Poland gave him a chivalrous mind and years of pain.
France gave him a natural and unrestrained wind and dust, gentle and subtle demeanor.
Germany gave him the depth of fantasy.
But nature gave him a genius and a noblest heart.
He is not only a great performer, but also a poet.
When Chopin played the piano,
He is neither Polish nor French or German.
His background is much more noble than all this.
His real country is the dream country of poetry.
... Heine's interpretation of Chopin.
Piano poet Chopin
catalogue
First, Chopin's family background
Second, Chopin's life
Chopin's childhood (born at ~ 12 years old) ※
Chopin's boyhood (13~25 years old) ※
Chopin's heyday (age 25 ~ death) ※
Chronology of Chopin events ※
Third, Chopin's love.
First love: constance Jagra Devska. ※
Maria W. Kinska. ※
George sand. ※
Fourth, Chopin's works
First, Chopin's family background
Frederick francois chopin
Born in the Polish town of Zerazzovavola.
Year: 18 10 March 1 day-1849 June 17 June.
Chopin's father (occupation: French teacher)
Chopin's mother (name: Justina)
Chopin has a sister.
Chopin is the youngest son in the family.
Second, Chopin's life
Chopin's childhood (born at ~ 12 years old) ※
Frederic Francois Chopin, a German poet, was born in Gerazovavra, a suburb of Warsaw, the Polish capital, 18 10 in March.
Chopin liked the piano since he was a child. When he is a little sensible, he often gets up in the middle of the night to play the piano alone. At the age of four, his father taught him to play the piano. At the age of six, he formally studied under Tiffany.
When Chopin was a child, his parents were very worried because the little boy would cry when he listened to the piano. Chopin cried because he liked it very much. It wasn't long before everyone found out that the little boy climbed into the piano chair by himself, knocked on the keyboard with his little hand, and danced when he found that he could play the piano. When my sister plays the piano, he also urges my mother to play the piano.
Therefore, my mother tried to let four-year-old Chopin learn piano with his seven-year-old sister, but before long, he surpassed her. At the age of six, his parents finally realized that he had a unique musical talent, so they let him and Tiffany, the court piano, formally study music.
On his eighth birthday, Chopin gave a public performance, and played a piano concerto by Rowitz at a charity concert. At the age of eight, he played in a concert in Warsaw, which surprised the audience and was called "Mozart II". Since then, he often improvises and plays immediately, and he is very good at this kind of "improvisation".
Chopin studied harmony and counterpoint with Eisner, president of Warsaw Conservatory of Music, when he was twelve years old. The excellent professor soon discovered Chopin's excellent creative ability as a composer, so he avoided rigid teaching methods and tried to let him develop freely.
Chopin's boyhood (13~25 years old) ※
Story 1
/kloc-in the autumn of 0/828, there was a post car that rushed from Berlin to Warsaw, the capital of Poland, and ran to a small town halfway, only to find that the horseshoe fell off and the carriage could not move forward. The coachman had to take the guests to an inn to rest.
In this humble hotel, there is a rather old piano with a cover. There is a layer of gray. Suddenly, an old man murmured, "That's too bad. I don't know how long it will take to start again. " Then he pointed to the piano and asked, "Does anyone play the piano? Please put on the music and relax! 」
A 18-year-old boy went to the front. Then he unhurriedly put his hand on the keyboard. Everyone was surprised that such a beautiful piano sound came from the old piano.
Soon the piano was surrounded by a group of people, and the young man played harder and more brilliantly, which made people deeply fascinated.
After the last piece of music was played, the old man smiled and said to the young man, "I am a retired organist." In my long career, I have never heard such an excellent steel performance. If Mozart were still alive and heard this performance, he would definitely hold your hand and say, "You are my successor!" " The young man replied happily in a beautiful and noble voice, "I'm flattered by your compliment." My name is Federico Fran? ois Chopin. "
This anecdote happened when Chopin was eighteen. Chopin entered the Warsaw Conservatory of Music at the age of sixteen.
The following year, Chopin held a concert in the Austrian capital, which was very successful. Although the critics pointed out that Chopin's performance lacked rich volume, he appreciated his slender touch of keys and dexterous fingering. He also thinks that his works are very talented.
