On the 80th anniversary of the founding of the Party, Yuyu has a new look. For fifty years, the tiger has been lying dormant in the human world, and I cried to Naiwen several times. Reading about the Red Mansion spreads fire, and the world is full of peach blossoms; looking at Wan'an Cemetery, it is intense and full of nostalgia. Alas! Zhang Clan killed my martyr; the torture of three hangings was so gloomy and miserable. However, the virtuous people in the past are brave and brave, and the successors are long-lasting; the pioneers shed blood, and spring is full of China.
A special tribute poem to Marshal Chen Yi is recorded to commemorate the national mourning:
The sacrifice of justice was very calm, and the great honor was not humiliated. People's Chaishi Festival, the majestic spirit runs through Changhong.
This July marks the 82nd anniversary of the birth of the Communist Party of China. When people look back on those stormy years, they should first remember the founder of the Party who created the world, that is, Comrade Li Dazhao of the "Southern Chen and Northern Li".
■ Chen Duxiu wrote to ask about the name of the party, and Li Dazhao gave the final word: "It is called the Communist Party!"
Li Dazhao, whose courtesy name is Shouchang, is a native of Daheituo Village, Leting County, Hebei Province. Born in 1889, he entered a private school as a teenager and was familiar with the Four Books of Classics and History. In 1905, he entered the Yongpingfu Middle School opened during the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty. Two years later, he was admitted to the newly opened Beiyang Legal and Political College. The outbreak of the Revolution of 1911 deeply affected him, and he began to worry about the country and the people. After graduation, he went to the famous Waseda University in Japan in 1913 and entered the undergraduate program in politics.
In three years in Japan, Li Dazhao carefully read the works of Hajime Kawakami and Shusui Kotoku, the disseminators of early socialist ideas in Japan, and came into contact with Marxism, but he was also compatible with other ideas in his mind. After returning to China, he devoted himself to the New Culture Movement, started running newspapers, and then served as the director of the library at Peking University, the birthplace of China's new ideas. After comparing and testing in social practice and learning the news of the victory of the Russian Revolution, I finally established my communist belief in my mind from 1918, and believed that only this truth could save China.
On May 4, 1919, Beijing students spontaneously held a patriotic parade. Li Dazhao gave a speech to encourage and ran to rescue the arrested. At the beginning of the next year, he discussed the establishment of the party with Chen Duxiu, and supported Peking University student Deng Zhongxia and others in organizing an early communist organization, known externally as "Kang Mu Yizhai" (English Communism, a homonym for communism). In the spring of the same year, Chen Duxiu wrote to ask whether the party's name should be called the "Socialist Party." Li Dazhao replied with the final word: "It is called the Communist Party!"
In late July 1921, the "National Congress" of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai. , Li Dazhao was unable to attend the meeting because the livelihood of his colleagues in the school needed to be solved by him. In August of the following year, Li Dazhao went to Shanghai to meet with Sun Yat-sen. On behalf of the Communist Party of China, he proposed to join the Kuomintang and was approved. He became the facilitator in establishing the first Kuomintang cooperation. At the first National Congress of the Kuomintang in 1924, Li Dazhao, who had "cross-party" status, became one of the five members of the presidium. In the same year, he personally drove a carriage and led his comrades across the northeastern border to Moscow to attend the Fifth Congress of the Communist International and stayed there for five months. Later, he returned to Beijing and served as secretary of the Northern District Committee of the Communist Party of China. He was called the leader of the "Northern Red" by the warlords and was wanted. On March 18, 1926, he was not afraid of risks. After presiding over an anti-imperialist meeting, he led a mass demonstration to petition the Duan Qirui government, but was shot and killed by the military police. Li Dazhao, who was at the forefront of the team, was injured in the head and hands. After escaping, he led the Northern District Committee to avoid the barracks next to the Soviet Embassy, ??where he led the anti-imperialist and anti-warlord struggle.
■ Feng Faction warlords used an imported hanging machine to execute Li Dazhao with "three strangulations." The hanging lasted for a full 40 minutes. Whenever there was a war in old China, it was common practice for warlords and politicians to avoid entering foreign embassies. Western powers implemented double standards when it came to Chinese Communist leaders entering the Soviet embassy, ??and encouraged the clique warlord Zhang Zuolin to break international conventions and break in for arrests. Someone had called the police beforehand. After all, Li Dazhao was a scholar, so he underestimated the danger of the situation and did not move.
