What is the Dong nationality (tour guide)? (urgent)

Dong is a minority in People's Republic of China (PRC). The residential area is mainly at the junction of Guizhou, Hunan and Guangxi, and there are also some Dong people in Enshi, Hubei. The total population of Dong nationality is 2.96 million (the fifth census in 2000). Dong people also have a branch in Laos called Kang. Dong people are mainly distributed at the junction of Guizhou Province, Hunan Province and Guangxi Province. According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 2000, the Dong population was 2,960,293. Dong people call themselves Gaeml (pronounced like "Gan", "Xuan" and "Geng" in Chinese), which is translated into "Gan dialect" and "Gan dialect person" according to the principle of "name depending on the subject" advocated by the United Nations. The Dong nationality was first named Jingling, which was found in the documents of Song Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, other nicknames such as "Dongman", "Dongmiao", "Ren Dong" and "Dongjia" appeared. After the founding of New China, they were collectively called Dong people. People often call it "Dong Shi". Dong people use Dong language, belonging to Zhuang Dong language family, which is divided into two dialects: South and North. Originally, there were no words, but Chinese was used. 1958, Establishment of Dong Language Scheme for Latin Alphabet. Most of them are in Chinese now. Mainly engaged in agriculture, operating trees. Forestry is famous for producing Chinese fir. Breeding and cultivating a unique high-quality rice strain-"Jintian Rice", focusing on the production of japonica fish; Make good use of rice fields to raise fish, and create and inherit Dongxiang's organic agricultural cultural heritage characterized by "rice, fish and ducks are born". Have their own folk drama-Dong Opera. Drum tower, rain bridge and rain pavilion are the main symbols of Dong nationality. Yufeng Bridge is named after a long corridor bridge house that can shelter from the wind and rain. The famous Chengyang Wind and Rain Bridge in Sanjiang has been designated as a national key cultural relic. There are five multi-legged pagodas on the bridge, and there are railings on both sides of the passage, which are shaped like verandas. The bridge structure does not need nails, but only needs to cut holes in the columns and connect them obliquely through the straight sleeves. Exquisite structure, very strong, amazing. Xiao and Di of Dong nationality are one of the traditional Chinese musical instruments. Dong people are also good at architectural art, and each stockade has a unique wooden building. This nail-free, riveting-free wooden structure has absorbed part of the essence of China's ancient pavilions. Dong people are good at architecture. The architectural arts such as Dongzhai Drum Tower and Yufeng Bridge with exquisite structure and various forms are representative. Dong Zhai Drum Tower There are many famous drum towers and wind and rain bridges in Guizhou, Guangxi and Dong Township. Because there is a pavilion on the bridge, it can not only walk, but also avoid the wind and rain, so it is called the wind and rain bridge. These ancient buildings, which flourished from the end of the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, are rigorous in structure, unique in shape and full of national temperament. The whole building does not need to be riveted with other iron pieces, but connected with durable Chinese fir tenons, with a total length of 64.4m, a width of 3.4m and a height of16m. There are pagoda-shaped and palace-shaped bridge pavilions on the five stone piers, which are scattered and magnificent. The Drum Tower in Dongzhai looks like a polyhedral pagoda. Generally more than 20 meters high, 1 1 building to the top, all supported by 16 Chinese fir columns. The center of the building is wide and flat, about 10 square meter. There is a big fire pit made of stone in the middle, surrounded by wooden railings and long wooden benches for rest. At the spire of the building, there is a treasure gourd or a Millennium crane, which symbolizes the auspicious peace of the stockade. The eaves of the building are prominent and inclined, giving people a delicate and elegant feeling, such as flying and jumping. Dong people's culture and art are rich and colorful, and they have the reputation of "hometown of poetry and ocean of songs". Dong people's poems are rigorous in rhythm, wide in subject matter, healthy and clear in artistic conception and vivid in metaphor. Among them, lyric poetry is delicate, sincere and enthusiastic. ; Narrative poems are euphemistic and tortuous, with profound implications, and are extremely precious cultural heritage of Dong folk literature. Poetry lyrics are mostly based on human origin, national migration and customary law, which has historical value. The most popular ones are Zhulang Niang, recklessness, Saburo dancing beautifully and Song of Cicada. There are many beautiful music tunes. A multi-part chorus "big song" has a loud voice, great momentum and free rhythm. Pipa songs, named after the accompaniment of pipa or Geyiqin (Dong ki2 12, commonly known as Niutuiqin), have a cheerful and smooth tune and are unique to Dong people. Folk stories and legends have a wide range of themes, various forms, strange twists and turns, fascinating and romantic expressions, which reflect the rich imagination and good wishes of the Dong people to pursue light and overcome evil. Dong Opera developed from the initial narrative rap, which began in the early 9th century/KLOC-0. According to legend, it was created by Wu Wencai (about 1798 ~ 1845), a Dong nationality in Liping. The catwalk is simple, the movements are simple and the tunes are changeable. When singing, it is accompanied by "Geyiqin", gongs and drums are loud, wearing Dong costumes, not painting faces, and full of national colors. Dong folk dances include "Duoye", Lusheng, dragon dance and lion dance. "Duoye" is a kind of mass collective song and dance, where men and women form a circle hand in hand and sing while walking. Lusheng dance is a group dance in which dancers play Lusheng while dancing. In addition to the above musical instruments, there are Dong flute, suona and so on. Handicrafts include flower picking, embroidery, painting, carving, paper cutting, paper carving, rattan weaving and bamboo weaving. Embroidery is a skill that Dong women are good at. They embroidered various patterns, figures, animals, flowers and insects on their costumes, with vivid images and rich and harmonious colors. Silver ornaments include collars, necklaces, bracelets, earrings, rings, silver hair clips and silver flowers. Textiles include Dong Brocade, Dong Pa and Dong Cloth. First dyed with indigo, and then painted with protein's "egg cloth", which is bright in color and is the inherent material of Dong people. Drum Tower and Yufeng Bridge are typical representatives of Dong architecture. Dong people are good at stone and wood architecture. Drum Tower and Yufeng Bridge are the crystallization of their architectural art. Drum Tower is a wooden structure, connected by tenons without nails. There are three, five or even fifteen floors, and water is poured on four sides or six sides and eight sides, and the height is 4 ~ 5 feet. Climbing over the eaves, like a pagoda, it is a symbol of family or village and a place for people to gather. Yufeng Bridge is a wooden bridge with stone piers, long corridor and bridge pavilion, which is magnificent. Chengyang Bridge in Sanjiang County is the most famous and has been listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.