Lyric techniques: including direct lyric (direct expression of mind) and indirect lyric.
(1) Direct lyric (direct expression of one's feelings): Direct lyric, also called direct expression of one's feelings, is a lyric way to express one's love and hate attitude towards related people and things.
Chen Ziang is on the tower of Youzhou, where in front of me are the lost years? Behind me, where are the future generations? . I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am alone, tears fell down. With a generous and sad style, he directly expressed the poet's grief and frustration through his trip to Youzhou Taiwan.
Another example is (Wang Zhihuan's "In the Lodge of the Heron") "The mountains cover the day, and the ocean drains the golden river. But as long as you go up a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles. " The first two sentences describe the scenery, and the last two sentences directly express the feelings generated in such an environment. The natural situation, the vast weather and the poet's philosophy in front of this scene are integrated.
(2) Indirect lyricism: Blending scenes, expressing ambition by citing things, satirizing the present by borrowing ancient lyrics, cherishing the past and hurting the present, and feeling what is happening now.
As we all know, China's classical poems are very subtle and concise. Generally, when dealing with emotions, poets do not express their feelings directly, but express their feelings in one way or another. Narration is based on events, scenery is used to express one's feelings, objects are used to express one's feelings, and history is used to express one's feelings.
1. scene fusion
(1) According to the lyric way:
A, touching the scene: Although there is some emotion in the author's mind, it is hidden and stimulated by the current situation, which causes the author to express it.
For example, in Du Fu's Climbing the Heights, the wind calls for apes to crow, and birds fly across clear lake to return to Baisha. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. Bad luck has formed a bitter frost on my temples, and heartache and fatigue are a thick layer of dust in my wine. "The first four sentences, the poet wandering all the year round, sickly, lonely, looking up at the vast rustling leaves, overlooking the rolling river, touching the scene, expressing the feelings of fleeting youth and hard-to-reward ambitions. When the poet witnessed the desolate and magnificent autumn scenery, he couldn't help thinking that he was reduced to a foreign land, old, weak and sick, giving birth to infinite sadness; The poet's travel worries and loneliness, like fallen leaves and rivers, are inexhaustible and can't be driven away. Love and scenery are integrated.
B, express emotions by scenery:
Scenery before emotion: When a poet feels something about a scene, he entrusts his feelings to the scene and expresses it by describing it. This lyric way is called borrowing scenery to express emotion. "The lonely sail is far away, the blue sky is full, and the sky is only the Yangtze River" (Li Bai's "Yellow Crane Tower Farewell Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou"). The figure of the old friend is getting farther and farther, and finally disappears completely. The rolling river is like thinking about friends constantly.
Close the relationship with the scenery: at the end of the poem, write a scene sentence with deep affection and collect the whole poem. Love precedes scenery, and scenery sets off feelings. Expressing feelings with the help of scenery, things, people and things is implicit, euphemistic and implicit.
Such as: Qin Guan's "Huanxisha" is lonely and cold, just like poor autumn. Looking back at the screen, the light smoke, the flowing water, the mood is faint. Outside the window, the flowers are dancing freely, just like in a dream, the rain is falling and drifting aimlessly, like melancholy. Look again, the curtain of jewelry hangs on the silver hook at will. This is a poem describing the morning scene in early spring. "Lonely and cold" is the author's feeling, which renders the lonely atmosphere upstairs. Then write the scenery, the last sentence, write flying flowers like a dream, drizzle like sorrow, the author skillfully uses inverse proportion, describes the scenery with emotion, and writes feelings with scenery. At this time, in the poetic realm, the scene is like jade, reaching a highly unified artistic conception.
C, the scenery of love: choose the scenery because of love, dye the scenery with love, and the scenery comes from love. Therefore, the scenery has the poet's specific emotional color.
Such as: Bai Juyi's "Recalling Jiangnan" Jiangnan is good and the scenery is old. At sunrise, the river is redder than fire, and in spring, the river is as green as blue. Can you forget Jiangnan?