On the morning of April 6, 1927, the Beijing military police were invaded by foreign defenders in the embassy district of Dongjiaominxiang, raided the Soviet Embassy, ??and arrested Li Dazhao and others. In prison, Li Dazhao was tortured such as having his nails peeled off, but he still refused to tell the truth. Faced with condemnation from all walks of life and calls for rescue by celebrities, the Feng Faction warlords actually used a hanging machine newly imported from Western Europe to kill twenty arrested people on April 28. They especially used the "three-hanging execution" method on Li Dazhao to prolong the pain. The strangulation lasted for 40 minutes. Li Dazhao was 38 years old at the time.
Li Dazhao is a posthumous son who lost his mother at the age of three and has neither brothers nor sisters. This famous Communist left a photo before his execution: his broad forehead was clean, his expression was solemn under his thick black eyebrows, his square face was peaceful, but his face was full of wrinkles. Under the gray cotton robe, black and thick iron chains hang...
■ "Nan Chen Bei Li" initiated the creation of the Communist Party of China organization. From the beginning, it was the most advanced thinking in the country It is the basic principle of materialism that heroes are created by the times and the representatives of culture. In our country, which has both a glorious history and a lot of suffering, a figure like Li Dazhao was born who could clear the clouds and break the dawn in Chi County where the night is dark. Advanced ideas have always been produced on the basis of advanced productive forces, and cannot come from backward soil like the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Boxer Rebellion. In modern times, the Chinese people who wanted to save themselves from the nation used old ideological weapons to struggle and suffered repeated setbacks, and they sought the truth abroad one after another. The barbaric invasion of the Eight-Power Allied Forces brought the old system of the Qing Dynasty to the verge of collapse. In the early 20th century, the imperial examination was abolished, and foreign schools focusing on new learning appeared in China. Li Dazhao became the first generation student.
At that time, Chinese people saw that Japan could become rich and powerful quickly by learning from the West. Before and after the Russo-Japanese War, tens of thousands of young people went to Japan to study, and Li Dazhao was among them. Although Japan's invasion of China was the worst disaster, Chinese students there came into contact with advanced culture and sprouted the earliest rational anti-imperialist revolutionary ideas. The Marxist-Leninist works that China's new ideological pioneers first saw were also translated into Japanese, and Li Dazhao was the most brilliant representative of them. What Li Dazhao saw in a country with developed productivity was in sharp contrast to the tragic situation in his hometown in China. After returning to the country, he was fully qualified to join the upper class and enjoy the glory, but he was willing to give up everything. He would rather dedicate himself to ignite the flames of revolution and transform everything in the past, just like Prometheus in Greek mythology who stole fire from heaven.
Judging from the timetable, Li Dazhao preceded Chen Duxiu and can be called the first person to sow communist ideas in China. He also actively participated in the New Culture Movement, calling for science and democracy, and attacking the outdated old system. The Communist Party of China organization initiated and founded by "Southern Chen and Northern Li" has been the representative of the most advanced ideas and culture in the country from the beginning, and has shown the direction of Chinese society to future generations.
■ Among the celebrities in the Red Chamber of Peking University, only Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu were exceptions in their attitude towards Mao Zedong at first
In October 1918, Professor Yang Changji (father of Yang Kaihui), Li Dazhao’s colleague at Peking University He led a tall young man to the library located in Honglou (located on the beach in Dongcheng District) to find a job. During the first conversation, Li Dazhao felt that this young man named Mao, Zedong, and Runzhi had extraordinary speech and knowledge, so he agreed to arrange for him to be an assistant with a monthly salary of 8 yuan. From then on, Mao Zedong worked while attending philosophy and journalism classes, and always wanted to seek advice from celebrities. But as he later recalled to Snow, "Everyone ignored me." "They were all busy people and didn't have time to listen to a library assistant speaking Southern dialect."
In the Red Building of Peking University Among celebrities, only Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu were exceptions to their attitude toward Mao Zedong at first. "Mr. Shouchang", who is already an authority in the academic world and is famous all over the world, has always been willing to support aspiring young people. He often visits this subordinate who only has a secondary normal education degree to ask for advice. Not only does he answer all questions, he often recommends new books and introduces Hu Shi and others. Famous teacher. After contact and in-depth discussions, many scholars also felt that the ambitions and insights of this library assistant who spoke a strong Hunan dialect were extraordinary, and they were willing to communicate with him since then.