Chopin's Variations on Chowdhury Don Giovanni (Op.2) immediately attracted the attention of romantic Sports Master Schumann. He wrote the following famous sentence in the score of this song:
"Please take off your hat, genius has appeared! 」
Chopin was awarded the honor on September 12 this year. At this time, Chopin began to worry about his first love.
The girl he admires is constance Gladcov Ska, a girl from the Vocal Department of Warsaw Conservatory of Music. 1830 in March, in a letter to his good friend Didos, he said:
"I'm sad because I'm already in love. I dream of her beautiful image every night, but I haven't said a word to her. When I miss her, I will write adagio in the concerto. " This is the second movement of Adagio in Concerto No.2 of Iron and Steel Association in F minor. Some people call this extremely beautiful action "lover portrait".
After Chopin left the motherland, this love was interrupted. A year later, Constance Danchia married a businessman, but soon became blind.
A cup of soil of the motherland
On the eve of Chopin's departure for Vienna, friends and teachers held a lively farewell party for him. At this party, everyone raised a glass to bless Chopin. After singing a few songs, a friend took out a silver cup filled with black Polish soil and gave it to Chopin.
Chopin hugged the silver cup tightly and was moved to tears. Since then, the soil of the motherland has never left Chopin's side.
Revolutionary etude
When Chopin and his friends came to Vienna for the second time, they found that the situation had completely changed. Unfortunately, at this time, riots broke out in Warsaw. As Poland declared war on Russia, Austria, which was allied with Russia, became hostile to Poles. Chopin had to leave and decided to seek opportunities in Paris or London.
On his way to Paris, when he arrived in Stuttgart, Germany on September 8, he suddenly heard the news that Warsaw was captured by Russian troops. At this time, Chopin was extremely sad and filled with indignation, so he poured his surging patriotic feelings, shed tears, and knocked out tear-jerking music on the piano to express his inner anguish and anger. So there was the touching "Revolutionary Etudes"!
Piano poet
1832 On February 26th, Chopin gave his first concert in Paris.
At this time, only the poor Poles who fled to Paris had little income, and Chopin needed money, and the poor compatriots who fled to Paris could not help. In order to survive, Chopin considered going to America by boat.
However, the opportunity to become famous appeared at this moment. Under the arrangement of Count La Tourville, Chopin had the opportunity to perform in front of nobles. All the nobles were fascinated by Chopin's improvisation that night and forgot the passage of time. After the performance finally came to an end, everyone applauded warmly and stood up and praised him constantly.
Chopin became the darling of Paris overnight. Not only is he no longer poor, but also a lot of money is rolling in. At this time, Chopin and Schumann have become two composers of romantic music, thanks to the friendship of Count La Dever. If Chopin had gone to America, he might not have achieved this.
Chopin's heyday (age 25 ~ death) ※
Chopin and george sand met because of Liszt's introduction. At first, Chopin didn't like this woman who was too unrestrained. But after getting along for a long time, the two men and women with different personalities have a passionate love. At the same time, george sand's novels and his strong will to survive fascinated Chopin. In this way, 28-year-old Chopin and 34-year-old george sand finally fell in love. They both left Paris and went to a place called.
Nine years later, Chopin finally fell out with george sand and they broke up. Since then, Chopin's health has deteriorated rapidly. 1849 10/7, the piano poet Chopin died of lung disease, which caused worldwide mourning.
Chronology of Chopin events
Christian era
age
important event
18 10
Born on February 22nd in Zerag Wannore, Trazova, near Warsaw, Poland, he studied piano under Bert Zvini of Adal.
18 16
six
After learning piano from Tiffany, Tiffany discovered her talent as a composer.
18 17
seven
He published his first work-Polish Dance Music: and began to play the piano in private concerts.
18 18
eight
Played in public at a charity concert and was well received.
1824
14
At the same time, I took a vacation from the place where Elsner composed music and went to a classmate's hometown in Charlias, where I got in touch with the life of farmers and collected a lot of Polish folk songs.
1825
15
Waltz No.1 was published and played in front of the czar, who gave him a diamond ring.
1826
16
Working too hard is harmful to health. Mother passed away.
1827- 1828
17- 18
After graduating from college, I worked in Warsaw Conservatory of Music, but my grades were not very good. I write songs and play the piano all day, many etudes, short songs and two piano competitions, most of which were completed at this time.
