzi at the end of June 1936. The second legion and the sixth legion merged into the second legion. In July, the Second and Fourth Army went north with the Red Army. 10 June, Taibao joined forces with the Red Army in Huining County and Jingning County, Gansu Province. At this point, the Red Army's Long March ended. (Refer to the TV series Long March)19331kloc-0/0. In October, the National Government of the Republic of China mobilized nearly/kloc-0,000,000 national revolutionary troops, surrounded the rural base areas controlled by the China * * * production party, and attacked the central Soviet area (the main control area of the China Soviet Union * * *) with 500,000 troops.
In the first four battles, due to the implementation of Mao Zedong's mobile warfare policy, the national government forces failed to achieve their intended goals and all ended in retreat. In the fifth campaign, due to Mao Zedong's loss of leadership, Bo Gu (formerly known as Qin Bangxian), the temporary head of the Central Committee of China * * *, adopted the advice of German military adviser Li De, abandoned the active defense policy against "encirclement and suppression" in the past four times, characterized the war as a decisive battle between countries, adopted military adventurism, and put forward the slogan of "keeping the enemy out of the country", demanding that the Red Army resist the National Revolutionary Army outside the base area. However, there were only about 65,438+10,000 regular troops and tens of thousands of guerrillas in the Central Soviet Area, which suffered huge losses shortly after the preemptive strike. At this time, the * * * production party decided to defend its position, supplemented by "short assault" (short-range attack), with the intention of resisting the advancement of the National Revolutionary Army. But this action did not play its due role. Soon, Ruijin Guangchang, the gate of central and northern Jiangsu and the national capital, fell, and the Red Army suffered more than 10,000 casualties.
base
Ruijin → Breaking through the enemy's four lines of defense → Forcing the Wujiang River → Occupy Zunyi → Crossing Chishui River → Crossing Jinsha River → Qiaodu Dadu River → Flying Luding Bridge → Crossing Snow Mountain → Crossing Grassland → Joining up with Wuqi in Northern Shaanxi (1935 10) → Joining up with Huining in Gansu (1936 60)
The Significance of Zunyi Conference
Zunyi Conference ended the rule of Wang Ming's "Left" opportunist line in the CPC Central Committee, established the correct leadership of the new CPC Central Committee represented by Mao Zedong, and turned the party's line to the track of Marxism–Leninism. Zunyi Conference, which saved the Party, the Red Army and the China Revolution at the critical moment of the China Revolution, was a turning point in the history of our Party. Zunyi Meeting is the first meeting of China * * * Production Party to independently apply Marxism–Leninism's basic principles to solve its own line, principles and policies. It is a sign that China's * * * production party has stepped onto a mature party from infancy. Since then, under the guidance of the correct line represented by Mao Zedong, the China Revolution has embarked on the road of successful development.