Li Dazhao is four years older than Mao Zedong. When he first arrived in Beijing, through Li Dazhao's introduction and provision of learning conditions, Mao Zedong broadened his horizons, came into contact with communist thought, and mastered the method of comparative identification of various schools. Later, Li Dazhao presided over the work of the Communist Party of China in the north for a long time. He was surrounded by the first generation of promising young people at the beginning of the party's founding, such as Deng Zhongxia, Chen Qionian, Gao Junyu, He Mengxiong, Chen Yi, etc. Although the age difference was not very big, everyone regarded Li Dazhao as As a loyal elder, I am usually willing to accept his teachings and ask him to resolve internal disputes and conflicts. It is well deserved to call Li Dazhao the mentor of the Chinese revolution.
■ Li Dazhao disguised himself as a coachman and escorted Chen Duxiu out of the city. The two discussed building a party on the Beijing-Tianjin Road.
Since ancient times, Yan and Zhao had many generous and heroic people, and Li Dazhao was also influenced by this trend. Keep your faith and promises to your relatives, friends, comrades and even the workers around you, and do not hesitate to help you in times of difficulty. His wife was an uneducated woman from his hometown who was several years older than him. After returning from studying abroad, Li Dazhao became a celebrity in the literary world. Some people tried to persuade this wretched woman to be thrown out of court, but he flatly refused and always respected and loved each other. There are many warlords, politicians and reactionary literati who hate Li Dazhao in society, but no one attacks his personal ethics.
In June 1919, Chen Duxiu, who was recognized as the leader of the May Fourth Movement, was arrested by the Beijing warlord government. Li Dazhao contacted all walks of life to mobilize for rescue. In the autumn of the same year, Chen Duxiu was ostensibly released, but was placed under house arrest. Li Dazhao studied with like-minded people and decided to send him to Shanghai to play a leadership role. Because Chen Duxiu didn't speak Northern dialect and was monitored by police detectives, it was difficult for him to leave the city, so Li Dazhao decided to escort him personally. In January of the following year, he disguised himself as a driver and used the skills he had learned in the countryside as a boy to pick him up at Chen Duxiu's residence and get into the covered carriage. When encountering an interrogation at the city gate, we handled it calmly and then headed straight to Tianjin Pier along the path. While driving on the road, Li Dazhao discussed with Chen Duxiu that a communist party should be established. The two gained political understanding and decided to work separately in the north and south. The first article on the founding of the Communist Party of China was written in a carriage on the Beijing-Tianjin Road. In March 1920, the Communist International sent Wijinski, director of the Far East Bureau, to China to contact the Chinese revolutionaries. He first went to Beijing to find Li Dazhao. After talking, they reached consensus on the establishment of the Communist Party. Later, Li Dazhao introduced Wijinski to Shanghai to meet Chen Duxiu and established international contacts for the early organization of the Communist Party of China that was being planned. On May 1 of the same year, Li Dazhao led 500 Peking University teachers, students, and workers to hold a meeting to commemorate the International Labor Day, and gave a generous speech at the meeting. After the meeting, two cars were used to plant red flags and distributed leaflets in the city. From then on, the party's revolutionary flag began to fly across the land of China. Li Dazhao was always on the move and was often followed by spies, but he was always dismissed as a "dog" with contempt and no fear. His monthly salary at Peking University is as high as 250 yuan. In addition to maintaining simple household expenses, he spends all of it on party funds or helping the poor around him. The family had no money at the time of the disaster, so his wife and daughter relied on friendly support from all walks of life.
After the Tomb Sweeping Day in 1933, Li Dazhao's coffin was sent to the Wanan Cemetery in the western suburbs for burial by teachers and students at Peking University. Although the Third Regiment of the Kuomintang Military Police, who were like tigers and wolves, suppressed the funeral procession and even opened fire on the funeral procession, people from all walks of life in the city gathered spontaneously to attend the memorial ceremony. More and more, the wreaths and elegiac couplets stretched for one kilometer in West Chang'an Street.
It can be seen that Li Dazhao’s character and style will remain in the hearts of the people!