When writing spring scenery in Jiangnan, the first sentence is "Jiangnan is good". With a simple and vivid word "good", it captures all the good points of spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and also includes the author's praise and yearning. At the same time, it is precisely because of "goodness" that we can "remember" endlessly. Therefore, this sentence has secretly ridiculed the sentence "Can you not remember Jiangnan?" The second sentence "I once knew the scenery" points out that the "good" scenery in Jiangnan is not hearsay, but the author's personal experience and feelings, which not only implements the word "good" but also takes care of the word "memory". Three or four sentences vividly interpret the "goodness" of Jiangnan, highlighting the bright colors of jianghua and the red and green rivers, giving people a dazzling impression. Among them, there are contrasts between the same color and different colors, which fully shows the author's good coloring skills. At the end of the article, the whole poem is collected with "Can you forget Jiangnan", which not only sets off the author born in Luoyang's infinite admiration and nostalgia for the spring scenery in Jiangnan, but also creates a long and lasting charm, bringing readers into a tearful realm.
D. Feeling in the scenery: only writing about the scenery is not lyrical, but relying on the scenery, people and things to express feelings. Among them, scenery is often the catalyst and carrier of emotion, and emotion is the lifeblood and soul of scenery; Love lives beside the scene, and the scene lives according to love.
Such as: Fan Zhongyan's Su Muzhe, the sky is blue, the yellow leaves are yellow, the autumn colors are continuous, the waves are cold, and the smoke is thick. The mountain reflects the setting sun and the sky meets the water, and the grass is ruthless, even outside the setting sun. Dark homesickness, chasing travel, every night unless, good dreams make people sleep. The high-rise building in the bright moon rests alone, and the wine turns into sorrow and tears.
This word expresses homesickness and travel worries, and makes a sad and charming language with a heart of stone. "Blue sky and yellow leaves" two sentences, one high and one low, one leaning and one leaning, show the vast autumn scenery in the world. The phrase "autumn is full of waves" refers to the rich autumn colors and soft autumn waves between the high sky and the thick land: autumn colors and autumn waves are connected to the horizon, autumn waves are empty, and autumn smoke is slightly chilly. Here, blue clouds, yellow leaves, green waves and green smoke form a colorful picture. The phrase "the mountain reflects the sunset" brings the castle peak into the picture, which makes the sky, the earth, the mountain and the water blend together and complement each other. At the same time, "Setting Sun" points out that dusk is autumn scenery. The phrase "the grass is ruthless" has changed from a real scene in the eyes to a virtual scene in the heart, and parting is hidden in it. Complaining about the ruthlessness of Cao Fang shows that the author is affectionate and righteous.
E. karma: for example, Qiu Si of Zhang Ji in the Tang Dynasty, "Looking at the autumn wind in Luoyang City, wants to ask a writer to write a book. I was so anxious that I couldn't say it, and the pedestrians opened again. " With the help of a pregnant episode in daily life-the details of thoughts and actions when sending a letter home, this Qiu Si expresses the deep nostalgia of people who are away from home for their loved ones in a very real and delicate way.
(2) According to the form of expression: Generally speaking, it is a happy scene of Syaraku, a sad scene to express sad feelings, but there are also music scenes that set off Syaraku's sad feelings or sad scenes.
A. Pleasure: For example, Xie Lingyun's "Spring grass grows in the pond and garden willows turn into songbirds". From the spring grass, garden willows and songbirds, the poet felt the vitality of spring and showed his joy. For example, in Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night written by Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty, "Good rain knows the season, and it happens in spring. Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently. Wild trails and clouds are all black, and rivers and boats are bright. Look at the red and wet place, Jinguancheng flowers are heavy. " It is a masterpiece depicting the night scene of spring rain and expressing joy.
B, sad scenery: such as Liu Yuxi's "Shicheng", "The old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide hits the empty city and returns to loneliness. In the old moon east of Huaishui, I also came to the female wall at night. " The poet wrote the stone city in the silent mountains, in the cool tide and in the dim moonlight, which can especially show the decline and desolation of the old country. Only write mountains and rivers and bright moons, and the six generations of wealth are all gone. Every sentence in the poem is a scene, but there is not a scene that does not blend into the deep sadness of the poet's hometown depression and bleak life.