1829
19
Hummcl played the piano in Warsaw, and Chopin was greatly influenced. He went to Vienna, gave two concerts, became a pianist and composer, and returned to Warsaw to continue his creation.
1830
20
In March, he held a concert in Warsaw and played a piano concerto. 1 1 month, he took a small cup of polish soil to develop abroad. First, he came to Vienna, Austria. He visited Vienna again, gave a concert and got in touch with the main musicians. Because he was not satisfied with life in Vienna, he decided to go to Paris.
183 1
2 1
When I arrived in Paris, I became one of the top musicians and began to approach Daphne and Portica. On September 8, Warsaw fell, and he composed a revolutionary etude (Op. 10). He gave a concert in Vienna, but failed. In July, he moved to Germany. In September, he learned in Stuttgart that Russian troops had captured Warsaw. 10, he came to Paris.
1832
22
Piano competition in E minor, personally played in Paris, became a piano teacher, and often held concerts with Liszt and Charlemagne in Paris, which was well received.
1835
25
I went to Bohemia to visit my parents during my holiday, and then I went to Dresden to visit my friends. I reunited with Maria, who used to study piano, and they fell in love. I went to Leipzig, Schumann and Mendelssohn via Dresden.
1836
26
Break up with Maria, break up with Pinsky.
1837
27
He refused to be awarded the title of "Chief Pianist of His Majesty the Tsar" by the Tsar. 1February, he met the female writer Mrs. george sand for the first time. After living together, he was greatly influenced. In the same year, the symptoms of his left lung appeared in the early stage.
1838
28
I went to Maiorca with george sand because of illness, and my son had to return to France because of the climate discomfort and the aggravation of lung disease. He was ill in Marseilles for several months.
1839
29
In February, george sand and I returned to France, lived in Nun, and then returned to Paris, where I did a lot of work.
1840
30
Live in Paris, teach piano as healthily as possible, and spend time in aristocratic circles. I seldom play in public, and it's getting worse. Published in operative paragraph 24.
1844
34
Father passed away.
1847
37
The relationship with george sand ended, and Chopin commemorated this moment with PREI Wynn Dance in D Major.
1848
38
In the spring, after his farewell concert in Paris on February 16, he went to England sick and gave two concerts in London, which was quite successful. He also went to Scotland at the invitation of his disciple, Miss Stir Ling, and held a concert in September 16 in London's Kilde Concert Hall to raise money for Poles-the last concert in his life. He performed in attenborough and Glasgow, but his health and welfare were lost.
1849
39
After visiting London again in January, he returned to Paris. When he returned to Paris, he had been ill and more and more tired, so he could not teach. He lives with the help of his friends and fights against diseases. Invalid, died on 10 17. His heart was taken out and transported back to Warsaw for burial.
Third, Chopin's love story
I once asked my teacher why Chopin's music is mostly minor and melancholy. The teacher said Chopin was handsome and had "feminine charm". When he was in trouble, he was trapped by a rich woman, so he was very unhappy ... I found that Chopin had many girlfriends all his life, and there was a saying: "The power of love is great." Chopin also composed many beautiful and poetic piano music. This enriches his life. Chopin once loved three women in his life-constanta Grad covas, Maria Wojinska and george sand. Of course, more and more people are in love with him, such as delfina.
Potoka, his old girlfriend Jane Sterling, and so on, there are three people who have a deep influence on him.
First love: Constance Jagla Devska Konstancza Gladkowaska (1810-1889).
Chopin once wrote to his close friend Didus, revealing that he was immersed in love:-Oh, perhaps unfortunately, I have an ideal. For her, I devoted myself loyally and remained silent for half a year. She was my dream, and my Second Adagio Concerto was inspired by her. Moreover, this morning, she prompted me to make a "Little Waltz" ... You won't believe it, and now I find Warsaw so gloomy and unhappy. The second movement of his famous second piano concerto is called "Portrait of Lover", which weaves a theme with sweet serenade style with Chopin's deep affection for constance.
