The Style of Li He's Works

The poetic style of Li He's poems is ethereal and even grotesque, and the content is mainly to express his grief and indignation towards talented people. Describe the imaginary world of ghosts and gods; Describe the sufferings of the people; Expose the evils of the times, criticize the debauchery of rulers, and praise the bravery of frontier fortress soldiers. Its artistic characteristics are: fantastic imagination, fantastic rhetoric, colorful changes and deliberate innovation. The image of poetry jumps and the structure is unconventional. Clever rhetoric and peculiar poetic language. However, it also has some shortcomings, such as the pursuit of strangeness and illusion, which is often obscure and dangerous, lacking a complete image and coherent emotional context, which is difficult to solve. The unique language creates a sad atmosphere, which is one of the most successful factors in Li He's poetry, and also the key to the uniqueness of Changji Style in the flowery poetry circle. Typical as Qiu Lai described by Li He. The poem "Qiu Lai" was written when Li He resigned and went home. The bad mood, bleak autumn wind and biting cold rain caused infinite sadness in the poet's heart. The poet's subjective feelings are integrated with the ghosts in the lonely grave. With the help of "ghosts", he expresses his feelings and expresses the poet's deep sorrow with magnificent and peculiar artistic images, which condenses into a beautiful and cold language, which is frightening and creepy to read.

Li He took poetry as his painstaking work and career, and his mother said that he was "painstaking". He deliberately pursues the beauty of poetic language. In Song Dynasty, Yan Yu said in Cang Lang Shi Hua that "the long auspicious rose is mysterious, and heaven and earth owe it to themselves." In the poem "Qiu Lai", the soul-stirring wind, lingering fragrance, ghosts singing precious poems, hating blood and turning green, and other bleak images fully embody the artistic features of Li He's language. There is a unique charm. Li Heshi was influenced by Chu Ci, Gu Yuefu, Qi Lianggong, Du Li, Han Yu, etc., and formed a very unique style through his own casting and bitterness. The greatest feature of Shi Li's poems is rich and strange imagination and gorgeous and strange language. Changji wrote to Tianhe and Youyue Palace; Talking about ancient and modern times and exploring ghosts and gods, his imagination is magical, magnificent and gorgeous. Changji deliberately honed his language to make it fantastic, concise, steep and colorful. There are many ingenious, strange and novel languages in his works. For example, strange words such as He Kou Cup Day (drinking by the King of Qin), Walking Clouds to Learn the Sound of Water (a ballad in the sky), and "Jade wheel rolls with wet light" (a dream of heaven) abound. It can be said that "new" is the pursuit of Changji's era, especially Han Meng's poetry school represented by his mentor and friend Han Yu. He also has many vivid and easy-to-understand works, such as Persuading Love, Five Satiries, Beijing, Mocking Teenagers and so on. Like Li Bai, Du Fu, Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi, there is a four-letter word called Shi Gui because of ghosts, weeping, blood and death.

Another major feature of Changji's poetry is that he wrote more ancient poems and Yuefu poems, and rarely wrote modern poems that were popular at that time. There are no seven-metrical poems in the existing poems. Li He has made outstanding contributions to the inheritance and innovation of Yuefu poems, borrowing the past to present, satirizing or sighing, being flexible, careless and innovative. In addition to Yuefu schools such as Zhang and Wang, it is unique. He is especially good at short stories, such as Song of the Sky, Dream of Paradise and Song of Di Zi. And it is a masterpiece called "Dragon Ridge" by later generations. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin and Wen's ancient poems followed the path initiated by Li He. He Zuoxiu, Zhou Bangyan, Liu Kezhuang, Xie Ao and Wen Tianxiang in Song Dynasty, Sadula and Yang Weizhen in Yuan Dynasty, Tang Xianzu in Ming Dynasty, Cao Xueqin, Li Jian and Yao Xie in Qing Dynasty were all influenced by Li Heshi. Fang Meng once said in Yuan Dynasty: "Reading Changji Yuefu Poetry in December has new meanings, beautiful sentences and different syllables. In this group of poems, images and artistic conception are completely avoided. In the poem, you don't have to fold willows in February, peaches and plums in March, Aipu in May, cowherd in July, bright moon in August and mountain climbing in September. These people can only sing "Heaven to Earth, Rain to Wind, Mainland to Sky". "Thunder is faint, foggy, mountain flowers are on the sea tree, the sun is on the sky, and poor literati are far behind. Another example is his masterpiece "Drinking by the King of Qin", the poem is "Drinking by the King of Qin", but there is not a story about the State of Qin (Wang Qi's Poems of Li Changji). Like all ancient poems, the theme of his poems mostly goes beyond "pen and ink". He wrote the works of the ancients, mostly to allude to the social reality at that time, or to express his depressed mood and subtle thoughts. It is difficult to find realistic works about ancient times in his collection.

Images of aging and death are multi-purpose: In the history of China's poetry, almost no young poet prefers to describe things of aging and death and start Changji's poetry. This image is everywhere, with words like old age, death and decline everywhere, while others are like disability, discontinuity, loss, emaciation, old age, ghost, withering, decay, disease, failure, decline, twilight, disadvantage and destruction. The above words appeared more than 440 times in Li He's poems, with an average of two times in each poem. The word "old" appears most frequently (48 times), followed by "cold" (34 times), "broken" (33 times), "sad" (24 times) and "dead" (20 times). On the other hand, Li Heshi is a young poet because he has no way out and is weak, but his artistic characteristics are rich imagination and artistic conception.

Commonly used ghost images: Li He's Ghost Poems are only a dozen, less than one twentieth of all his works. However, the word "ghost" has an indissoluble bond with him and is regarded as "ghost material" and "ghost fairy". What thoughts and feelings these poems show and how to evaluate them have become a pen and ink case. In the ghost world written by Li He, there are cold wandering souls on Su Xiaoxiao's tomb; There is Ma Si who heard nothing on the eve of Maoling in Liu Che; There are lacquer torches in Nanshan to welcome guests, and fireflies in the soil are disturbing; In the cold rain, there are ghosts singing in the autumn grave, and the Millennium hates blood.

Needless to say, Li He's poems also have many shortcomings. On the one hand, due to excessive carving and curiosity, some works are obscure in meaning, piled with words, incomplete in artistic image and incoherent in emotional context. Some of his poems have inherited the tradition of ghosts in the mountains and national mourning in Qu Yuan's Songs of the South, such as The Fairy Song, The Wild Goose Gate's Taishouxing, The Golden Boy Ren Xian's Songs of the Han Dynasty and so on. The other part is very realistic, such as "The Old Lady Picks Jade Songs", which reflects the hardships of the poor. At the same time, his poems also reveal sentimental feelings about the fleeting good times. Those who belittle Li are said to be "too many monsters" (Zhang's Coral Hook Poems), and even regarded as "the demon of poetic immortals" (Pan Deyu's Yangyizhai Poems). It is very reasonable for Wang Shizhen to briefly summarize Chang Ji's poems with a word "Guo".