Another example is Yuan Zhen's "Wenle Tiancai Jiangzhou Sima". "The residual lamp has no flame shadow. I heard that you are in Jiujiang this evening. Sitting up in critical condition, the black wind blows the rain and hits the cold window. " Yuan Zhen was exiled to other countries, seriously ill and in a bad mood. Now I suddenly heard that my best friend was wronged and demoted, and my heart was even more shocked. I am full of grievances and worries. With this sad mood, all the scenery becomes gloomy. The first two sentences and the last two sentences are both landscape language and emotional language, which convey feelings with sadness and integrate feelings with scenery, which is "seamless"
C. Happiness and sadness: For example, in the Tang Dynasty, Zhang's "Thinking of Spring Boudoir", "The willows on the edge of the city are curled up, and the green is on the mulberry. I forgot to pick the leaves in the cage and dreamed of fishing in the sun last night. " The beautiful scenery full of spring reflects the sadness and desolation of young women. Writing sad feelings with happy scenes has unique charm. For example, the metabolism of the Tang Dynasty was rather muddy, and "Xie Ting Farewell" said: "When my brother misinterpreted the boat, the red leaves and green hills rushed. It's still far from waking up at sunset, and it's raining down the west building. " The beautiful and poetic scenery of the first "Red Leaves and Castle Peak" in the League reflects the poet's feelings of leaving sorrow and not hating.
2. Holding things and expressing aspirations: mainly reflected in chanting things and expressing feelings. Trust, trust and use; Things, objective and external things; Speech, expression; Ambition, ambition, voluntariness; Include, entrust, imply; Meaning, wish, wish. Expressing one's will by supporting things refers to a lyrical way in which a poet uses metaphor or symbol to express his inner feelings or his attitude towards life or his perception of life by depicting specific scenery. To put it simply, to express one's ambition by supporting things is to express one's ambition and volunteer with the help of concrete external things. The things in this poem are personified. Lyrical features: "form-spirit-thing-me". Writing is actually writing about people. It expresses subjective feelings by describing the spirit of objective things, thus writing the spiritual character of objective things, and making self-encouragement and self-oath. This lyric way is widely used not only in poetry, but also in prose. It seems to be chanting things, but in fact it expresses meaning, and things are difficult for me to distinguish. Such as Lu You's "Bu Operator? Yongmei, Yu Qian's lime poems and Zhou Dunyi's theory of love lotus all use plum blossom, lime and lotus flower as metaphors to describe the noble quality of a gentleman who refuses to go with the flow. Appreciating this kind of poetry can't just stay on the superficial image of poetry (scenery or things), but we should use our emotional experience to explore their universal meaning or thoughts.
Appreciation method: try to understand the key words and expressions to express emotions in connection with the creative background and the poet's relevant situation; It is necessary to find out the characteristics of the things written in this poem and the similarities with the images created by the poet. -then infer what kind of ambition and feelings are expressed.
Example: Is the title Zhu Shi clear? Zheng Xie insists that the green hills are not relaxed, and the roots are in the broken rocks. The wind is strong in the east, west, north and south.
The analytic poem describes the image of bamboo rooted in cracked rocks, standing upright in the green hills and facing the wind, and shows the spirit of bamboo's fearless and tenacious struggle and the quality of integrity, which is similar to the poet's behavior of integrity and power. In fact, it is also an image portrayal of being an official and doing things.
This kind of lyric poetry is often involved in the college entrance examination. For example, 2004 National College Entrance Examination Beijing Volume 12, 13: Read Su Shi's poem "Red Plum", tell the reasons why Su Shi praised the poem "Plum Blossom and White Lotus" and criticized Shi's poem, and make a concrete analysis.
For example, Yu Shinan's "Cicada" said: "When you drink dew, you will feel sparse. It's not the autumn wind that makes you afraid to speak loudly. " Three or four sentences in the poem, with the unique feeling of cicadas singing far and wide, tell the truth contained in it, that is, a person with noble moral character can be famous far and near without some kind of outside help, thus expressing warm praise and high confidence in his inner moral character.