Chopin wrote in a letter to Didus: "I am very sad because I found myself in love." In the past six months, I dreamed of her beautiful image every night, but I didn't say a word to her. When I miss her, I wrote an adagio in the concerto. " Konstancja Gladkowska is a beautiful Polish soprano who was born on August 1 day. She was the daughter of a famous person at that time and a student of Warsaw Conservatory of Music. When Chopin first met her at a concert, he couldn't help but be attracted by her beautiful appearance and beautiful singing, and fell in love with her quietly. Chopin himself is an introverted and shy person. Seeing that constance has many admirers, she feels that this love is hopeless, so she only dares to add some idealized colors to it. Keep it in your heart. After a long period of unrequited love, about a year or two later, Chopin met konstanz Tanchia by chance at the home of the famous singer You Ge. Perhaps it was at this time that the two met through formal introduction. Later, konstanz Tanchia also found Chopin's affection for her, so they fell in love and exchanged rings. In Chopin's album, konstanz Tanchia once wrote: "Remember! Never forget that we Poles love you wholeheartedly ... In foreign countries, people may praise you, but they will never love you more than we do ... "What a holy and true expression! She attended many concerts for him and sang many Mazuka songs that attracted public praise. However, Chopin had to go to Vienna for development and left Poland. 18301October1day, a farewell concert was held in late autumn, which was his last concert in Warsaw. Of course, this time, one of Chopin's personal wishes came true because of constance.
According to Chopin's own account, there is such a narrative: "She is wearing a beautiful white robe with roses in her hair." When Chopin found her in the corner of the choir, she couldn't help but hold her hands tightly with tears in her eyes ... At this time, both of them knew each other, and Chopin also expressed his affection for her, but her attitude was far less than Chopin's affectionate style. After Chopin's death, when people told her how much Chopin loved her, it was said that one year after Chopin left the motherland, konstanz Tanchia married a businessman, but later she became blind ... Maybe Chopin's departure was a kind of pain for her! Chopin's unforgettable first love, accompanied by his departure from his hometown, gradually faded away and drew a deep full stop. ..
Konstancja Gladkowaska
Maria Kinska (18 19 ~ 1896)
Maria W. Kinska is the sister of Chopin's friend. When Chopin was a child, she spent a happy childhood with the boys in this family. Later, W Kinska's family left Poland in the riots in 183 1 and settled in Geneva, and visited Dresden in the summer of 1835.
When Chopin visited the Kinska family again, he was surprised to find that Maria, who was not childish, had become slim. Because of constance's experience, Chopin was particularly cautious in feelings, but he still found a kind of warmth in Maria, which made him fall into her charm. She was an excellent pianist, and later she played a Chopin ballad in a concert in Warsaw.
Maria's mother also found that Chopin had feelings for her daughter, but did not discourage her, and others also noticed. In winter, Chopin unfortunately got a very serious flu. He has been hiding his illness, so many people have no news of him, and there are even rumors that he has passed away. Chopin didn't want the Kinska family to know about his illness, because they wouldn't let their daughter marry a corpse.
1836 in July, W. Kinska invited Chopin to spend his holiday in Malimba, a Bohemian hot spring resort near Casbas. Chopin was invited to go, and finally in August, he had the opportunity to walk alone on the country road with Maria. It was a happy time for Chopin. In early September, W. Kinska's family went to Dresden, and Chopin accompanied them. Here, he composed a beautiful and fluent "Etudes in A-flat Major", which is the first song of Op. 25, and also created another song "Ring", which is adapted from a poem by Witzky and can reflect Chopin's feelings. Maybe this is.
I'm already in love with you. Your little finger is wearing the silver ring I gave you. Someone else married the girl I love. This girl is young and beautiful. I gave her the ring. After all, I am still a stranger. Musicians were invited to the wedding reception. I also sang at the wedding that you married someone else's wife. I still love you deeply. People laugh at me. How sad I am. It's no use giving the ring.
This song was written on the 8th. The next evening, Chopin proposed to Maria, and she accepted. However, her family did not immediately agree, saying that they would make a decision after Chopin's performance. They specifically stipulated that he should not wander around the salons of Paris nobles at night.
Before Chopin returned to Paris, Maria gave him a rose and told him that they must meet again. After returning to Paris, Chopin immediately forgot Mrs W Kinska's advice and began to live a free social life. But like the severe winter that ravaged Paris, his health deteriorated rapidly and he finally fell ill again. During this period, he and Maria still wrote to each other. However, judging from these handed down letters, the content is not like a love letter between lovers. It is usually her mother, the countess, who writes letters, while Maria just scribbles two or three lines after the letter. The Kinska family finally decided not to let Maria marry Chopin and called off their engagement. Maria can't express her opinion, because of the custom at that time, she can't question or resist her parents' decision.
