Du Mu
Chang 'an looked back and embroidered.
There are thousands of doors open on the top of the mountain.
As soon as I ride the world of mortals and laugh,
No one knows it's litchi.
This epic was written by Du Mulu when he arrived in Chang 'an via Huaqing Palace, feeling that Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei were extravagant and misunderstood their own country. Huaqing Palace was once a playground for Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei. According to "Biography of Yang Guifei in the New Tang Dynasty", "My concubine loves lychee, and she must be born, so she rode it for thousands of miles, and her taste has not changed, and she has arrived in the capital". As a result, many policemen were exhausted and the post horse fell dead on the way from Sichuan to Chang 'an. The quatrains crossing the Qing Palace intercepted this historical fact, attacked the arrogance, extravagance and ignorance of feudal rulers, satirized the present with history and warned the monarch.
"Chang 'an Looking Back at Embroidered Piles" describes the scenery the poet saw when he looked back at Huaqing Palace in Chang 'an. The word "looking back" is not only a true writing, but also a link between the past and the future. The poet overlooks Mount Li in the capital, where there are lush trees and flowers, and countless layered and magnificent buildings are hidden among them, just like a pile of splendid scenery. Suddenly, a sense of responsibility for reviewing and reflecting on history arises spontaneously, and a sense of history arises spontaneously. It is the following three sentences, "A thousand doors open at the top of the mountain", which is a link between the preceding and the following and is a review of history. The opening of Mount Li's "Thousands of Gates on the Peak" describes the luxury of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei's life in those years, and sets a question for readers: Why should the "Thousands of Gates on the Peak" be opened? The last two sentences, "The world of mortals laughs when riding a princess, and no one knows it is litchi", are the answers. It turns out that this is all caused by Yang Guifei. When she saw "riding the world of mortals" galloping past, she knew that the litchi that gave her appetite had arrived, so she "laughed" happily.
Others thought it was urgent, but who thought there would be fresh litchi in Fuzhou immediately! The conclusion of the poem is not only the crowning touch of the whole poem, but also the bane of "An Shi Rebellion".
The purpose of reciting the anecdote of Tianbao is to warn the later monarchs not to delay the state affairs because of their pursuit of pleasure. However, the poet did not write about the tragic situation of An Shi, Xuanzong's hasty escape, Ma Youpo's performance, nor did he list Xuanzong's amusement, extravagance and luxury life. Instead, it suddenly showed such a "small thing" as sending litchi thousands of miles away to win the imperial concubine's smile and find historical problems in the details. "Riding a princess and laughing in the world of mortals" makes a wonderful contrast between a poor official who is galloping on horseback and a smiling princess, and expresses such a serious historical theme with a word "smile", which is highly generalized and typical.