Wang Anshi's "Beipi Apricot Flower" "A pool of spring water surrounds the flower body, and the flower shadow is enchanting, accounting for spring. It is better to be blown into snow by the spring breeze than to be crushed into dust by Nanmo. " Apricot flowers, gorgeous and refined, are more graceful beside the water. This poem is about apricot blossoms that bloom near the water. It is a poem about things, and it is also the embodiment of the author's indifferent mood and noble personality. Better be a broken jade than a stubborn personality of Waquan. "There are thousands of spring branches on a tree, which are softer than gold and softer than silk. Who owns the wild garden in Yongfeng Xiyuan all day? " (Bai Juyi's "Yang Liuzhi Ci") expresses his ambition by holding things, and writes that Liu is left alone in a deserted garden, expressing the feeling that talents are buried.
3. Moral: To express allegorical feelings by describing something is to hide one's thoughts in concrete foreign objects. In fact, "ambition" and "will" are often the same thing, which can be understood as thoughts and feelings, ideals and aspirations, opinions and opinions. In the articles of poetry appreciation, the expression of "expressing one's will by supporting things" is widely used. The meaning of the object is implicit, and the meaning is more implicit. For example, Su Shi's "Waiting for Taiwan": "The moon is in the same period as the high one, and the low one reflects the eyebrows. Only last night was sober, and I gradually felt that the ice wheel was late to go to sea. " The last two songs are about the natural law of loss due to fullness. The full moon brings infinite beauty and joy to the world, but it is a perfect beginning. The poet stood for a long time, looking at the sea, waiting for the slowly rising ice moon, and his heart could not help but feel faint sadness. Calling the moon an "ice wheel" means that the moon is bright and clean, pure, but also slightly cold. At this time, the poet's official fall, probably with the bright moon rising slowly at sea, emerged in the turbulent mind like waves. Reading such a poem with profound meaning requires a considerable understanding of the poet's life, experience and even creative style, otherwise it is difficult to grasp its meaning. Ouyang Xiu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in Thrushcross Birds: "A hundred turns and a thousand sounds follow the heart, and the flowers are red and purple. I just know that listening to the golden cage is not as good as singing freely on earth. " In the poem, the thrush crows freely in the forest, which is in sharp contrast with the bird in the golden cage. If you only perceive this level, it will be superficial. In fact, the poet was demoted to Chuzhou because he was an official in the DPRK and dared to tell the truth. The viciousness of North Korea is in sharp contrast with the freedom of scenery in Chuzhou. Poets feel the songs of thrush birds in the mountains, touch the scenery and make poems with keepsakes (thrushes), which is self-evident.
4. Borrow the ancient to satirize the present (borrow the ancient to lyrical about the history): For example, Zhang Kejiu's "Zhong Lu" sells flowers and remembers the past ","The beauty cut herself on the banks of the Wujiang River, and the war once burned Chibi Mountain, and the generals were empty and old. " The song "Sadness in Qin and Han Dynasties, Life Exhausted, Literati Sighed" lamented the war between rulers and nations in Qin and Han Dynasties, which brought great disasters to the people and showed the author's sympathy for the people's thoughts and feelings.
Another example is Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Lane", "There are wild flowers on the Suzaku Bridge, and the sunset is oblique in Wuyi Lane. In the old society, Xie Wang Tang flew into the homes of ordinary people. " In the past, Suzaku Bridge, which was full of traffic, and Wuyi Lane, which was full of clothes, are now desolate and desolate, shrouded in a lonely and desolate atmosphere. From this, we can clearly hear the author's infinite feelings about this change.
5. Implicit. Implicit, as the name implies, not straightforward and unclear, euphemistically expressing subjective feelings.
The main feature of China's creation of ancient poems is that he pays attention to implication and has a good idea, which is divided into three parts.