After Chopin's death, it was found that he wrapped the letter and rose written by Maria's family, tied it with a ribbon, and wrote "Moja bieda" on it in Polish, which means "My Sorrow" in Chinese. He sealed this short memory forever and let time dilute it ... In 184 1 year, Chopin got Maria and Rebecca from his sister. He sincerely prayed that she would be happy. However, a few years later, Maria divorced Shi Cabec and married someone else. Maria always plays Chopin's piano music every time she plays a solo in a concert. Although they can't live together, Chopin's shadow has always been printed in Maria's heart.
Maria's self-portrait Chopin
George sand (1804- 1876) was originally named Aurore Du Ping.
She was born in 1804 and is older than Chopin. She got married when she was eighteen. Her husband, Gasimir du Font, is a dull and uncreative man who seldom cares about his wife. Later, she left home and went to Paris, where she found that she was free to be with musicians, writers and painters. All these are in line with her independent, frank, free and romantic personality. As the years passed, she was very happy.
George sand is a relative and friend of Liszt's mistress, Countess Mary. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/836, george sand went to the Hotel de France to attend a banquet hosted by the Countess, and many celebrities in the music and literature circles were invited to attend. Chopin was also invited, and this was the first time he met george sand. /kloc-in October/February, george sand asked to know Chopin, and led by Liszt, he attended the party hosted by him. One of the guests described the situation that night-"Ms. george sand, solemn and indifferent ... her clothes are gorgeous. She wore a white robe and a crimson belt, which was similar to a corset of a shepherdess with a row of crimson buttons on it. Her black hair was divided into small circles and hung down to her cheeks. She has a ribbon tied around her head. She picked one near the fireplace at random. Answer the question raised by the boy sitting next to her briefly and seriously .. Liszt finished playing a sonata, and Chopin took out ice cubes for the guests. George sang sat firmly on the sofa and smoked a cigar all the time. "
Although george sand shook hands with Chopin when they met, Chopin didn't like her very much. Chopin, who likes to wear aristocratic clothes and often lives in a room with scattered flowers, thinks that george sand, who likes to wear a long coat, trousers and tie, is a very strange woman, and even doubts whether she is a real woman. At the same time, when Chopin gradually learned about george sand's life, he might have been startled. George sand had a seven-day love affair with Merimi, the author of Carmen. He was madly in love with the poet Muse, who was seven years younger than her. It has been more than two years since 1833 ... Chopin met george sand in 18361February. 1837 I got the flu in February. He received Maria's last letter in April 1838; 1836 In August, Chopin and Maria had a happy time in Dresden, so it was several months before they met george sand. Maybe Chopin still can't forget Maria, so he didn't like George Sang in men's wear at first. However, george sand was deeply fascinated by Chopin, because he was different from any man she knew, so although she continued to talk intermittently with some unimportant young artists.
1in the summer of 838, Chopin began to keep close contact with george sand. At this point, his engagement with Maria has broken down. He began to find that george sand was a good person to talk to. He can show his long-suppressed feelings for Maria and constance earlier, and he can find a sense of security from george sand. However, after a while, people's gossip made Paris no longer a pleasant refuge for Chopin and george sand.
One day, george sand was about to leave Chopin's residence when her angry lover chased her in the street. Chopin found this situation very unpleasant. Obviously, he and george sand had to leave Paris. She agreed, because her 15-year-old son suffers from rheumatism, so they went to Mallorca for a holiday. Although the environment is bad, they still live quite freely together.
Chopin's health has always been very bad, especially when the weather is bad, his lung disease often occurs, thanks to george sand's careful care. The place where they live often changes. Because the residents nearby don't want to, an infectious lung disease patient lives with them or rents their house. Without a good rest, Chopin's condition is gradually declining. 1844 is a very important year for Chopin. This year is the climax of his life and art, and it is also a crucial year. Because of his love for george sand, his creation reached its peak, and he created many touching and wonderful works. Although Chopin has made great achievements in music, he is a man with many shortcomings. George sand has a philosophical attitude towards him and a moody bad temper, so she wrote a letter to his sister Louise. Invite her and her husband [Mr. Louis is very jealous of Chopin's achievements and fame] to visit Chopin in Paris and go to Nohan together in summer. Chopin is very happy to be reunited with his sister for a while. In September, after she left Norhan, she wrote to her and poured out many memories. Later, on the last day of October, Chopin wrote another letter to Louis. This explains his life in Norhan. From this letter, we can see the hint of his dissatisfaction. The object of discontent is george sand's son Morris. At this time, Morris has grown up and become a person with his own opinions and criticisms on the living environment, and his will is firm. Although the relationship between Chopin and Morris is not very harmonious, he still believes that he can get george sand's support. And even though many people think that george sand's novel "Lydia Flora Rianni" written during this period is an allegorical description of her increasingly discordant life in Norhan, there is no sign in their letters that her feelings are gradually weakening.