(1) consignment (see above)
(2) Write the meaning of scenery. In other words, the lyrical hero's emotions are contained in the description of the scenery, and the feelings and scenes blend with each other, which is intriguing. For example, Li Bai's Visit to the Ancient Times by Su Tai: "The old garden is desolate, and Yang Liuxin and Ling Gechun can't sing. Today, only Xijiang Moon shines on people in the Wu Palace. " Tai Su, or Gusutai, was a playground for Fu Cha, King of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period, so it is located in Suzhou, Jiangsu today. The ruins of Wuyuan, the desolation of Suzhou and Taiwan, the new leaves of willows, the songs of boat girls, the bright moon of Xijiang River, and the contrast between ancient and modern times, contain the poet's ups and downs of infinite feelings. (See above for details)
3 irony, irony. The poet's creation intends to express the meaning of affirming (denying) something by denying (affirming) something. That is to say, it is not (yes) but (no). Li Bai's "Baling presents Jia Sheren": "Jia Sheng looks west at Beijing, and sumo moves south without complaint. My Lord is so kind to Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, I pity you for not being sent to Changsha. " Jia Sheren was demoted as Sima of Baling (now Yueyang, Hunan) for violating the imperial court. When he arrived, he met Li Bai who had just been pardoned. The poet wrote this poem and gave it to Jia She. The poem says, don't complain that your Mr. Jia was demoted to the waterfront of Hunan. Our Lord is as deep as the sea. It is because of his pity for you that he didn't demote you to Baling, just like the Chinese Emperor demoted Jia Yi to Changsha. You should thank Emperor Long En! In fact, Baling is as far away as Changsha, and the place where Jia Sheren was demoted is no better than Jia Yi. The whole poem seems to comfort Jia Sheren, praising the wisdom, but in fact it is as ironic and fatuous as Emperor Wen of China. Irony (satire) is correct (praise) and implicit.
(4) refers to mulberry. Is to use the topic to play, point to this and satirize that. For example, Du Mu's Bo Qinhuai said: "A business woman doesn't know how to hate her country, but she still sings backyard flowers across the river." On the surface, criticizing commercial women (singers) actually reflects that bureaucrats and nobles filled the empty and decadent soul life with singing and dancing and drunken life, which is a side portrayal of the declining reality in the late Tang Dynasty.
(5) laugh at yourself. This technique is mainly through mocking oneself to achieve the purpose of mocking and satirizing the object. For example, Luo Yin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem entitled "A monkey gave it to Zhu Gu": "The probation period is twelve or thirteen years, which is contrary to the smoke and the moon in all lakes. If you learn to sacrifice to your grandson, you will be embarrassed to laugh. " The poem means that in the past 12 or 13 years, I have worked hard to catch the exam in Beijing, and I have abandoned all the beautiful scenery. It's better to learn from the monkey-playing grandson. As long as he can make the king laugh, he will wear a red robe! It's funny to say that monkeys go to court. Now it's even more ridiculous for monkeys to wear official clothes, because they can get rich and be happy. The poet laughs at his stubbornness, and it is not as easy to get an official position by virtue of his ability as playing monkey tricks. On the surface, self-mockery actually satirizes the fatuity and absurdity of the late Tang emperor, profoundly exposes the darkness and decay of the imperial court, and makes the feelings of lack of talents more intriguing and profound than direct allegory.
(6) Put pen to paper on the opposite side. Poets have feelings to express and lovesickness to place. They don't write "I" directly, but imagine what the other party will do in the face of this situation, thus receiving a roundabout lyric effect. For example, Du Fu's Moonlit Night: "Far away in Fuzhou, she is watching the moonlight, looking at it alone from the window of her room. Have pity on my children, they are too young to know where the capital is. The fragrant mist wets the temples, and the jade shoulders are cold. When can we lie on the screen again and look at the bright light and stop crying? "The poet doesn't directly miss his wife and children at home from one side, but puts himself on the other side, conceiving his wife's feelings, imagining his wife's sleepless nights, looking at the moon in front of him, imagining the pain of not being reunited, and imagining the joy of being reunited with the moon in the future. Rich in imagination, sincere, tortuous and euphemistic. Li Shangyin's Short Message to Friends in the North on a Rainy Night also belongs to this kind of writing.
(7) Clever use of metaphor. Don't say the original intention directly, but take the analogy skillfully, set the metaphor carefully, and express your will vividly and implicitly. For example, when Zhu Qingyu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, came to the imperial examination, he was worried that his works might not meet the requirements of the examiner, so he wrote a poem "Giving water to the boudoir" ("To Secretary Zhang on the eve of the examination"): "I stopped my marriage last night to pay homage to my aunt. After putting on makeup, I whispered to my husband, is thrush deep and fashionable? " On the surface of this poem, in order to get the love of in-laws, the bride asks the groom for advice after thrush dressing up. In fact, it is a metaphor based on boudoir, comparing oneself to a bride, Zhang Ji to a husband, the examiner to her in-laws, her poems to painted eyebrows, and Zhang Ji to an exam. Later, after Zhang Ji saw Zhu Qingyu's poem, he also replied a poem (rewarding Zhu Qingyu): "Yue Nv's new makeup mirror only shows that Yan Ming is more thoughtful. When Wan Qi is insufficient, people are expensive, and a lingge is worth thousands of dollars. " Zhang Ji's poems also contain metaphors. A beautiful woman from Yuezhou came to the center of Jingbo Lake after dressing up, knowing that she was very gorgeous, but she was suspicious. That expensive Wan Qi (a dress made of high-quality silk produced in Qi State) is no longer worthy of people's attention today, and only her "Linggexing" is worth tens of thousands of gold. Zhang Ji also used a clever metaphor to imply that Zhu Qingyu didn't have to worry about the exam. The two poems set each other off and become interesting. Ask and answer.
(8) With the help of homophones. Liu Yuxi's "Zhi Zhu Ci" wrote: "The river level is green with willows, and I can hear the songs on the Langjiang River. Sunrise in the east and rain in the west, the road is sunny but sunny. " This well-known love song skillfully uses the homonym of "love" and "clear" to imply "clear", which shows the confusion, attachment, anxiety, hope and waiting of the first love girl, conveys her voice and is euphemistic.
(9) Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty. That is, on the surface, poetry talks about the politics of the Han Dynasty, but in fact it satirizes the disadvantages of the Tang Dynasty. For example, Bai Juyi said in Song of Eternal Sorrow: "The emperor of China, eager to shake the beauty of an empire, has been on the throne for many years, looking for it and never found it." The "Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty" here actually refers to Tang Huang Ming.
(10) Borrow allusions. The use of allusions is a common phenomenon in ancient poetry, which can be used to describe the present, to win more with less, to turn plain into beautiful, or even a word of gold. Fortunately, Qi Baishi's poem "Ode to Yu Le Jing Kou Gu Bei Ting Nostalgia" uses many allusions to satirize the present, praise Sun Liu, express his yearning for heroic achievements and criticize the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty. Use the story of the failure of Liu Yilong's hasty northern expedition to express the warning to Han Biaozhou; Lian Po's story is used to express his resentment towards the Southern Song Dynasty. (See below)
(1 1) Borrowing the past is not the present. First look at Li Qingzhao's quatrains: "Life is a hero, and death is a ghost." I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. "Xiang Yu, as a famous star at the end of the Qin Dynasty, is famous all over the world. Later, Liu Bang fought for the defeat of the Wujiang River in the world. He had no face to see his elders in Jiangdong and committed suicide in Wujiang River. This poem praises Xiang Yu's spirit of not wanting to run for his life alone, but rather dying with the soldiers. It is not difficult to understand the meaning of the poet's eulogizing the past and satirizing the present in connection with the fact that the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty were losing ground at that time and finally escaped from the Yangtze River.
6. Allusions: use allusions. That is, quoting historical facts and using allusions in poetry. There are two main points in using allusions to appreciate poetry: first, the source and meaning of allusions; The second is the role of allusions.
The function of allusion in poetry before Tang Dynasty is mainly to increase the capacity of poetry, make poetry elegant and durable, rich in literary talent, increase the vividness and implication of expression, get concise and thought-provoking effect, and enhance the expressive force and appeal of works. ; In the poems and songs after the Tang Dynasty, it is mainly to remember the past, hurt the present, praise history and express ambitions.
(2) Comparison and contrast
Step 7 describe it in detail
For example, in Qiu Si written by Zhang Ji in the Tang Dynasty, "Seeing the autumn wind in Luoyang, I want a writer to write a book. I was so anxious that I couldn't say it, and the pedestrians opened again. " With the help of a pregnant episode in daily life-the details of thoughts and actions when sending a letter home, this Qiu Si expresses the deep nostalgia of people who are away from home for their loved ones in a very real and delicate way.
Another example is Zhao Shixiu's "Guests", "It rains at home in Huangmei season, and frogs are everywhere in the grass pond. If you don't come at midnight, knock off the chess pieces and die. " The author uses the detailed action of "knocking chess pieces" to write not only the scene of the poet waiting for the guests to visit on a rainy night, but also the disappointment that the guests have not arrived.