1845, although Chopin's health continued to deteriorate, and the tension with Morris was obviously aggravated, on the whole, life continued step by step as always. Only george sand and Solange began to play an active role in this conflict. The following spring, Augustine Blaut joined their family. She is a distant relative of george sand, and supports Morris in attacking Chopin. Later, george sand formally joined them.
Morris didn't want to accept Chopin's friendship gift. He was angry at Chopin's behavior of controlling and influencing george sand. In the next few years, he even published some anonymous letters about the relationship between Chopin and george sand, deliberately distorting the nature of their sincere friendship, but the effect was not remarkable. Solange sympathized with Chopin and disliked Augustine. She often criticized Augustine for his humble origins. Therefore, in this family conflict, Maurice and Augustine joined hands, and Chopin and Solange george sand were in a dilemma, which made them uncomfortable in the conflict. At first, she remained neutral, but under Morris's instigation and trap design, george sand finally gradually stood on Morris's side. The earliest conflict occurred in the summer of 1845. Morris and Augustine encouraged other servants in the family to rise up against Chopin's Polish servant-this man was the only one he could resist.
Chopin's and george sand's philosophies were originally different, but now their differences are deepening, and they can no longer tolerate each other. George sand is a woman of the times who is eager to care about social problems, while Chopin still lives in traditional thoughts, and the traditional social structure is on two immovable levels-the ruling class and the servant. This divergent attitude destroyed the inseparable relationship between Chopin and george sand. And make the conflict atmosphere in Nohan more and more unstable. It is an absolute fact that Chopin couldn't compose a note in the whole summer of 1845. From March 1846 to the end of summer 1847, several most incredible things happened, which led to the break between Chopin and george sand. 1846 At the end of June, Chopin and Morris had an argument, and this time, george sand stood by his son. George sand's betrayal shocked Chopin, and he could not accept this fact. George sand misunderstood Chopin's mood. She thought his mood had stabilized. In fact, Chopin reluctantly accepted the fact that george sand provided for his son Maurice. In the early years, the dreamy days between them were irretrievably lost ... At this time, Solange and Ferlande Pearce were engaged.
Later, he became a diligent and successful sculptor. He made a beautiful statue for Solange, and enthusiastically pursued her and encouraged her to elope. Solange finally refused to marry Pius at the last moment of the wedding, and later married August Lightning.
Chopin didn't know about it until after they got married, but even though he was angry that Solange married a rogue, he was too ill to get involved in such a thing. Solang is a selfish man. When Augustine got engaged to Maurice's friend Diodo, she found that her husband was not the ideal candidate, so she couldn't stand Augustine's happiness. Solange made up a series of lies and told Dior. Augustine was Maurice's mistress, and george sand taught her a lesson. Unexpectedly, she accused her mother of having an affair with some friends of Morris ... Solange wrote a letter to Chopin, distorting all the facts, and innocent Chopin believed it-george sand was very angry, so he wrote Chopin a sharply worded letter ... For Chopin and george sand, the harm and insult caused by this incident were irreparable. Later, although George sang
The last time Chopin and george sand met was in March 1848, but this meeting was limited to polite conversation, and they did not try to forget or heal the past injuries. However, even though many unpleasant things happened between them, Chopin would never forget george sand. He kept a bundle of her hair carefully in his diary until his death. ...
Fourth, Chopin's works
Sasuke
introduce
nocturne
Night prayer
Twenty-one years old
Nocturne in English, Nocturne in French and Noctuno in Italian, whose etymology evolved from Nox in Latin, were used to mean "Night God" in Roman times.
The music form of nocturne, its founder is generally considered to be John of England.